Recombinant viral vaccines
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Recombinant viral vaccines are produced using recombinant DNA technology and have advantages over traditional vaccines like simpler production and quality control, and safety when viruses are oncogenic or cannot be cultured. However, recombinant vaccines may be less immunogenic than conventional vaccines and require an adjuvant as well as a primary injection course followed by booster vaccines. The fermentation process for producing vaccines involves selecting cell banks, growing cells in culture with controlled temperature, pH and prevention of contamination, then freeze-drying the cells for storage.
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Vaccine production
This document discusses vaccines, including their history, types, production methods, and components. It explains that vaccines induce immunity by triggering an antibody response to antigens from weakened or killed disease-causing microorganisms. Vaccines are produced using live attenuated microbes, inactivated pathogens, recombinant DNA technology, or as mixtures targeting multiple diseases. Large-scale production involves growing microbes, inactivating or attenuating them, and adding stabilizers or adjuvants to the purified antigen formulations.
Recombinant Vaccines
Recombinant vaccines use genetic engineering techniques to produce antigens that induce protective immunity. They offer advantages over conventional vaccines like improved safety and defined composition. Recombinant vaccines work by inserting genes for antigens into vectors like viruses. This allows the vector to produce the antigen and elicit an immune response. They can target specific cells and induce immunity through multiple routes of administration. While live recombinant vaccines carry a risk of reversion, they elicit strong immune responses from just one or a few doses. Future areas of development include improved delivery methods and use of immunomodulators and plant expression systems.
Vaccine preparation part 2
The document discusses different types of vaccines including:
1. Killed/inactivated vaccines which use killed pathogens.
2. Live attenuated vaccines which use weakened live pathogens.
3. Subunit vaccines which use antigenic subunits of pathogens.
4. Peptide vaccines which are synthesized peptides or recombinantly produced.
5. Toxoid vaccines which use inactivated bacterial toxins.
6. Conjugate vaccines which combine weak polysaccharide antigens with strong protein carriers.
7. Recombinant vector vaccines which use attenuated viruses to deliver genetic material.
8. Anti-idiotypic vaccines which mimic pathogen epitopes to induce an immune response.
Traditional vaccine preparation
This document discusses different types of traditional vaccines, including inactivated, live attenuated, toxoid, and subunit vaccines. It provides details on how each type is prepared, such as using heat or chemicals to kill pathogens for inactivated vaccines and weakening live viruses for live attenuated vaccines. Both advantages and disadvantages are described for each approach. Specific examples like the polio, diphtheria, tetanus, and influenza vaccines are examined in more depth. The history of vaccine development from Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's variolation technique to Louis Pasteur's first live attenuated vaccine for chicken cholera is also reviewed.
Dsp of vaccine
The document discusses downstream processing of vaccines such as influenza and tetanus. It describes the key steps in downstream processing including clarification through filtration, diafiltration, chromatography for purification, and sterile filtration for formulation into the final vaccine product. Specific examples provided include the downstream processing of influenza vaccines produced in cell lines, which involves clarification, diafiltration, anion exchange chromatography, and sterile filtration. The production of tetanus toxoid vaccine is also summarized, outlining the steps of toxin production, detoxification, purification, addition of adjuvants and stabilizers, and final packaging.
Vaccine production
To synthesize a live attenuated vaccine, the disease-causing organism is grown under special laboratory conditions ,Vaccine production and purification
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINES AND RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN VACCINE
This document discusses synthetic peptide vaccines and recombinant antigen vaccines. It begins with definitions of vaccines and how they work to induce an immune response. It then describes two types of modern vaccines: synthetic peptide vaccines and recombinant antigen vaccines. Synthetic peptide vaccines use short fragments of viral or bacterial proteins that contain epitopes to induce an immune response, while recombinant antigen vaccines produce antigens through DNA technology by inserting viral or bacterial DNA into cells that then express the antigen protein. Both types of modern vaccines offer advantages over traditional vaccines like easier production and stability without refrigeration.
Moderane vaccine presentation
The document discusses modern vaccine production. It describes the key steps in vaccine production which include selecting a strain for the vaccine, growing and isolating the microorganism, inactivating or attenuating the organism, formulating the vaccine by adding stabilizers and adjuvants, and performing quality control tests before distribution. The presentation provides details on each step and highlights modern approaches like using recombinant DNA technology, synthetic peptides, and viral-like particles to develop vaccines.
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Vaccine production
This document discusses vaccines, including their history, types, production methods, and components. It explains that vaccines induce immunity by triggering an antibody response to antigens from weakened or killed disease-causing microorganisms. Vaccines are produced using live attenuated microbes, inactivated pathogens, recombinant DNA technology, or as mixtures targeting multiple diseases. Large-scale production involves growing microbes, inactivating or attenuating them, and adding stabilizers or adjuvants to the purified antigen formulations.
Recombinant Vaccines
Recombinant vaccines use genetic engineering techniques to produce antigens that induce protective immunity. They offer advantages over conventional vaccines like improved safety and defined composition. Recombinant vaccines work by inserting genes for antigens into vectors like viruses. This allows the vector to produce the antigen and elicit an immune response. They can target specific cells and induce immunity through multiple routes of administration. While live recombinant vaccines carry a risk of reversion, they elicit strong immune responses from just one or a few doses. Future areas of development include improved delivery methods and use of immunomodulators and plant expression systems.
Vaccine preparation part 2
The document discusses different types of vaccines including:
1. Killed/inactivated vaccines which use killed pathogens.
2. Live attenuated vaccines which use weakened live pathogens.
3. Subunit vaccines which use antigenic subunits of pathogens.
4. Peptide vaccines which are synthesized peptides or recombinantly produced.
5. Toxoid vaccines which use inactivated bacterial toxins.
6. Conjugate vaccines which combine weak polysaccharide antigens with strong protein carriers.
7. Recombinant vector vaccines which use attenuated viruses to deliver genetic material.
8. Anti-idiotypic vaccines which mimic pathogen epitopes to induce an immune response.
Traditional vaccine preparation
This document discusses different types of traditional vaccines, including inactivated, live attenuated, toxoid, and subunit vaccines. It provides details on how each type is prepared, such as using heat or chemicals to kill pathogens for inactivated vaccines and weakening live viruses for live attenuated vaccines. Both advantages and disadvantages are described for each approach. Specific examples like the polio, diphtheria, tetanus, and influenza vaccines are examined in more depth. The history of vaccine development from Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's variolation technique to Louis Pasteur's first live attenuated vaccine for chicken cholera is also reviewed.
Dsp of vaccine
The document discusses downstream processing of vaccines such as influenza and tetanus. It describes the key steps in downstream processing including clarification through filtration, diafiltration, chromatography for purification, and sterile filtration for formulation into the final vaccine product. Specific examples provided include the downstream processing of influenza vaccines produced in cell lines, which involves clarification, diafiltration, anion exchange chromatography, and sterile filtration. The production of tetanus toxoid vaccine is also summarized, outlining the steps of toxin production, detoxification, purification, addition of adjuvants and stabilizers, and final packaging.
Vaccine production
To synthesize a live attenuated vaccine, the disease-causing organism is grown under special laboratory conditions ,Vaccine production and purification
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINES AND RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN VACCINE
This document discusses synthetic peptide vaccines and recombinant antigen vaccines. It begins with definitions of vaccines and how they work to induce an immune response. It then describes two types of modern vaccines: synthetic peptide vaccines and recombinant antigen vaccines. Synthetic peptide vaccines use short fragments of viral or bacterial proteins that contain epitopes to induce an immune response, while recombinant antigen vaccines produce antigens through DNA technology by inserting viral or bacterial DNA into cells that then express the antigen protein. Both types of modern vaccines offer advantages over traditional vaccines like easier production and stability without refrigeration.
Moderane vaccine presentation
The document discusses modern vaccine production. It describes the key steps in vaccine production which include selecting a strain for the vaccine, growing and isolating the microorganism, inactivating or attenuating the organism, formulating the vaccine by adding stabilizers and adjuvants, and performing quality control tests before distribution. The presentation provides details on each step and highlights modern approaches like using recombinant DNA technology, synthetic peptides, and viral-like particles to develop vaccines.
Vaccines
1. Vaccination involves administering an antigen to elicit an antibody response and protect against future infections. Jenner pioneered vaccination by inoculating cowpox to stimulate immunity against smallpox.
2. There are three main types of vaccines - those using dead or weakened pathogens, live attenuated pathogens, and purified components or antigens of pathogens. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine uses the hepatitis B surface antigen protein produced in yeast cells.
3. Oral cholera vaccine is composed of an attenuated Vibrio cholerae strain genetically modified to delete the gene encoding the toxic A1 peptide of the cholera toxin. This renders the strain safe for use as a live vaccine.
Vaccines ppt
The document discusses different types of vaccines including active and passive immunization. It describes various vaccine types such as live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, conjugate vaccines, recombinant vector vaccines, and DNA vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines provide lifelong immunity but carry a risk of becoming virulent again. Inactivated vaccines are less risky but require booster shots. Subunit vaccines and conjugate vaccines target specific antigens but were harder to produce initially. Recombinant vector vaccines and DNA vaccines use genetic engineering techniques to produce vaccines.
Vaccine production somia
Vaccines provide active acquired immunity against diseases. They are produced by growing pathogens like viruses or bacteria under controlled conditions to attenuate them. The antigens are then purified, formulated by adding ingredients like adjuvants, stabilizers and preservatives, and packaged. Producing vaccines involves generating the antigen, isolating and purifying it, formulation, and packaging in sterile vials following quality controls to ensure safety and efficacy.
Bacterial vaccines
This document discusses the preparation of bacterial vaccines. It describes the key steps involved in producing killed bacterial vaccines such as selection of the bacterial strain, growth of bacteria in culture, inactivation of the bacteria through heat or chemicals, standardization, formulation, and storage. The document also discusses the preparation of live attenuated bacterial vaccines, using the BCG vaccine as an example. Key steps for BCG preparation include attenuation of the bacteria by repeated subculture, growth in liquid medium, harvesting and freeze drying the bacteria, and standardization based on viable cell counts.
Vaccines
This document defines vaccines as preparations made from weakened or killed pathogens that induce antibody formation and immunity. It describes three main types of vaccines: killed, live attenuated, and toxoids. The preparation, quality control, storage, and examples of common vaccines are outlined. Genetic engineering allows large-scale production of pathogen-derived polypeptides as subunit vaccines with advantages over traditional methods. Quality is ensured through testing for sterility, toxicity, and maximum levels of preservatives. Vaccines must be stored between 2-8°C and below -20°C if freeze-dried.
Vaccine preparation part 1 ppt
The document outlines the general methods used for vaccine production, which includes 5 main steps: 1) generating the antigen by growing pathogens, 2) releasing and isolating the antigen from growth materials, 3) purifying the antigen using various separation techniques, 4) adding other components like adjuvants and preservatives, 5) packaging the vaccine for distribution while protecting it and the environment. Vaccines work by improving immunity but may not guarantee full protection against disease.
Vaccine Production
Vaccine production involves growing viruses or bacteria and isolating antigens, purifying the antigens, inactivating pathogenic components, formulating the vaccine by adding adjuvants and preservatives, filling doses into syringes or vials, testing and releasing batches, and packaging and shipping with temperature monitoring to ensure vaccines remain effective. Vaccines are significant as they reduce global child mortality and provide life-saving immunization against deadly diseases worldwide.
Biotechnology presentation
1. Biotechnology applications can help in the discovery of new vaccines through recombinant DNA technology. This allows for the production of recombinant protein vaccines and DNA vaccines.
2. Recombinant protein vaccines involve isolating the gene for an immunogenic protein, expressing it in a host organism to produce the protein, which is then purified and used in a vaccine. DNA vaccines use the isolated gene itself as the vaccine.
3. While biotechnology offers advantages like safety and immune response, developing new vaccines faces challenges like high costs, storage requirements, and producing vaccines for diseases with many variable strains. Extensive research and testing is still required.
Synthetic vaccine research and development
Life Technologies (now Thermo Fisher Scientific) combines next-generation sequencing, in silico gene design and synthesis, synthetic biology products, and manufacturing capabilities to form a comprehensive synthetic vaccine development workflow.
Vaccines in biotechnology
This document provides an overview of biotechnology applications for the discovery of vaccines. It discusses different types of recombinant vaccines including recombinant protein vaccines and DNA vaccines. It describes the steps involved in producing a new vaccine, including generating the antigen, isolating and purifying the antigen, adding other components, and packaging. It also discusses some restrictions to discovering new vaccines such as the variety of influenza virus strains. The document concludes that biotechnology plays a major role in producing new vaccines that are tested, measured, cheaper and based on nanotechnology.
Vaccines and its types
This document discusses different types of vaccines. There are three main types: whole organism vaccines, purified vaccines, and DNA vaccines. Whole organism vaccines use weakened or killed pathogens and can be attenuated (like measles and polio vaccines) or inactivated. Purified vaccines use isolated components of pathogens like capsular polysaccharides or toxins. DNA vaccines introduce DNA sequences that cause the body to produce antigens and activate an immune response. The document provides examples and details on each type of vaccine.
Viral vaccines
Viral vaccines use either live attenuated or killed viruses to stimulate the immune system and prevent infectious viral diseases. There are two main types - live attenuated vaccines contain weakened live viruses that can replicate in the body to induce an immune response, often with just one dose, while inactivated vaccines use killed viruses or viral components that do not replicate but typically require multiple doses to be effective. Common examples of each type include measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines for live attenuated, and hepatitis A, influenza and polio vaccines for inactivated.
New generation vaccines production
vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
HISTORY OF VACCINES-
EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
A vaccine for RABIES is developed by LOUIS PASTEUR .
Vaccine for COLERA and TYPHOID were developed in 1896 and PLAGE vaccine in 1887.
The first DIPHTHERIA vaccine is developed in about 1913 by EMIL ADOLPH BEHRING,WILLIAM HALLOCK PARK.
The whole cell PERTUSIS vaccines are developed in 1914.
A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
Vaccines
Vaccines work by activating the immune system through active immunization with live attenuated or killed pathogens. They provide long term immunity through memory B and T cells. Common types include killed/inactivated, attenuated, toxoid, recombinant, and DNA vaccines. Vaccines are manufactured through in vivo, in vitro, or chemical synthesis methods. Potential risks include vaccine strain infection, superantigen effects, and allergic reactions.
Vero cells for vaccine production
This document provides information on Vero cells and their use for vaccine production. It discusses that Vero cells were originally derived from African green monkey kidney cells. The document outlines that Vero cells are commonly used in research and for propagating viruses and assessing chemical effects. It also summarizes that Vero cells have been approved for production of vaccines for rotavirus, polio, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, and influenza. The document discusses culture methods for Vero cells including maintenance, subculture, cryopreservation, and growth in microcarriers. It provides examples of specific Vero cell-produced vaccines for rotavirus, Japanese encephalitis, and rabies.
Viral vaccines 2
Viral vaccines can be inactivated or live attenuated. Inactivated vaccines use killed whole viruses or purified components to stimulate immunity without risk of infection. Live attenuated vaccines mimic natural infection to induce both cellular and antibody immunity through mucosal routes. Examples include oral polio, MMR, varicella, yellow fever, and rotavirus vaccines. Newer approaches include DNA, RNA, viral vector, subunit, peptide, and virus-like particle vaccines. Passive immunization transfers purified antibodies from human or animal sources to provide short-term protection against specific viruses.
Vaccine Production - BUGEMA UNIVERSITY
Vaccines are today's way of preventing so many virulent diseases that are almost holding humanity captive. This presentation will walk you through the definition of what a vaccine is up until how it is produced.
The presentation talks briefly about immunization as well as giving a brief background of how vaccine production came into being.
Lastly, the presentation will talk about the process of vaccine production, step by step.
Vaccine and immunization
Vaccines work by exposing the immune system to antigens from a pathogen. This triggers the production of antibodies and memory cells that can recognize and quickly eliminate the pathogen if exposed in the future. There are several types of vaccines, including those using whole inactivated or attenuated pathogens, as well as newer subunit and vector vaccines that deliver just the antigenic components. Vaccine development and approval is a rigorous process to ensure safety and efficacy.
Vaccine production techniques
This PPT is including all material regarding vaccine production techniques and different steps of production technique.
Nano Adjuvant - Creative Biolabs
This slide is a brief introduction of Nano-adjuvant. This presentation includes the introduction of Nano-adjuvant, advantages of nano-adjuvant, types of Nano-adjuvant, the prospect of Nano-adjuvant, and the vaccine services of creative-biolabs.
BTG 708 VACCINE PRODUCTION.pptx
Vaccines are tiny fragments of the disease-causing organism or the blueprints for making the tiny fragments. They contain other ingredients to keep the vaccine safe and effective.
recombinant vaccines.pptx
Recombinant DNA technology allows for the creation of recombinant viral vector vaccines. These vaccines use an attenuated viral vector to deliver foreign genes from a pathogen and induce an immune response against the pathogen. Recombinant vaccines have advantages over conventional vaccines like defined composition, safety since they use non-pathogenic vectors, and the potential for a single vaccine against multiple diseases. However, challenges remain in ensuring the viral vectors do not regain virulence and in the immune response against the viral delivery system. Future areas of development include improved vaccine delivery methods and the use of immunomodulators to enhance vaccine efficacy.
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Vaccines
1. Vaccination involves administering an antigen to elicit an antibody response and protect against future infections. Jenner pioneered vaccination by inoculating cowpox to stimulate immunity against smallpox.
2. There are three main types of vaccines - those using dead or weakened pathogens, live attenuated pathogens, and purified components or antigens of pathogens. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine uses the hepatitis B surface antigen protein produced in yeast cells.
3. Oral cholera vaccine is composed of an attenuated Vibrio cholerae strain genetically modified to delete the gene encoding the toxic A1 peptide of the cholera toxin. This renders the strain safe for use as a live vaccine.
Vaccines ppt
The document discusses different types of vaccines including active and passive immunization. It describes various vaccine types such as live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, conjugate vaccines, recombinant vector vaccines, and DNA vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines provide lifelong immunity but carry a risk of becoming virulent again. Inactivated vaccines are less risky but require booster shots. Subunit vaccines and conjugate vaccines target specific antigens but were harder to produce initially. Recombinant vector vaccines and DNA vaccines use genetic engineering techniques to produce vaccines.
Vaccine production somia
Vaccines provide active acquired immunity against diseases. They are produced by growing pathogens like viruses or bacteria under controlled conditions to attenuate them. The antigens are then purified, formulated by adding ingredients like adjuvants, stabilizers and preservatives, and packaged. Producing vaccines involves generating the antigen, isolating and purifying it, formulation, and packaging in sterile vials following quality controls to ensure safety and efficacy.
Bacterial vaccines
This document discusses the preparation of bacterial vaccines. It describes the key steps involved in producing killed bacterial vaccines such as selection of the bacterial strain, growth of bacteria in culture, inactivation of the bacteria through heat or chemicals, standardization, formulation, and storage. The document also discusses the preparation of live attenuated bacterial vaccines, using the BCG vaccine as an example. Key steps for BCG preparation include attenuation of the bacteria by repeated subculture, growth in liquid medium, harvesting and freeze drying the bacteria, and standardization based on viable cell counts.
Vaccines
This document defines vaccines as preparations made from weakened or killed pathogens that induce antibody formation and immunity. It describes three main types of vaccines: killed, live attenuated, and toxoids. The preparation, quality control, storage, and examples of common vaccines are outlined. Genetic engineering allows large-scale production of pathogen-derived polypeptides as subunit vaccines with advantages over traditional methods. Quality is ensured through testing for sterility, toxicity, and maximum levels of preservatives. Vaccines must be stored between 2-8°C and below -20°C if freeze-dried.
Vaccine preparation part 1 ppt
The document outlines the general methods used for vaccine production, which includes 5 main steps: 1) generating the antigen by growing pathogens, 2) releasing and isolating the antigen from growth materials, 3) purifying the antigen using various separation techniques, 4) adding other components like adjuvants and preservatives, 5) packaging the vaccine for distribution while protecting it and the environment. Vaccines work by improving immunity but may not guarantee full protection against disease.
Vaccine Production
Vaccine production involves growing viruses or bacteria and isolating antigens, purifying the antigens, inactivating pathogenic components, formulating the vaccine by adding adjuvants and preservatives, filling doses into syringes or vials, testing and releasing batches, and packaging and shipping with temperature monitoring to ensure vaccines remain effective. Vaccines are significant as they reduce global child mortality and provide life-saving immunization against deadly diseases worldwide.
Biotechnology presentation
1. Biotechnology applications can help in the discovery of new vaccines through recombinant DNA technology. This allows for the production of recombinant protein vaccines and DNA vaccines.
2. Recombinant protein vaccines involve isolating the gene for an immunogenic protein, expressing it in a host organism to produce the protein, which is then purified and used in a vaccine. DNA vaccines use the isolated gene itself as the vaccine.
3. While biotechnology offers advantages like safety and immune response, developing new vaccines faces challenges like high costs, storage requirements, and producing vaccines for diseases with many variable strains. Extensive research and testing is still required.
Synthetic vaccine research and development
Life Technologies (now Thermo Fisher Scientific) combines next-generation sequencing, in silico gene design and synthesis, synthetic biology products, and manufacturing capabilities to form a comprehensive synthetic vaccine development workflow.
Vaccines in biotechnology
This document provides an overview of biotechnology applications for the discovery of vaccines. It discusses different types of recombinant vaccines including recombinant protein vaccines and DNA vaccines. It describes the steps involved in producing a new vaccine, including generating the antigen, isolating and purifying the antigen, adding other components, and packaging. It also discusses some restrictions to discovering new vaccines such as the variety of influenza virus strains. The document concludes that biotechnology plays a major role in producing new vaccines that are tested, measured, cheaper and based on nanotechnology.
Vaccines and its types
This document discusses different types of vaccines. There are three main types: whole organism vaccines, purified vaccines, and DNA vaccines. Whole organism vaccines use weakened or killed pathogens and can be attenuated (like measles and polio vaccines) or inactivated. Purified vaccines use isolated components of pathogens like capsular polysaccharides or toxins. DNA vaccines introduce DNA sequences that cause the body to produce antigens and activate an immune response. The document provides examples and details on each type of vaccine.
Viral vaccines
Viral vaccines use either live attenuated or killed viruses to stimulate the immune system and prevent infectious viral diseases. There are two main types - live attenuated vaccines contain weakened live viruses that can replicate in the body to induce an immune response, often with just one dose, while inactivated vaccines use killed viruses or viral components that do not replicate but typically require multiple doses to be effective. Common examples of each type include measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines for live attenuated, and hepatitis A, influenza and polio vaccines for inactivated.
New generation vaccines production
vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
HISTORY OF VACCINES-
EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
A vaccine for RABIES is developed by LOUIS PASTEUR .
Vaccine for COLERA and TYPHOID were developed in 1896 and PLAGE vaccine in 1887.
The first DIPHTHERIA vaccine is developed in about 1913 by EMIL ADOLPH BEHRING,WILLIAM HALLOCK PARK.
The whole cell PERTUSIS vaccines are developed in 1914.
A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
Vaccines
Vaccines work by activating the immune system through active immunization with live attenuated or killed pathogens. They provide long term immunity through memory B and T cells. Common types include killed/inactivated, attenuated, toxoid, recombinant, and DNA vaccines. Vaccines are manufactured through in vivo, in vitro, or chemical synthesis methods. Potential risks include vaccine strain infection, superantigen effects, and allergic reactions.
Vero cells for vaccine production
This document provides information on Vero cells and their use for vaccine production. It discusses that Vero cells were originally derived from African green monkey kidney cells. The document outlines that Vero cells are commonly used in research and for propagating viruses and assessing chemical effects. It also summarizes that Vero cells have been approved for production of vaccines for rotavirus, polio, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, and influenza. The document discusses culture methods for Vero cells including maintenance, subculture, cryopreservation, and growth in microcarriers. It provides examples of specific Vero cell-produced vaccines for rotavirus, Japanese encephalitis, and rabies.
Viral vaccines 2
Viral vaccines can be inactivated or live attenuated. Inactivated vaccines use killed whole viruses or purified components to stimulate immunity without risk of infection. Live attenuated vaccines mimic natural infection to induce both cellular and antibody immunity through mucosal routes. Examples include oral polio, MMR, varicella, yellow fever, and rotavirus vaccines. Newer approaches include DNA, RNA, viral vector, subunit, peptide, and virus-like particle vaccines. Passive immunization transfers purified antibodies from human or animal sources to provide short-term protection against specific viruses.
Vaccine Production - BUGEMA UNIVERSITY
Vaccines are today's way of preventing so many virulent diseases that are almost holding humanity captive. This presentation will walk you through the definition of what a vaccine is up until how it is produced.
The presentation talks briefly about immunization as well as giving a brief background of how vaccine production came into being.
Lastly, the presentation will talk about the process of vaccine production, step by step.
Vaccine and immunization
Vaccines work by exposing the immune system to antigens from a pathogen. This triggers the production of antibodies and memory cells that can recognize and quickly eliminate the pathogen if exposed in the future. There are several types of vaccines, including those using whole inactivated or attenuated pathogens, as well as newer subunit and vector vaccines that deliver just the antigenic components. Vaccine development and approval is a rigorous process to ensure safety and efficacy.
Vaccine production techniques
This PPT is including all material regarding vaccine production techniques and different steps of production technique.
Nano Adjuvant - Creative Biolabs
This slide is a brief introduction of Nano-adjuvant. This presentation includes the introduction of Nano-adjuvant, advantages of nano-adjuvant, types of Nano-adjuvant, the prospect of Nano-adjuvant, and the vaccine services of creative-biolabs.
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BTG 708 VACCINE PRODUCTION.pptx
Vaccines are tiny fragments of the disease-causing organism or the blueprints for making the tiny fragments. They contain other ingredients to keep the vaccine safe and effective.
recombinant vaccines.pptx
Recombinant DNA technology allows for the creation of recombinant viral vector vaccines. These vaccines use an attenuated viral vector to deliver foreign genes from a pathogen and induce an immune response against the pathogen. Recombinant vaccines have advantages over conventional vaccines like defined composition, safety since they use non-pathogenic vectors, and the potential for a single vaccine against multiple diseases. However, challenges remain in ensuring the viral vectors do not regain virulence and in the immune response against the viral delivery system. Future areas of development include improved vaccine delivery methods and the use of immunomodulators to enhance vaccine efficacy.
Vaccine delivery system
Contents
IntroductionWhat are vaccine?
History of vaccineIdeal properties of vaccine.
Mechanism of vaccine
Types of vaccineUptake of antigen
Single shot vaccine
Mucosal delivery vaccine
Transdermal delivery vaccineReferences
Vaccine
This document presents information about vaccines. It begins with a brief introduction defining a vaccine as a biological preparation that provides immunity against a disease. The history section then discusses how Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in 1796 and how Louis Pasteur later developed vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax in the 1880s. The document goes on to describe the main types of vaccines as live attenuated, killed/inactivated, toxoid, subunit, conjugate, DNA, and recombinant vector vaccines. It also provides examples of diseases each vaccine type is used for and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.
Biotechnological aspects of product development
This document discusses biotechnological product development. It explains that biotechnology uses biological systems to develop technologies and products for improving quality of life. Biotech drugs, also called biopharmaceuticals, are manufactured using living expression systems and differ physically from small molecule drugs. The development process involves isolating a gene of interest, transferring it to an expression vector, transforming host cells, growing the cells, and purifying the protein product. Quality control measures like sterility testing and viral/bacterial decontamination are crucial given biotech drugs cannot be sterilized as end products.
Viruses and vaccine production
viral vaccine production basics and manufacturing basics involved in development in research. Cell lines and characteristics of cell substrates and mode of operation useful for increased cell density. Basics of vaccine types and their features.
Vaccine production techniques.pptx
Vaccines are produced through a multi-step process involving growing pathogens under controlled conditions, isolating and purifying antigens, and formulating the vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines are made by weakening pathogens through special growth conditions. Inactivated vaccines are produced by killing pathogens through chemicals or heat. Recombinant vaccines involve expressing pathogen genes in host cells to produce antigens. Strict quality controls ensure vaccine safety and efficacy.
Vaccine and Vaccination
Vaccine
Definition
History
Requirements for good immune response
Ideal characteristics of vaccine
Types
Adjuvants
Advantages & disadvantages
Comparison between live & killed vaccine
vaccines-23.pptx
Vaccine development is a long process that takes 18-20 years and involves exploratory, preclinical, clinical, approval, and pharmacovigilance stages. There are several types of vaccines including inactivated, live-attenuated, mRNA, subunit/recombinant, toxoid, and viral vector vaccines. Each type is designed to teach the immune system to fight specific germs and diseases in different ways depending on factors like how the immune system responds and the best technology approach. Vaccination involves getting the vaccine dose while immunization is the full process of getting vaccinated and gaining immunity against a disease.
Applications of Biotechnology in Animal Health
Applications of Biotechnology in Animal Health
Biotechnology tools and products are useful in animal health research, agriculture, and veterinary medicine. Some key applications include:
1. Biotechnology-derived veterinary vaccines like recombinant vaccines which use genetic engineering to produce antigens without infectious agents. DNA vaccines are another type that use only DNA from pathogens.
2. Veterinary diagnostic systems using techniques like DNA/RNA probes and PCR for fast, sensitive, and specific disease diagnosis directly from samples.
3. Biotechnology-derived therapeutics including gene-deleted vaccines which use genetically engineered pathogens lacking virulence genes to induce immunity safely.
Health care products
Health care productsKohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat- 26000 Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Antibiotics
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classification of antibiotics
1.3 Production of antibiotics
1.4 Mechanism of action
methods
2. Vaccine
2.1 Definition
2.2 Types of vaccines
2.3 Types of manufacturing
2.4 Mechanism of action Monoclonal antibodies
This document discusses monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are antibodies that are cloned from identical immune cells. mAbs are produced using hybridoma technology, which involves fusing antibody-producing immune cells with myeloma cells to produce immortal hybrid cell lines. These hybridomas can then be cultured to mass-produce mAbs with a single specificity. The document outlines the history, properties, production process including immunization, cell fusion and screening, and applications of mAbs in diagnostics and therapeutics. Specific examples of therapeutic mAbs are also provided.
Introduction to Vaccinology-1.pdf
Vaccines work by exposing the immune system to antigens from pathogens to induce an immune response. Major types include whole organism vaccines using live attenuated or killed pathogens, as well as purified components like toxoids, polysaccharides, and recombinant antigens. Current COVID-19 vaccines use viral vectors or genetic material to produce antigens and trigger protective immunity. Vaccines have saved millions of lives through immunization programs by conferring protection against viral and bacterial diseases.
FISH VACCINE
1. Vaccination in fish involves exposing them to non-pathogenic forms of microorganisms to stimulate protective immune responses. This process is referred to as vaccination.
2. When feasible, effective and safe, vaccination is one of the most cost-effective measures for controlling infectious disease in fish. Common fish vaccines include killed whole cell vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, and recombinant DNA vaccines.
3. Vaccine delivery methods include injection, immersion, and oral delivery using foods like Artemia. The duration of protection depends on the vaccine and may require booster doses. Vaccination is an important tool for disease control in commercial aquaculture.
42_16SMBEBT3_2020052005325631.ppt
This document provides information about vaccines and immunotechnology. It begins with an introduction to vaccines, defining them as preparations used to prevent disease by inducing an immune response. It then discusses the key properties of good vaccines and different types of vaccines including live, killed, subunit, and recombinant vaccines. The document specifically focuses on recombinant vaccines, noting their advantages over conventional vaccines and discussing viral vectors used to deliver genes encoding antigens. It concludes by discussing future developments and providing references.
Basic Vaccinology: Why Vaccines Work or Don't Work
Dr. Dan Grooms presented this information for DAIReXNET on January 13th, 2014. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
Conventional and genomic vaccines
Dr/ Ahmed Abdellatif
Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Pharmacy,
- Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Al-Azhar University, Egypt.
Cultivation of virus
This document discusses techniques for cultivating viruses. It explains that viruses require living host cells to replicate and describes three main cultivation methods: animal inoculation, embryonated egg inoculation, and tissue culture. Animal inoculation involves infecting animals like mice to isolate and study viruses, but it is expensive and raises welfare issues. Embryonated egg inoculation is commonly used to grow viruses by inoculating eggs at specific sites, and it is cost-effective but each virus grows at different sites. Tissue culture uses cell monolayers and is versatile but requires specialized facilities and technicians. The document provides details on each technique's advantages, disadvantages and applications.
Vaccinology lecture ppt
Vaccinology .in this lecture include how vaccine are produced how it is work definition mechanism etc
Biopharmaceutical Products, GMP, Manufacturing Facilities for Biopharmaceuticals
Describes various biopharma products, a brief view about GMP in pharmaceuticals and the manufacturing facilities used
Similar to Recombinant viral vaccines (20)
Basic Vaccinology: Why Vaccines Work or Don't Work
Basic Vaccinology: Why Vaccines Work or Don't Work
Biopharmaceutical Products, GMP, Manufacturing Facilities for Biopharmaceuticals
Biopharmaceutical Products, GMP, Manufacturing Facilities for Biopharmaceuticals
More from Mohit Kohli
Vitamin b12
Vitamin B12 is produced commercially through fermentation using various microorganisms. Key points:
- Vitamin B12 was first isolated from Streptomyces griseus cultures in 1948. Propionibacterium shermanii and Pseudomonas denitrificans are commonly used today.
- Production involves growing the microorganisms in nutrient-rich media supplemented with cobalt salts. Fermentation lasts 3-4 days for Streptomyces and longer for other microbes.
- Vitamin B12 is then extracted from the microbial cells through various treatments like alcohol, heat, or acidification. The clear fluid is concentrated to recover crystalline vitamin B12.
Tetracyclin
Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria through fermentation. It works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. The document outlines the production of tetracycline through fermentation, including the use of Streptomyces bacteria, basic media components, fermentation parameters like temperature and pH, and the growth phases. It also describes the isolation, purification, and recovery processes to obtain the purified form of tetracycline, including filtration, adsorption, precipitation, and crystallization steps. Large scale bioreactors made of stainless steel with agitation and aeration systems are commonly used for fermentation.
Streptomycin
The document summarizes the production of the antibiotic streptomycin. It was discovered in 1944 from the soil bacterium Streptomyces griseus and was the first effective treatment for tuberculosis. It is produced through submerged fermentation using mutants of S. griseus over 5-7 days. The fermentation proceeds through growth, idiophase of maximum streptomycin production, and death phases. Streptomycin is then purified from the broth using cation exchange resin columns and further processed to remove impurities, concentrated, and dried. Process details such as optimized media, fermentor corrosion, and recovery using weak acid cation exchange resin are also outlined.
Sauerkraut
Sauerkraut is finely cut cabbage that is fermented by various lactic acid bacteria, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus pentoaceticus. The fermentation process sour's the cabbage and gives it a long shelf life. Sauerkraut is recommended for treatment of overweight, metabolic disorders, and detoxification. To make sauerkraut, shredded cabbage is packed in a container with salt added which draws out juice for microbial fermentation. Proper temperature, salt levels, and starter cultures are needed to ensure consistent high quality fermentation.
Riboflavin
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin. Deficiency can lead to poor growth and health issues, and in extreme cases death. It can be produced through fermentation or chemical synthesis. The fermentation process involves using microorganisms like fungi or bacteria to produce riboflavin. The production process involves growing the microorganisms in a nutrient-rich media and harvesting the riboflavin after fermentation. Physico-chemical parameters and media components are optimized to maximize riboflavin yield through fermentation.
Recombinant insulin
Recombinant human insulin was first produced in 1981 using recombinant DNA technology. The gene for human insulin was inserted into E. coli bacteria using a vector, which then produced human insulin. The recombinant human insulin, called Humulin, was produced by Eli Lily and consists of two amino acid chains linked by disulfide bonds, mimicking natural insulin. The recombinant insulin is purified from growth media containing minerals, glycerol, and trace elements by immobilized metal affinity chromatography.
Metabolites from plant cell culture
The document discusses production of metabolites from plant cell cultures. It describes 7 aspects of the production process including selection of cell lines and analysis of secondary metabolites. Major advantages of cell cultures are production under controlled conditions and extraction of organic substances from callus cultures. Various techniques for secondary metabolite production are also outlined such as organ cultures, precursor addition, elicitation, hairy root cultures, and bioreactors. Examples of secondary metabolites produced include taxol, morphine, codeine, and berberine. Metabolic engineering approaches can improve productivity and decrease catabolism.
Beta carotenoids
Beta carotene is an important carotenoid used as a natural colorant and precursor to vitamin A. It has antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. Beta carotene can be produced through biotechnological processes using microorganisms like fungi, yeast, bacteria, and algae. These production methods offer benefits over extraction from plants like lower costs and replacing synthetic colorants. Key factors that influence microbial beta carotene production include carbon source, temperature, aeration, metal ions, and light exposure. Downstream processing after fermentation is also important to recover intracellular beta carotene.
DNA microarray ppt
DNA microarrays allow scientists to measure gene expression levels across large numbers of genes simultaneously. A DNA microarray consists of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. There are five main steps to performing a microarray: sample preparation and labeling, hybridization, washing, image acquisition, and data analysis. Microarrays use the principle of hybridization between complementary DNA strands, where fluorescent labeled target sequences bind to probe sequences on the array, generating signals to measure expression levels. Microarrays have applications in gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicological research.
Miyawaki methodology
The Miyawaki methodology selects native tree species over exotic species for an area, as native trees have a greater capability of creating a self-sustaining ecosystem in that local area. It was developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki and focuses on planting native rather than foreign tree species in a particular location.
Gas chromatography
Gas chromatography (GC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analysing compounds that can be vaporised without decomposition.
Cancer chemoprevention
Cancer chemoprevention uses natural or laboratory-made substances to prevent cancer from developing. It is typically used by people at higher risk of cancer, such as those with a family history or previous cancer. Some chemopreventive agents studied include tamoxifen, raloxifene, aspirin and other NSAIDs. While chemoprevention may lower cancer risk, it also carries risks of side effects that must be weighed against the individual's cancer risk. Clinical trials test chemopreventive agents' safety and efficacy in delaying or preventing cancer. Targeted drug delivery seeks to concentrate medication in tissues of interest while reducing side effects by specifically targeting cancer cells over normal cells. Strategies include passive,
Slangs
This document defines and discusses the characteristics of slang. Slang is highly colloquial language that is not considered standard or formal. It is used informally among small groups and subcultures. Slang is imaginative, colorful, and variable depending on region, gender, and time period. It originates from subcultures and mass media, and is created through playing with words like rhyming, shortening, borrowing from other languages, and changing spellings. People use slang for fun, to be creative or shocking, to identify with groups, and sometimes to exclude others.
More from Mohit Kohli (13)
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsThe binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingComparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Recently uploaded (20)
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Recombinant viral vaccines
- 1. RECOMBINANT VIRAL VACCINES BY MOHIT KOHLI
- 3. VACCINES: Properties of ideal vaccine: • Provide long lasting immunity • Should induce both humoral and cellular immunity • Should not induce autoimmunity or hypersensitivity • Should be inexpensive to produce, easy to store and administer • Vaccines must also be perceived to be safe Types of vaccines: • Killed Vaccines • Live attenuated vaccines • Subunit vaccines • Conjugate vaccines • Recombinant vaccines • DNA vaccines • Anti Idiotypic vaccines
- 6. Fermentation Process: 1. Selection of organisms and selection and storage of cell banks 2. Primary cell culture and Continuous cell lines 3. Selection of growth medium 4. Fermentation equipment 5. Temperature and pH control 6. Integrity of the system and control of contamination 7. Storage methods and the advantages of freeze-drying
- 8. Recombinant vaccines: Advantages: • Production and quality control simpler • Not effected by other microbial proteins • Safer in case where viruses are oncogenic • Feasible in case where viruses cannot be cultured Disadvantages: • May be less immunogenic as compared to conventional vaccines • Requires adjuvent • Requires primary course of injection followed by vaccines