The document outlines the importance of reconnaissance in hydrographic surveying, emphasizing the need for comprehensive site assessments to ensure effective and efficient surveys. It details various reconnaissance methods, objectives, and necessary preparations, highlighting the role of experienced surveyors in gathering critical data. Additionally, it discusses equipment requirements and considerations for tidal measurements and the logistical challenges in remote areas.

1. Reconnaissance for Hydrographic
Surveying Project
Student Name: Nzar Braim Omar
Class: 4th
Stage
Course Title: Hydrographic Surveying
Department: Geomatics (Surveying) Engineering
College of Engineering
Salahaddin University-Erbil
Academic Year 2019-2020

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Abstract
This report talks about how the reconnaissance will be and it is effectively
important the place that we survey and observation so the surveyor should
prepare himself or herself for the project visiting site and site survey and
planning and so on.
Observer visiting the site many times daily to see what is the situation and
the condition and booking his or her notes recording them such as is the site
ready to start the observation? Or is the site has safety to start? I mean replace
safety conditions and also must have collected all this information and
choose which instrument this site or this project and many other conditions
should be considered after all above that I have mentioned he or she decides
to start and beginning Project and surveying or not. This is the idea or this
the outline recognize.

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Table of Content
Subject page
Abstract …………………………………………………………….. 2
Table of Contents …………...……………………………………… 3
Introduction …………………………………………………............ 4
The Geodetic Reconnaissance ……………………………………… 6
Reconnaissance surveying using Satellite ………………………….. 7
Objective of Site Reconnaissance ………………………………….. 8
Preparation for Site Reconnaissance ………………………………. 8
Information gathering and preparation …………………………….. 9
Planning of preliminary site reconnaissance ……………………….. 9
Necessary equipment for preliminary site reconnaissance ………… 10
The Tidal Reconnaissance …………………………………………. 11
Conclusion …………………………………………………………. 12
Reference …………………………………………………………... 13

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Introduction
Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the
measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal
areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over
time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all
other marine activities, including economic development, security and
defense, scientific research, and environmental protection. (International
Hydrographic Organization), hydrographic surveys may be broadly
classified as:
• Reconnaissance or Class 3
• Project condition or design or Class 2
• Contract payment or Class 1
Reconnaissance as every project require a start-up plan to complete it
effectively and economically, reconnaissance has to be undergone. A
complete reconnaissance of whole survey area to choose the best way of
performing the survey.
Reconnaissance is needed prior to any survey to acquire the necessary
data to permit the best and most economical survey to be carried out.
The information collected should cater for the design, planning,
organization and observations of the proposed task. The reconnaissance
may be carried out immediately before the survey, or many months in
advance [1].
The reconnaissance is important; a bad one can result in wasted time and
effort later, when much more expensive assets are likely to be involved.

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It should also be complete because a poor reconnaissance will inevitably
result in a poor plan.
The surveyor called upon to do the reconnaissance should possess
experience, commonsense, a sound knowledge of all equipment available,
and have no preconceived ideas about the method by which the task will be
carried out. The actual observations can safely be left to less experienced
surveyors once the major decisions have been taken.

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The Geodetic Reconnaissance
The purposes of the reconnaissance can be summarized [1] as follows:
1. Establish local contacts in person.
2. Visit all proposed stations - select actual sites. Recover existing
control stations.
3. Confirm inter-visibilities.
4. Decide upon final network design (re-analyses if necessary).
5. Permanently mark geodetic stations.
6. Describe geodetic stations.
7. Prove the proposed observing plan (instruments/targets required).
Prepare detailed observing program.
8. Prove the administrative plan for the main survey, amend as
necessary.
For each new geodetic station, the following information will be
required:
1. Accessibility by road, rail, boat, foot or helicopter. Time for access
(e.g. on foot from road) and recommended route.
2. Visibility from station and requirements for any subsequent clearing.
3. Description of the station, magnetic bearings to other visible stations.
4. Photographs of the station, surroundings, and panoramic photos from
the station.
5. Local factors, customs etc.
6. Likely visibility and meteorological conditions.

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Reconnaissance surveying using Satellite
The reconnaissance survey is an extensive study of an entire area that might
be used for a road or airfield. Its purpose is to eliminate those routes or sites
which are impractical or unfeasible and to identify the more promising routes
or sites. Existing maps and aerial photographs may be of great help.
Figure 1: Reconnaissance surveying using Satellite-derived Bathymetry [2].

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Objective of Site Reconnaissance
The objective of site reconnaissance for micro-hydro is to investigate plant
sites and supply area in order to evaluate the feasibility of projects and get
information for electrification planning [3]. One of the most important
activities in site reconnaissance is to measure water discharge and head that
could be utilized for micro-hydro generation. Investigations of intake site,
waterway route, powerhouse site and transmission route etc. are also
conducted to assess the feasibility of project sites.
Power demand survey is also important in the planning of the electrification
system. Socio economic data such as number of households and public
facilities in supply area, availability of local industries that will use
electricity, solvency of local people for electricity, and the acceptability of
local people to the electrification scheme are gathered during the
reconnaissance survey.
Preparation for Site Reconnaissance
To achieve effective and fruitful site reconnaissance, it is important to
conduct preparation such as gathering of available information, and devise a
sufficient plan and schedule of survey activities in advance.

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Information gathering and preparation
As advance information, 1/50,000 topographic maps are prepared to check
the topography of the target site and villages, the catchment area, village’s
distribution and access road. More accurate information on site accessibility
could be collected by contacting local people concerned. Copies of 1/50,000
topographic maps and route maps enlarged by 200 to 400% are prepared for
the fieldwork. Check list and interview sheet are also prepared for each site
reconnaissance.
Planning of preliminary site reconnaissance
Although it may be required to deviate from original plan and schedule in
accordance with site conditions, it is important to make a sufficient plan and
schedule for site reconnaissance activities in advance. It is also necessary to
coordinate with local officials concerned to insure safety and successful
conduct of the reconnaissance activities. Since most micro-hydro sites are
located in mountainous and isolated areas, it requires longer time to conduct
site reconnaissance activities. Therefore, sufficient schedule should be
considered to have enough time for the fieldwork. Also, measurement and
other activities for site reconnaissance should be taken into account.
Figure 2: The mapping of bodies of water [4].

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A checklist or interview sheet should be prepared beforehand to efficiently
perform necessary activities of site reconnaissance.
Necessary equipment for preliminary site reconnaissance
Necessary equipment for preliminary site reconnaissance depends on
purpose and accuracy and site conditions. Basic equipment is as follows:
Note: (○) In table is necessary equipment for preliminary site
reconnaissance.
Figure 3: In table is necessary equipment for preliminary site reconnaissance.

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The Tidal Reconnaissance
Whenever possible it is advisable to use established or previously used tide
stations for commonality of data. When selecting a site for a tide gauge and
tide pole the following must be considered:
1. Ease of Erection Consider which is the easiest place to erect a tide
pole and gauge, some places are easier than Others, and some places
are impossible;
2. The Station Must Not Dry Out. The zero of the Tide Pole and Tide
Gauge pressure sensor should not dry out. If this is unavoidable a
secondary pole and gauge should be established below the level Of
the first gauge or pole;
3. Ease of Reading. The pole or gauge must be sited such that it can be
read at all times;
4. Security. Avoid situations where the tide pole and particularly the tide
gauge will be likely to be interfered with by the public, e.g. Fishing
boats berthing;
5. Shelter. The pole or gauge sensor should be sited away from the more
severe effects of weather sea and swell;
6. Protection. Ideally the tide gauge recorder should be placed in a
lockable building;
7. Proximity of Bench Marks. Select a station near to two benchmarks if
possible, to avoid time spent on long levelling runs;
8. Accessibility. If a tide watcher is employed, accommodation should
be close at hand. If a detached Boat Party is in operation the tide
station should be close to where the boat is moored, or close to the
tide party base.

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CONCLUSION
At the result of this report it shows that reconnaissance of the hydrographic
survey Project helps to find out recognizing and discovering all details about
the project site in order to control the site buy the surveyor and he or she can
knowing what she or he needs and all the equipment and the most important
thing is the time should be considered.
At The end surveyor should collected all information the purpose of making
a good surveying and a successful Project within a precise and an accurate
results.

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REFERENCES
[1]. International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), C-13, Chapter 7,
https://iho.int/en/capacity-building-
publications?fbclid=IwAR2bPLteXpsqjDAl4W2kwhMnLiK5XBiTDuGLOmB4BWjpF
WBqMp9Oo_6wn4Y
[2]. Website name: Surveying in water Hydro International
https://www.hydro-international.com/content/article/reconnaissance-surveying-using-
satellite-derived-bathymetry
[3]. Name book: Manual for Micro-hydro power Development, chapter 3,
https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/643/643/643_108_11737046.html
[4]. Name presentation: hydrographic Surveying
https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.mnsurveyor.com/resource/resmgr/imported/2
012-C6A-Brunkhorst-Hydrography-Presentation-handout.pdf