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Real time image processing in fpga

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Sneha Nidhi
Sneha Nidhi

The document summarizes a master's thesis presentation on real-time image processing using an Altera FPGA. It discusses using the FPGA to process high-resolution microscope images in real-time for feedback control. It presents the problem statement, theoretical background on FPGAs and image processing, and design and implementation of a system using the Altera Cyclone III FPGA board. The design implements a Nios II soft processor, video processing IP cores, and interfaces to DDR memory and DVI input/output. Future work focuses on improving system stability and migrating to the Zynq platform.

Education
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Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Master Thesis Presentation Real Time Image Processing in FPGA Using Altera VIP Suite By Sneha Nidhi Supervised by Pedro Guerra Gutiérrez, Ph.D. Prof. Andres Santos y Lleo May 2012
Overview of the Presentation Universidad Politecnica de Madrid  Problem Statement  Theoretical Background  Design Models and Implementation  Existing Reference Designs and Problems  Video Design with Cyclone III Board  System Synthesis  Future Work  Conclusion
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Problem Statement  Challenge ?? Framework: Real time analysis of biological samples : Anticipate and explain complex biological processes  Approach  High resolution 3D microscopes controlled via feedback  Problem faced??  High quality and increasing image size  Extensive computation on acquired data for quick feedback  Limited visibility window for real time response  Proposed Solution  Explore Altera VIP Suite for real time pre processing of images
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Problem Statement Feedback Processor Digital Input Digital Output Microscope Video Design PC
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Theoretical Framework Why FPGAs?  Flexibility of rapid prototyping and verification  Multiple hardware units create concurrency  Increased concurrent transfers between the blocks Why Altera Cyclone III FPGA?  Supports high-speed external memory interfaces (DDR2)  Allows integration of x32 bit soft processor cores  Inbuilt IP cores for video design development  Evaluation kit available in the lab
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Theoretical Framework  Nios II Soft core Processor  Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processor core  Allows creation of custom components with 256 custom instructions.  Configured into 3 different core types: economy, standard and fast core.  Digital Video Interface DVI  Based on Panel Link, a high speed serial format  Transmits data in a rasterized format  Plug and Play transmission and interconnect solution.
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Theoretical Framework  Altera Video and Image Processing Suite  Avalon-ST interface and Avalon Streaming Protocol to communicate  Avalon MM for run time control and connect to external memory  Avalon ST Protocol  Packet oriented way to send and receive data  Packets are made of symbols  Video data packet contains color plane values  Control packets consist of packet identifier followed by data
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Theoretical Framework Structure of a Video Data Packet Structure of a Control Data Packet
Theoretical Framework Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Power Supply External DDR2 DVI Input Memory Programmer DDR2 Memory Controller Image Input I2C Bus Cyclone III FPGA Image Output LEDs DVI Output Digital Video Daughter Card
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Existing Reference Designs  Video Design from Altera with NTSC/PAL input Mixing of a real time images with test pattern.  Problems faced: Ref designs do not work. Moreover:  Negative set up and hold timing problems  Lower resolution 1024x768 input image.  Designed with Quartus v9.1 lower DDR2 memory controller clock 75 Mhz.
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Existing Reference Designs and Problems  Video Design from Bitec UK with NTSC/PAL input
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Video Design with Altera Cyclone III Video Bridge path External Memory DVI Output DDR2 JTAG On chip I2C Open Memory UART Memory Core Controller Frame Buffer Clock Crossing Instruction Data Bridge Master Master Nios II Processor DVI Input
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Video Design with Cyclone III Board FPGA interface of the design Video PLL DVI Clock Output Clock Source CPU Reset Nios II Processor External DDR2 Memory Video IP Suite DVI Output DVI Input SOPC System Top
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Final Video Design Cyclone III Development Board Nios II Processor PC DVI Input VIP Suite Video Display Design DVI Output
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Final Video Design with FIR Filtering Color Plane Sequencer DVI Output 2D FIR Filter External Memory JTAG On chip I2C Open UART Memory Core Color Plane Sequencer DDR2 Memory Controller Frame Instruction Data Buffer Clock Crossing Master Master Bridge Nios II Processor DVI Input
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Final Video Design on SOPC Builder
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Output on the Screen
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid System Synthesis  Violation of setup or hold time leads to metastable state.  Writing synopsis design constraint files (.sdc) Positive  constrained all clock (ports and pins), Timing Slack  input I/O paths,  output I/O paths
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Future Work  Solve the FIFO underflow problems in CVO output to obtain a stable image.  Developing custom components to extend the design
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Future Work  Migrate to new xilinx plaform: Zynq  Hard ARM core + FPGA  HDMI Input/Output FMC Module
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Conclusion  Designed the embedded platform to process high definition video in real time.  Analyzed Altera VIP blocks functionality despite scattered documentation.  Calculated video processing time with 3x3 Sobel and Prewitt filtering masks.  Interface and control the external memory and other VIP suite components with Nios II processor.
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Bibliography  Altera Corporation, "Cyclone III Device Handbook, Chapter 6: I/O Features in the Cyclone III Device Family," 2009 December. [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/cyc3/cyc3_ciii51007.pdf  Altera Corporation, Altera, [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/devices/fpga/cyclone3/overview/architecture/cy3architect ure.html.  Altera Corporation, "Nios II Software Developer's Handbook," May 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2sw_nii52004.pdf.  Altera Corporation, "Developing Programs Using Hardware Abstraction Layer," May 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2sw_nii52003.pdf.  Altera Corporation, "Nios II Processor Reference Handbook," 2010 July. [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2cpu_nii5v1.pdf  Digital Display Working Group, "Digital Visual Interface DVI," 02 April 1999. [Online]. Available: http://www.ddwg.org/lib/dvi_10.pdf  Altera Corporation, "Video and Image Processing Suite User Guide," July 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/literature/an/an427.pdf  Altera Corporation, "Cyclone III 3C120 Development Board Reference Manual,“ http://www.altera.com/literature/manual/rm_cycloneiii_dev_kit_host_board.pdf
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid

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Real time image processing in fpga

  • 1. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Master Thesis Presentation Real Time Image Processing in FPGA Using Altera VIP Suite By Sneha Nidhi Supervised by Pedro Guerra Gutiérrez, Ph.D. Prof. Andres Santos y Lleo May 2012
  • 2. Overview of the Presentation Universidad Politecnica de Madrid  Problem Statement  Theoretical Background  Design Models and Implementation  Existing Reference Designs and Problems  Video Design with Cyclone III Board  System Synthesis  Future Work  Conclusion
  • 3. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Problem Statement  Challenge ?? Framework: Real time analysis of biological samples : Anticipate and explain complex biological processes  Approach  High resolution 3D microscopes controlled via feedback  Problem faced??  High quality and increasing image size  Extensive computation on acquired data for quick feedback  Limited visibility window for real time response  Proposed Solution  Explore Altera VIP Suite for real time pre processing of images
  • 4. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Problem Statement Feedback Processor Digital Input Digital Output Microscope Video Design PC
  • 5. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Theoretical Framework Why FPGAs?  Flexibility of rapid prototyping and verification  Multiple hardware units create concurrency  Increased concurrent transfers between the blocks Why Altera Cyclone III FPGA?  Supports high-speed external memory interfaces (DDR2)  Allows integration of x32 bit soft processor cores  Inbuilt IP cores for video design development  Evaluation kit available in the lab
  • 6. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Theoretical Framework  Nios II Soft core Processor  Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processor core  Allows creation of custom components with 256 custom instructions.  Configured into 3 different core types: economy, standard and fast core.  Digital Video Interface DVI  Based on Panel Link, a high speed serial format  Transmits data in a rasterized format  Plug and Play transmission and interconnect solution.
  • 7. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Theoretical Framework  Altera Video and Image Processing Suite  Avalon-ST interface and Avalon Streaming Protocol to communicate  Avalon MM for run time control and connect to external memory  Avalon ST Protocol  Packet oriented way to send and receive data  Packets are made of symbols  Video data packet contains color plane values  Control packets consist of packet identifier followed by data
  • 8. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Theoretical Framework Structure of a Video Data Packet Structure of a Control Data Packet
  • 9. Theoretical Framework Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Power Supply External DDR2 DVI Input Memory Programmer DDR2 Memory Controller Image Input I2C Bus Cyclone III FPGA Image Output LEDs DVI Output Digital Video Daughter Card
  • 10. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Existing Reference Designs  Video Design from Altera with NTSC/PAL input Mixing of a real time images with test pattern.  Problems faced: Ref designs do not work. Moreover:  Negative set up and hold timing problems  Lower resolution 1024x768 input image.  Designed with Quartus v9.1 lower DDR2 memory controller clock 75 Mhz.
  • 11. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Existing Reference Designs and Problems  Video Design from Bitec UK with NTSC/PAL input
  • 12. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Video Design with Altera Cyclone III Video Bridge path External Memory DVI Output DDR2 JTAG On chip I2C Open Memory UART Memory Core Controller Frame Buffer Clock Crossing Instruction Data Bridge Master Master Nios II Processor DVI Input
  • 13. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Video Design with Cyclone III Board FPGA interface of the design Video PLL DVI Clock Output Clock Source CPU Reset Nios II Processor External DDR2 Memory Video IP Suite DVI Output DVI Input SOPC System Top
  • 14. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Final Video Design Cyclone III Development Board Nios II Processor PC DVI Input VIP Suite Video Display Design DVI Output
  • 15. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Final Video Design with FIR Filtering Color Plane Sequencer DVI Output 2D FIR Filter External Memory JTAG On chip I2C Open UART Memory Core Color Plane Sequencer DDR2 Memory Controller Frame Instruction Data Buffer Clock Crossing Master Master Bridge Nios II Processor DVI Input
  • 16. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Final Video Design on SOPC Builder
  • 17. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Design Models and Implementation Output on the Screen
  • 18. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid System Synthesis  Violation of setup or hold time leads to metastable state.  Writing synopsis design constraint files (.sdc) Positive  constrained all clock (ports and pins), Timing Slack  input I/O paths,  output I/O paths
  • 19. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Future Work  Solve the FIFO underflow problems in CVO output to obtain a stable image.  Developing custom components to extend the design
  • 20. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Future Work  Migrate to new xilinx plaform: Zynq  Hard ARM core + FPGA  HDMI Input/Output FMC Module
  • 21. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Conclusion  Designed the embedded platform to process high definition video in real time.  Analyzed Altera VIP blocks functionality despite scattered documentation.  Calculated video processing time with 3x3 Sobel and Prewitt filtering masks.  Interface and control the external memory and other VIP suite components with Nios II processor.
  • 22. Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Bibliography  Altera Corporation, "Cyclone III Device Handbook, Chapter 6: I/O Features in the Cyclone III Device Family," 2009 December. [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/cyc3/cyc3_ciii51007.pdf  Altera Corporation, Altera, [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/devices/fpga/cyclone3/overview/architecture/cy3architect ure.html.  Altera Corporation, "Nios II Software Developer's Handbook," May 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2sw_nii52004.pdf.  Altera Corporation, "Developing Programs Using Hardware Abstraction Layer," May 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2sw_nii52003.pdf.  Altera Corporation, "Nios II Processor Reference Handbook," 2010 July. [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2cpu_nii5v1.pdf  Digital Display Working Group, "Digital Visual Interface DVI," 02 April 1999. [Online]. Available: http://www.ddwg.org/lib/dvi_10.pdf  Altera Corporation, "Video and Image Processing Suite User Guide," July 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/literature/an/an427.pdf  Altera Corporation, "Cyclone III 3C120 Development Board Reference Manual,“ http://www.altera.com/literature/manual/rm_cycloneiii_dev_kit_host_board.pdf