Recombinant viral vaccines are produced using recombinant DNA technology and have advantages over traditional vaccines like simpler production and quality control, and safety when viruses are oncogenic or cannot be cultured. However, recombinant vaccines may be less immunogenic than conventional vaccines and require an adjuvant as well as a primary injection course followed by booster vaccines. The fermentation process for producing vaccines involves selecting cell banks, growing cells in culture with controlled temperature, pH and prevention of contamination, then freeze-drying the cells for storage.

1. RECOMBINANT VIRAL VACCINES
BY MOHIT KOHLI

3. VACCINES:
Properties of ideal vaccine:
• Provide long lasting immunity
• Should induce both humoral and cellular immunity
• Should not induce autoimmunity or hypersensitivity
• Should be inexpensive to produce, easy to store and administer
• Vaccines must also be perceived to be safe
Types of vaccines:
• Killed Vaccines
• Live attenuated vaccines
• Subunit vaccines
• Conjugate vaccines
• Recombinant vaccines
• DNA vaccines
• Anti Idiotypic vaccines

6. Fermentation Process:
1. Selection of organisms and selection and storage of cell banks
2. Primary cell culture and Continuous cell lines
3. Selection of growth medium
4. Fermentation equipment
5. Temperature and pH control
6. Integrity of the system and control of contamination
7. Storage methods and the advantages of freeze-drying

8. Recombinant vaccines:
Advantages:
• Production and quality control simpler
• Not effected by other microbial proteins
• Safer in case where viruses are oncogenic
• Feasible in case where viruses cannot be cultured
Disadvantages:
• May be less immunogenic as compared to conventional vaccines
• Requires adjuvent
• Requires primary course of injection followed by vaccines