This lecture is presented by our volunteer Hina Nawaz, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health"
For video: https://youtu.be/W2hfl5_FaF8
Bacterial colonisation of the intestine has a major role in the post-natal development and maturation of the immune and endocrine systems. These processes are key factors underpinning central nervous system (CNS) signaling. Regulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, including that of the CNS. Moreover, there is now expanding evidence for the view that commensal organisms within the gut play a role in early programming and later responsivity of the stress system. Research has focused on how the microbiota communicates with the central nervous system (CNS) and thereby influences brain function. The routes of this communication are not fully elucidated but include neural, humoral, immune and metabolic pathways. This view is underpinned by studies in germ-free animals and in animals exposed to pathogenic bacterial infections, probiotic agents or antibiotic agents which indicate a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of mood, cognition, pain and obesity. Thus the concept of a microbiota-gut brain axis is emerging which suggests that modulation of the gut microflora may be a tractable strategy for developing novel therapeutics for complex stress-related CNS disorders where there is a huge unmet medical need.
The gut-brain axis (GBA) consists of bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous system, linking emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Recent advances in research have described the importance of gut microbiota in influencing these interactions.
What is gut microbiota? What is the influence of diet on the proper functioning of our gut microbiota? How does the gut-brain axis (GBA) influence the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain? Tune into this webinar to find out more about this timely topic.
Learning Objectives:
List the neurological and physiological connections that enable the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain
Identify lifestyle, dietary, and microbial influences on the flow and function of signaling molecules along the gut-microbiota-brain axis
Implement dietary regimens that target the gut and gastrointestinal microbiota to improve or maintain optimal physical and mental health
RDNs earn 1.0 CEU
Bacterial colonisation of the intestine has a major role in the post-natal development and maturation of the immune and endocrine systems. These processes are key factors underpinning central nervous system (CNS) signaling. Regulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, including that of the CNS. Moreover, there is now expanding evidence for the view that commensal organisms within the gut play a role in early programming and later responsivity of the stress system. Research has focused on how the microbiota communicates with the central nervous system (CNS) and thereby influences brain function. The routes of this communication are not fully elucidated but include neural, humoral, immune and metabolic pathways. This view is underpinned by studies in germ-free animals and in animals exposed to pathogenic bacterial infections, probiotic agents or antibiotic agents which indicate a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of mood, cognition, pain and obesity. Thus the concept of a microbiota-gut brain axis is emerging which suggests that modulation of the gut microflora may be a tractable strategy for developing novel therapeutics for complex stress-related CNS disorders where there is a huge unmet medical need.
The gut-brain axis (GBA) consists of bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous system, linking emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Recent advances in research have described the importance of gut microbiota in influencing these interactions.
What is gut microbiota? What is the influence of diet on the proper functioning of our gut microbiota? How does the gut-brain axis (GBA) influence the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain? Tune into this webinar to find out more about this timely topic.
Learning Objectives:
List the neurological and physiological connections that enable the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain
Identify lifestyle, dietary, and microbial influences on the flow and function of signaling molecules along the gut-microbiota-brain axis
Implement dietary regimens that target the gut and gastrointestinal microbiota to improve or maintain optimal physical and mental health
RDNs earn 1.0 CEU
The Gut-Brain Connection: An Inside Look at DepressionAugustin Bralley
During a recent Metametrix sponsored breakfast at the IFM Symposium in Hollywood, Florida, Dr. Todd LePine gave a compelling presentation entitled The Gut-Brain Connection: An Inside Look at Depression.
Presentation given at Eva Perry Library about the emerging information on the microbiome. Key highlights include definition of the microbiome, affect of microbiome on health, how to maintain a healthy/balanced microbiome.
Recent research suggests that a variety of lifestyle - especially dietary - changes influencing the integrity of gastrointestinal function may be driving at least some portion of the increased prevalence of illnesses of civilization, including neuropsychiatric problems, such as autism, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Alzheimer disease. One area of interest involves the relationship between the gut's microbiome (as well as the related functional integrity of the gastrointestinal tract) and mental health.
A review report on detailed study of research endeavours, undertaken on Human Microbiome, its composition, its implications, applications, disease and other role.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states.Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, Rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system S'eclairer
Dr Zahida Chaudnary talks with the students about nutrition, gut microbiomes, and nutrition as we look at diseases and how your body reacts to what you eat.
Check out the slideshow by itself here.
Want an audio version? Subscribe to our Podcast on iTunes!
Want to join us for the live discussion? Check out our Social Media in the noon hour every Monday as we sit down on Google Hangout OnAir! Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ to get updated with the link when we start!
The Gut-Brain Connection: An Inside Look at DepressionAugustin Bralley
During a recent Metametrix sponsored breakfast at the IFM Symposium in Hollywood, Florida, Dr. Todd LePine gave a compelling presentation entitled The Gut-Brain Connection: An Inside Look at Depression.
Presentation given at Eva Perry Library about the emerging information on the microbiome. Key highlights include definition of the microbiome, affect of microbiome on health, how to maintain a healthy/balanced microbiome.
Recent research suggests that a variety of lifestyle - especially dietary - changes influencing the integrity of gastrointestinal function may be driving at least some portion of the increased prevalence of illnesses of civilization, including neuropsychiatric problems, such as autism, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Alzheimer disease. One area of interest involves the relationship between the gut's microbiome (as well as the related functional integrity of the gastrointestinal tract) and mental health.
A review report on detailed study of research endeavours, undertaken on Human Microbiome, its composition, its implications, applications, disease and other role.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states.Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, Rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system S'eclairer
Dr Zahida Chaudnary talks with the students about nutrition, gut microbiomes, and nutrition as we look at diseases and how your body reacts to what you eat.
Check out the slideshow by itself here.
Want an audio version? Subscribe to our Podcast on iTunes!
Want to join us for the live discussion? Check out our Social Media in the noon hour every Monday as we sit down on Google Hangout OnAir! Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ to get updated with the link when we start!
From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms a...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Abstract
The human body hosts an enormous abundance and diversity of microbes, which perform a range of essential and beneficial functions. Our appreciation of the importance of these microbial communities to many aspects of human physiology has grown dramatically in recent years. We know, for example, that animals raised in a germ-free environment exhibit substantially altered immune and metabolic function, while the disruption of commensal microbiota in humans is associated with the development of a growing number of diseases. Evidence is now emerging that, through interactions with the gut– brain axis, the bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiome can also influence neural development, cognition and behaviour, with recent evidence that changes in behaviour alter gut microbiota composition, while modifications of the microbiome can induce depressive-like behaviours. Although an association between enteropathy and certain psychiatric conditions has long been recognized, it now appears that
gut microbes represent direct mediators of psychopathology. Here, we examine roles of gut microbiome in shaping brain development and neurological function, and the mechanisms by which it can contribute to mental illness. Further, we discuss how the insight provided by this new and exciting field of research can inform care and provide a basis for the design of novel, microbiota-targeted, therapies.
Current Paradigms to Explore the Gut Microbiota Linkage to Neurological Disor...Dr Varruchi Sharma
It has been suggested that an intricate communication link exists between the gut microbiota and the brain and its ability to modulate behaviour of an individual governing homeostasis. Metabolic activity of the microbiota is considered to be relatively constant in healthy individuals, despite diff erences in the composition of microbiota. The metabolites produced by gut microbiota and their homeostatic balance is often perturbed as a result of neurological complications. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to explore the link between gut microbiota and brain function and behaviour through neural, endocrine, and immune pathways. This current review focusses on the impact of altered gut microbiota on brain functions and how microbiome modulation by use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics might prove benefi cial in the prevention and/or treatment of neurological disorders. It is important to carefully understand the complex mechanisms underlying the gut–brain axis so as to use the gut microbiota as a therapeutic intervention strategy for neurological disorders.
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environmentfathi neana
An epigenome consists of a record of the chemical changes to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism. These changes can be passed down to an organism's offspring via transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Epigenetics, Gut microbiome and the Environment interplay like a vicious triad.
1- The epigenome is highly sensitive to external environment
2- The epigenome is highly sensitive to internal environment (Microbiome)
3- The microbiome (internal environment) is affected by the external environment
Care of the microbiome seems to be a personal issue but as it is affected by the external environment the issue must be global and a worldwide campaign have to be started.
Summary
Neurodevelopment is a complex process governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals. While historically studied by researching the brain, inputs from the periphery impact many neurological conditions. Indeed, emerging data suggests communication between the gut and the brain in anxiety,
depression, cognition and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The development of a healthy, functional brain depends on key pre- and post-natal events that integrate environmental cues, such as molecular signals from the gut. These cues largely originate from the microbiome, the consortium of symbiotic bacteria that reside within all animals. Research over the past few years reveals that the gut microbiome plays a role in basic neurogenerative processes such as the formation of the blood-brainbarrier, myelination, neurogenesis, and microglia maturation, and also modulates many aspects of animal behavior. Herein, we discuss the biological intersection of neurodevelopment and the microbiome, and explore the hypothesis that gut bacteria are integral contributors to development and function of the nervous system, and the balance between mental health and disease.
World Digestive Health Day 2024 and .pptxHasanQamar1
“World digestive Health Day advocates the necessity of a healthy diet in the promotion of optimal gastrointestinal function and microbiome health. The goal is to promote a healthy lifestyle and improve understanding of the importance of a healthy gastrointestinal (GI) tract”
The GI tract is an essential organ that provides nutrients, enhances the immune response, and houses the intestinal microbiota. Comprehending the normal functions of the GI tract and diet can help identify when to seek GI care for symptoms
Metabolomics: The Next Generation of Biochemistry Metabolon, Inc.
This brief eBook explores the benefits of incorporating the science of metabolomics into contemporary biology research as a stand-alone tool or as a compliment to genomics or other types of molecular biology research.
Gasbarrini A. Microbiota, Antibiotici e Probiotici in Gastroenterologia. ASMa...Gianfranco Tammaro
PROF. ANTONIO GASBARRINI - 3° Giornata Master ECM in Gastroenterologia 2016 (25/11/2016) - Fondazione Santa Lucia - Sala Congressi - Roma
Sito: www.asmad.net
Canale Youtube: https://youtu.be/ouYcXg_ZtJM
Sustainable Practices in Event ManagementSindhBiotech
The following presentation is presented by our intern, Lucky Qindeel Panhwar, from Phase 1 of the ongoing SBA Internship Program.
In the era of acute pollution and threatening social and environmental conditions, the utmost importance must be given to finding and applying 'green solutions'. Because such a basis will provide both ecological and economic sustainability while ensuring good social practices.
The important is that "Sustainable practices must be in action, not just in the mind".
Launching an event successfully hinges on thoughtful planning and execution. The
Implementation of strategies that prioritize eco-friendly catering, sustainable venues, and environmentally conscious promotions, is key to effective Sustainable Event Management.
For Youtube: https://youtu.be/ybPsyld3wlM?si=h9NM3PQfoyoWZKJQ
#GreenMarketing #SustainableEventsforSustainableSociety #EcoFriendlyApproaches #GreenCatering
#KarachiGreenMarathon
Potentials of Microfluids in Life Sciences: A Lab on a ChipSindhBiotech
Today marks the death anniversary of Mr. Werner Jacobi, the pioneering figure in microfluidics. While his initial focus was on microelectronics and semiconductor technology, he carved out a distinct path for microfluidics, diverging from his previous pursuits. His visionary approach continues to shape the trajectory of microfluidics research and its diverse applications in science and technology.
This lecture is presented by our team member and volunteer, Bushra Umer, from Volunteer Batch-V, 2023.
The lecture emphasizes the adoption of the "lab-on-a-chip" approach to ensure cost-effective and real-time experiments, underscoring the importance of developing such innovative techniques in today's modern arena.
For Video: https://youtu.be/ZF-c6k-F1RI
#wernerjacobi
#biotechnology
#technology
#lifesciences
#microfluidics
How Bio-inspired Plastic Outperforms Traditional Plastic: A Comparative AnalysisSindhBiotech
This presentation is brought to you by Bushra Umer, our team member and volunteer from Batch - V, 2023.
It highlights the significance of bioplastics, which outshine traditional plastics in sustainability and performance, paving the way for a cleaner, greener, and healthier planet.
Considering the ongoing environmental crisis, there is an urgent necessity to embrace such sustainable solutions to rescue Mother Earth from environmental calamities.
#Bioplastics #SustainableLiving #GreenRevolution #WorldEarthDay
Youtube Link: https://youtu.be/LFpYs_4N_1k
Common Genetic Disorders Prevailing in PakistanSindhBiotech
This Lecture is presented by our 2k23 volunteer and Content Presenter Zargull Sadein , she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Common Genetic Disorders Prevailing in Pakistan".
Youtube: https://youtu.be/16scqaB1yjk
The Revolutionary Progress of Artificial Inteligence (AI) in Health CareSindhBiotech
This Lecture is presented by our 2k23 volunteer Hina Nawaz, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "The Revolutionary Progress of Artificial Inteligence (AI) in Health Care".
Youtube: https://youtu.be/vhJRCj5ZgJc
Nanobots: Lecture on the Artificial BloodSindhBiotech
This Lecture is presented by our volunteer Laraib Elahi, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Nanobots: The Artificial Blood. "
For video: https://youtu.be/TsUgvOh6tOA
Decoding the Monkeypox Virus : From Discovery to PreventionSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Sajid Ali Shah, he is from Islamabad, Pakistan, and he is covering the topic Decoding the Monkeypox Virus : From Discovery to Prevention.
For video: https://youtu.be/-RT2UvTerBc
This Lecture is presented by our volunteer Abrar Hussain, he is from Karachi Pakistan, and he is covering The escence of research.
Youtube: https://youtu.be/CB0CY70K2go
The role of CRISPR CAS-9 in the treatment of HIVSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Sajid Ali Shah, he is from Islamabad, Pakistan, and he is covering The role of CRISPR CAS-9 in the treatment of HIV.
for video: https://youtu.be/c0gGdzKUACI
Developing Therapeutic Approaches For Emerging Viral DiseasesSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Zargul sadein, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Developing Therapeutic Approaches For Emerging Viral Diseases."
for video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcI89jpjbxc
unwinding the potentials of stem cellsSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Javeria Khan, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "unwinding the potentials of stem cells"
for video: https://youtu.be/GDC3RKwIACY
Designer babies : A Health Wonder Or an Ethical ErrorSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Laraib Elahi, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Designer babies : A Health Wonder Or an Ethical Error. "
For video: https://youtu.be/YGZQGL2QHuU
Personalized Medicines - Enhancers of Life's Quality and Their Future SindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Bushra Umer, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Personalized Medicines - Enhancers of Life's Quality and Their Future ".
For video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSrgJaBYuxg
Conceptual Understanding of Monoclonal Bodies Production via Hybirdoma Techno...SindhBiotech
This video is presented by our volunteer Mehwish Khan, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Monoclonal Bodies Production via Hybirdoma Technology"
for video: https://youtu.be/NilP7HIALvY
#Hybirdoma #antibody #monoclonalantibodies #biology #physiology #health #polyclonalantibody
Biosensors in Environmental MonitoringSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Bushra Umer, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Biosensors in Environmental Monitoring"
For video: https://youtu.be/DoO2Aw7bRrk
Regulation and Integration of MetabolismSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Hina Nawaz, she is from Karachi, Pakistan, and she is covering "Regulation and Integration of Metabolism"
for video: https://youtu.be/D2k-_f28TQA
Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approa...SindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Sajid Ali Shah, he is from Islamabad, Pakistan, and he is covering Dengue Virus: Genomic Insights, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approaches
for video: https://youtu.be/whrkkKR-NSY
#denguevirus #virology #virologist #genomics #covid19 #virus #pathogen #pathology #immunology
Gene environment interaction and its impact upon on human healthSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Zargull Sadein, she is from Karachi Pakistan, and she is covering Gene environment interaction and its impact upon on human health.
for video: https://youtu.be/97F1tR9jj5k
Genetic resources and conservation.pptxSindhBiotech
This lecture is presented by our volunteer Javeria Khan, she is from Karachi Pakistan, and she is covering Genetic resources and conservation topic.
for video: https://youtu.be/JZTA-Fe-WbI
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Table of contents
Disorders related to Gut
Dysbiosis
Crosstalk between Gut-Brain
axis
What is Gut Microbiome?
Introduction to Brain-The most
complex organ of the body
Enteric Nervous System:
Second brain of your
body
The Effects of Lifestyle on
Gut Microbiota
Composition
01
05
03
02
04
06
3.
4. Introduction to Brain-The most complex
organ of the body
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
5. What is Gut Microbiome ?
The microbes associated with human digestive-tract are referred to as the gut microbiome.
To date, there are more than 50 bacterial phyla has been detected in the human gut.
Microbial heterogeneity lie along the length of the GIT and it has been suggested that there is
a large number of variations existed in the composition of the microbiota in the transverse
section of intestine.
7. The gut microbiota pathways interact with brain through Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
(HPA axis) and autonomic nervous system (ANS). On the other hand vagus nerve and systemic
circulation microbiota-derived products, metabolites, neuroactive substances, gut hormones,
and inflammatory factors modulate the function of CNS.
Microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan precursors,
and metabolites may exert their central effects through interactions with host cells that express
the receptors located in various host tissues (including the gut, muscle, liver, pancreas, and
adipose tissues) or immune cells
11. Enteric nervous system (ENS) is composed of intestinal submucosal and myenteric
plexuses.
It may independently regulate intestinal digestive and absorptive function, and it is also
known as "the second brain" or gut brain
ENS is connected with CNS through the feedback pathway (brain-gut-axis) of
sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and peripheral primary sensory afferent
nerves to form the bidirectional brain-gut-axis, which may affect emotion, appetite and
behavioral states.
In addition to aiding the movement of the digestive tract’s contents, the ENS
also controls blood flow, mucous secretions and play an important role in immune
system.
12. Role of Gut Neurotransmitters
Neuroactive substances such as 5-HT, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA),
and tryptophan metabolites play important roles in the CNS
modulation.
These molecules could be synthesized and released by the gut
microbes.
For example, Candida and Escherichia can utilize tryptophan in food
and produce 5-HT, and Bacillus can produce dopamine.
13.
14.
15. Disorders related to Gut Dysbiosis
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Multiple sclerosis Anxiety
Depression
Irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS)
Autism spectrum
disorder
Schizophrenia
19. References
Bull, M. J., & Plummer, N. T. (2014). Part 1: The Human Gut Microbiome in Health
and Disease. Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 13(6), 17–22.
Li, J. H., Duan, R., Li, L., Wood, J. D., Wang, X. Y., Shu, Y., & Wang, G. D.
(2020). Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica], 72(3), 382–390.
Barbosa, P. M., & Barbosa, E. R. (2020). The gut brain-axis in neurological
diseases. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, 33, 528-536.
Sun, L. J., Li, J. N., & Nie, Y. Z. (2020). Gut hormones in microbiota-gut-brain cross-
talk. Chinese medical journal, 133(7), 826–833.
Chen, Y., Xu, J., & Chen, Y. (2021). Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut
Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders. Nutrients, 13(6),
2099.
