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Recombinant DNA Technology
- 1. Recombinant DNA Technology PRESENTED BY:FATIMAH SNDH BIOTECHNOLGY ASSOCIATION
- 2. Definition of RecombinantDNA Technology A series of procedures used to recombine DNA segments. Under certain conditions, a recombinant DNA molecule can enter a cell and replicate.
- 3. History of RecombinantDNA Technology Recombinant DNA technology is one of the recent advances in biotechnology, which was developed by two scientists named Boyer and Cohen in 1973.
- 4. Basic principle The DNAis inserted into another DNA molecule called Vector The recombinant vector is then introduced into a host cell where it replicates itself, the gene is then produced
- 5. Basic Principle Of RecombinantDNA Technology
- 6. Applications Large-scale production ofhuman proteins by genetically engineered bacteria. Such as : insulin, Growth hormone, Interferons and Blood clotting factors (VIII & IX)
- 7. Production of HumanINSULIN • 1) Obtaining the Human Insulin Gene Human insulin gene can be obtained by making a complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for human insulin.
- 8. 2) Joining theHuman Insulin Gene into a Plasmid Vector The bacterial plasmids and the cDNA are mixed together. The human insulin gene (cDNA) is inserted into the plasmid through complementary base pairing at sticky ends.
- 9. 3) Introducing the RecombinantDNA Plasmids into Bacteria The bacteria E.coli is used as the host cell. If E. coli and the recombinant plasmids are mixed together in a test- tube.
- 10. 4) Selecting theBacteria which have taken up the correct piece of DNA The bacteria are spread onto nutrient agar. The agar also contains substances such as an antibiotic which allows growth of only transformed bacteria.
- 11. Gene Therapy forGenetic Diseases Still in the experimental stages, it may be possible to transfer the gene for normal adult hemoglobin into marrow stem cells of an individual with sickle-cell anemia. The goal is to promote the growth of enough cells to produce enough normal hemoglobin to alleviate the symptoms of sickle-cell anemia. One hundred percent (100%) is NOT required to attain the alleviation of symptoms.
- 12. Safety Issues inRelation to • As bacteria is commonly used in recombinant DNA work, there has always been a concern among scientists and a worry among people that there is a possibility that a clone of highly pathogenic recombinant bacteria were made by accident, then escaped from the laboratory and caused an epidemic for which no drugs were available. • Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) was established in 1974 in the United States, which responds to public concerns regarding the safety of manipulation of genetic material through the use of recombinant technology
- 13. Two Types ofcontainment control: Biological and physical Physical Containment Effective biological safety programs were operated in a variety of laboratories, which include a set of standard practices generally used in microbiological laboratories, and special procedures, equipment and laboratory installations that provide physical barriers of varying degrees.
- 14. Biological Containment In consideringbiological containment, the vector (plasmid, organelle, or virus) for the recombinant DNA and the host (bacterial, plant, or animal cell) in which the vector is propagated in the laboratory will be considered together. (i) survival of the vector in its host outside the laboratory, and (ii) transmission of the vector from the propagation host to other non- laboratory hosts.
- 15. Dangerous of DNA RecombinantTechnology It is always possible that an antibiotic- resistant plasmid could be accidentally incorporated into a dangerous pathogen with serious medical consequences.
- 16.