The presentation takes into account widely used surface finishing processes including electroplating, anodizing, alodining, cadmium plating, zinc plating, phosphating, passivation
Die casting process: Principles, applications and industrial useMayurjyotiNeog
The short presentation gives insights to some die casting process, its principles, applications and some industrial use. It also includes different die casting methods.
Die casting process: Principles, applications and industrial useMayurjyotiNeog
The short presentation gives insights to some die casting process, its principles, applications and some industrial use. It also includes different die casting methods.
Design & manufacturing of fixture for robotic weldingAkash Upadhyay
AIM: To Design and manufacture Fixture for robotic welding on panel.
PROJECT: to design and manufacture series of fixtures to produce army shelters.
END USER OF FIXTURE: Bharat Electronics Ltd.(BEL)
END USER OF SHELTERS: Indian Army
ESTIMATED BENEFIT: BEL used to manufacture one shelter in three days but now due to this project they could manufacture 3 shelters in one day.
education is a key for everything so the objective of this slide is to share knowledge to the glob in my area of specialization.
This lecture note is basically designed for mechanical Engineering Manufacturing stream students and Instructors.
Design & manufacturing of fixture for robotic weldingAkash Upadhyay
AIM: To Design and manufacture Fixture for robotic welding on panel.
PROJECT: to design and manufacture series of fixtures to produce army shelters.
END USER OF FIXTURE: Bharat Electronics Ltd.(BEL)
END USER OF SHELTERS: Indian Army
ESTIMATED BENEFIT: BEL used to manufacture one shelter in three days but now due to this project they could manufacture 3 shelters in one day.
education is a key for everything so the objective of this slide is to share knowledge to the glob in my area of specialization.
This lecture note is basically designed for mechanical Engineering Manufacturing stream students and Instructors.
Stainless steel and brass passivation is done to protect the substrate metal from corrosion attacks by introducing a protective oxide layer onto the substrate surface that is less likely to react with corrosive agents thus making it a widely used metal finishing process.
It extends the life of the metal parts.
Our main goal is to cover our customer needs in terms of quality, performance and product lifetime. How important are the treatments and processes that our canopies suffer? Check it in this technical article.
Alpha Metal Finishing provided a hardcoat anodizing lunch and learn presentation in May 2014. Special thanks to Rob Pawson from Reliant Aluminum Products for assisting us.
Galvanization or galvanizing is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting. The most common method is hot-dip galvanizing, in which the parts are submerged in a bath of molten zinc.
The presentation deals with the basics of Dimensional Metrology.
The presentation includes the basic terminologies , including the following:
Measurement uncertainty: Understanding how to evaluate and report measurement uncertainty, which is the level of confidence in a measurement result.
Statistical analysis: Knowledge of basic statistical concepts, such as mean, standard deviation, and normal distribution, and their use in dimensional metrology.
Tolerance analysis: Understanding of tolerance limits, and how to apply them in dimensional measurements to determine if a part is acceptable or not.
Measurement systems analysis: Knowledge of how to evaluate the performance of measurement systems and identify sources of error.
The presentation depicted herein presents briefly an introduction of acceptance sampling along with some major differences amongst the widely used sampling standards.
Acceptance Sampling standards comparison. MIL-STD-105E, MIL-STD-1916, ISO 2859, ISO 3951. About AQLs and OC Curves.
Uncertainty of Coordinate Measuring MachinesHassan Habib
The presentation was delivered in the presentation of a conference paper at ICAYS (International Conference in Aerospace for Young Scientists) at Beihang University, Beijing, China. The topic takes into account the critical factors that effect the CMM measurements. The presentation represents the way of Guide to Expression of Uncertainty Measurement (GUM). All the formulas taken for the calculation are based on literature review.
Calibration of Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM)Hassan Habib
This presentation is made in an effort to impart information regarding the techniques used for the calibration of coordinate measuring machines. These versatile machines are today being used for the inspection of very precise and accurate mechanical components manufactured by keeping in view advanced geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing techniques.
It is a rudimentary emphasis on the importance of Child Labor. It concerns itself with some of the labor laws of Pakistan and points out how great the issue is world wide.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
3. What is surface finishing?
Surface Finishing is a set of processes that we use to achieve
desired mechanical properties on different products
1Purpose
4. What is surface finishing?
• Mechanical properties are desired in products as per the
intended use e.g toothpaste, non-stick utensils, impeller blade
• One of the most widely used process of achieving desired
qualities is electroplating
• Electroplating is the most widely used process, used in
variations to achieve desired properties
1Purpose
5. Why we use electroplating?
Electroplating is used to deposit a foreign material on
mechanical parts to protect them from corrosion, wear and
tear and to increase visual aesthetics in some cases
2Purpose
9. Anodizing
Formation of a chemical conversion coating on metal
surface by anodic oxidation is called anodizing. This
process is carried out on aluminum and aluminum alloys
or titanium alloys
4
A
Purpose
11. According to MIL-STD-8625 E:
Type I – Chromic acid anodizing, conventional coatings produced from
chromic acid bath
Type IB – Chromic acid anodizing, low voltage process, 22 ± 2V
Type IC – Non-chromic acid anodizing, for use as a non-chromate alternative
for Type I and IB coatings
Type II – Sulfuric acid anodizing, conventional coatings produced from
sulfuric acid bath
Type IIB – Thin sulfuric acid anodizing, for use as a non-chromate
alternative for Type I and IB coatings
Type III – Hard Anodic Coatings
Class 1 – Non-dyed
Class 2 – Dyed
4
A
AnodizingTypes and Classes
12. • Bath Concentration = 10% H2SO4
• Current Density = 10-15 A/ft2
• Time = Depending upon requirement
• Temperature = 18oC-22oC
4
A
AnodizingProcess Specifications
13. 4
A
AnodizingProcess Tests
Test Type
Applicable
Specimen
Preparation
Requirement Test method
Coating
Weight
I, IB, IC, II, IIB, III Specimen Panels:
(min width 3 in, min
thickness 0.032 in)
3.7.1.1
3.7.2.1.1
- ASTM B 244
- Weigh
- Metallographic
Microscope
Coating
Thickness
III Specimen Panels:
(min length 3 in, min width
3 in, min thickness 0.032 in)
3.7.2.1 - Weigh after stripping
of coating
Corrosion
Resistance
I, IB, IC, II, IIB Specimen Panels:
(min length 10 in, min width
3 in, min thickness 0.032 in)
3.7.1.2 - Salt Spray test for 336
hrs
Light
Fastness
I, IB, IC, II, IIB for
Class 2 only
Specimen Panels:
(min length 10 in, min width
3 in, min thickness 0.032 in)
3.7.1.3 - Ultraviolet Radiation
exposure for 200 hrs
Abrasion
Resistance
III Specimen Panels:
(min length 4 in, min width
3 in, min thickness 0.063 in)
3.7.2.2 - CS 1000 g wheels at
70 rev/min for 10,000
cycles.
14. 4
A
AnodizingAdvantages
• Highly Durable
• Inexpensive to produce and maintain
• Won’t chip, flake, peel or chalk
• Maintains metallic appearance of aluminum
• Environmental Friendly
- No heavy metals
- By products aid municipal waste water treatment facilities to
separate solids and neutralize pH
• Fire Protection
- Anodic oxide layers give a minor increase in the fire protection of
aluminum constructions. The melting point of the oxide surface
increases from approximately 650oC to approximately 2000oC
18. According to MIL-STD-5541 C:
Class 1A – For minimum protection against corrosion resistance. Good
quality for the surfaces to be painted or not
Class 3 – For protection against corrosion where lower electrical resistance
is required.
4
B
AlodiningClasses
19. 4
B
AlodiningProcess Tests
Test Class
Applicable
Specimen Preparation Test method
Corrosion
Resistance
1A, 3 Specimen Panels:
(min length 10 in, min width 3 in,
min thickness 0.02 in)
- Salt Spray test for 168 hrs
Adhesion wet
tape
1A, 3 Specimen Panels:
(min length 10 in, min width 3 in,
min thickness 0.02 in)
- Adhesion Wet Tape Test
Electrical
resistance
testing
3 Specimen Panels:
(min length 4 in, min width 3 in,
min thickness 0.063 in)
- At 200 psi nominal
electrode pressure class 3
must not have resistance
greater then 5000 microhms
20. 4
B
AlodiningAdvantages
• Adds no measurable weight
• Does not alter the dimensions of parts (does not make holes smaller)
• Requires essentially no cleanup after application. Encourages treatment
of all small parts as they are fabricated and installed
• Requires no electricity or skill to apply
22. Zinc Plating
Zinc Plating is an electroplating process performed by
using Zinc Sulphate solution. It is a low cost process
making it feasible for smaller parts
4
C
Purpose
24. Zinc Plating 4
C
Types and Classes
According to ASTM B-633:
Classification Number Service Condition Thickness
Fe/Zn 25 SC 4 (Very Severe) 25
Fe/Zn 12 SC 3 (Severe) 12
Fe/Zn 8 SC 2 (Moderate) 8
Fe/Zn 5 SC 1 (Mild) 5
Type I – Zinc, as plated
Type II – Zinc, w/colored chromate Coating
Type III – Zinc, w/colorless chromate Coating
Type IV – Zinc, w/phosphate conversion Coating
25. Zinc Plating 4
C
Process Tests
Test Specimen Preparation Test method
Coating
Thickness
Specimen Panels:
(min length 100 mm, min
width 25 mm, min thickness
1 mm)
- B487, B499
Adhesion Specimen Panels:
(min length 150 mm, min
width 100 mm, min
thickness 1 mm)
- B571
Corrosion
Resistance
Specimen Panels:
(min length 254 mm, min
width 76.2, min thickness
0.02 in)
- Salt Spray Test
Hydrogen
Embrittlem
ent relief
test
Defined By Purchaser - Sustained Load of 75%
of UTS
26. Zinc Plating 4
C
Advantages
• Chromate protected zinc offers higher corrosion resistance
• The process is cheap
• Electrolytic zinc coatings are used to protect and improve the appearance
of ferrous metals, (i.e iron and steel) as a corrosion barrier, and then as a
sacrificial coating
30. Cadmium Plating 4
D
Types and Classes
According to QQ-P-416 F:
Types
I – As plated
II – Supplementary Chromate Coating
III – Supplementary Phosphate Coating
Classes
1 – 0.005 in minimum thickness
2 – 0.003 in minimum thickness
3 – 0.002 in minimum thickness
31. Cadmium Plating 4
D
Process Tests
Classes
Minimum Thickness
For external surface
that can be touched
by a ball 0.79 in in
diameter
For external surface that
can not be touched by a
ball 0.79 in in diameter
Inch Microme
ter
Inch Micrometer
1 0.0050 18 0.00030 8
2 0.0030 8 0.00020 5
3 0.0020 5 0.00015 4
32. Cadmium Plating 4
D
Advantages
• Cadmium Plating is the preferred method of protecting close-tolerance
steel parts against corrosion
• It is particularly useful for reducing or avoiding bi-metallic corrosion and
is suitable for soldering
• Cadmium plating is liable to rapid attack by vapors emanating from
certain woods, varnishes, plastics and other organic materials,
particularly in poorly ventilated or humid conditions
• This plating is mostly used on carbon steel and low alloy steel parts for
protection against corrosion
34. Passivation
Passivation is a post plating process and is normally
applied to cadmium and zinc plated parts and to zinc
based alloy die-casted parts. Passivation process on
plated surfaces reduces corrosion.
4
E
Purpose
36. Passivation 4
E
Types and Classes
According to QQ-P-35 C:
Types
I – Nitric Acid + Sodium Dichromate solution 70-90oF
II – Nitric Acid + Sodium Dichromate solution 120-130oF
III – Nitric Acid + Sodium Dichromate solution 145-155oF
IV – For steels containing large amounts of sulfur or selenium (0.15%)
V – Part Anodic at 3-5 V for high carbon martensitic (440) steels
VI – Concentrated Nitric Acid solution 70-90oF
VII – Concentrated Nitric Acid solution 120-140oF
VIII – Concentrated Nitric Acid solution 120-130oF
37. Passivation 4
E
Process Tests
Test Test Specimen Test method
Water
Immersion Test
The specimen shall consists of samples
of parts that are submitted or
selected for acceptance inspection.
- MIL-STD-753B
- Parts shall be cleaned with
acetone
- Parts then must be immersed in
distilled water for 1 hour and
allowed to dry for 24 hrs
- No stains or rust must be visible
High Humidity
Test
The specimen shall consists of samples
of parts that are submitted or
selected for acceptance inspection.
- MIL-STD-753B
- Parts shall be cleaned with
acetone
- Parts shall be subjected to
100% humidity at 100oF for 24
hours
- No stains or rust must be visible
Salt Spray Test The specimen shall consists of samples
of parts that are submitted or
selected for acceptance inspection.
- Salt Spray Test for 2 hrs
- ASTM B117
Copper Sulfate
Test
The specimen shall consists of samples
of parts that are submitted or
selected for acceptance inspection.
- MIL-STD-753B
- Parts shall be cleaned with
acetone
- Parts then must be swabbed
with copper sulfate solution for
6 minutes
- Parts must not show copper
deposits
38. Passivation 4
E
Advantages
• Passivation process on plated surfaces reduces corrosion white rusting of
cadmium and zinc under humid conditions
• It helps to reduce the attack on both metals by certain vapors and organic
substances
• It improves the performances of subsequently applied parts
• It can remove sulfides exposed on the surface of free-machining stainless
alloys
• It can remove surface contamination, such as particles of iron-containing
shop dirt and iron particles from cutting tools that can form rust or act as
initiation sites for corrosion
40. Phosphation
Phosphation is a treatment process carried out on
iron and steel to provide coatings for the protection
of items against corrosion/rust or wear
4
F
Purpose
41. Phosphation 4
F
Types and Classes
According to DOD-P-16232 F:
I – Type M (Manganese Phosphate Base)
Class 1 : Supplementary Preservative Treatment or Coating
Class 2 : Supplementary Treatment with lubricating oil as per MIL-L-3150
Class 3 : No Supplementary Treatment
Class 4 : Chemically converted with no supplementary treatment
II – Type Z (Zinc Phosphate Base)
Class 1 : Supplementary Preservative Treatment or Coating
Class 2 : Supplementary Treatment with lubricating oil as per MIL-L-3150
Class 3 : No Supplementary Treatment
Class 4 : Chemically converted with no supplementary treatment
42. Phosphation 4
F
Process Tests
Test
Type
Applicable
Specimen Preparation Requirement Test method
Coating
Weight
M & Z
Specimen Panels:
(10to 100 sq. cm with AQL
1.8 % defective)
3.6
- Weight Balance
(Coating weight shall
be 16 gm /m2 & 11 gm
/ m2 for M & Z type
coatings respectively)
Coating
thickness
M 0.005 to 0.010 mm
6.6
- Coating thickness
gaugeZ 0.005 to 0.015 mm
Corrosion
Resistance
M & Z
Specimen Panels:
(10 TO 100 Sq cm)
3.6, 4.7.5
- Salt spray test for 72
hours
Surface
Finish
6.5
- Surface tester
(0.8 mm)
Adhesion
Resistance
6.5
- Grit size 320 or grade
1000 glass beads
43. Phosphation 4
F
Process Tests
Coating
Type
Material
Hardness
HRC
(Minimum)
Heat Treatment
Stage of
operation
Z
Alloy Steel
Carbon Steel
39
39
98 to 107 degree
for 8 hours or room
temperature for
120 hours
For both
coatings Heat
Treatment is
carried out after
coating but
before any
stressing
operation
M
Alloy Steel
Carbon Steel
39
39
Alloy Steel
Carbon Steel
39
39
163 ± 14 degree for
4 hours or room
temperature for
120 hours
Stress relief shall be given to all parts having minimum hardness value of 39
HRC (Rockwell c)
44. Phosphation 4
F
Process Tests
Coating System E24xposure Time Minimum
Type Class
Salt Spray
(Hours)
Springfield
Immersion Tests
(Minutes)
M
1 1-1/2
10
2 1-1/2
3 1-1/2
4 24
Z
1 2
2 2
3 2
4 24
Accelerated corrosion resistance requirements are as under:
45. Phosphation 4
F
Advantages
• Phosphation provides drastic protection of items against corrosion and
wear & tear
• It helps to reduce the attack on both metals by certain vapors and organic
substances
• It can remove surface contaminations, particles of iron-containing shop
dirt and iron particles from cutting tools that can form rust or act as
initiation sites for corrosion
• It also gives anti-war properties to sliding surfaces during continuous
running periods
47. References
• MIL-A-8625 F
• MIL-STD-171E
• ASTM B-766-86
• MIL-C-5541C
• MIL-DTL-16232G
• DEF-DTD-904
• L-10205B
• QQ-P-35 C
• ASTM B-633
• DOD-P-16232F
• Photos Taken from Flickr’s shares for commercial purpose. Special
Thanks to the people who shared.