This document provides an analysis of rates for various civil engineering works including excavation, sand filling, brick masonry, concrete works, and reinforced cement concrete works. It includes calculations of quantities of materials required and rates analysis for a unit quantity (typically 1 cubic meter or 10 cubic meters) with breakdown of material and labor costs. Factors affecting rates and data required for rate analysis are also discussed.

1. RATE ANALYSIS

2. RATE ANALYSIS
The determination of rate per unit of a particular item
of work, from the cost of quantities of materials, the
cost of labourers and other miscellaneous petty
expenses required for its completion is known as the
Analysis of Rates.
The rates of materials and labour vary from place to
place and hence the rates of different items of works
also vary from place to place.

3. PURPOSE OF RATE ANALYSIS
To determine the current rate per unit of an item.
To calculate the quantity of materials required for the project.
To estimate the number of different categories of labourers required.
To estimate the number and types of equipments required for the proposed
work.
By knowing the rates of different items, to estimate the total cost of
project.
To examine the viability of rates offered by the contractors.
To fix up labour contract rates.
To determine rates of extra items.
To prepare schedule of rates (S.O.R.).

4. Factors affecting rate analysis
1. Material Cost
2. Labour Cost
3. Equipment/Machinery Cost
4. Nature of Work
5. Location of Site
6. Weather
7. Specifications
8. Condition of Contract
9. Time Limit
10.Transportation Cost
11.Availability of Water &
Electricity
12.Contractor’s Profit
13.Overhead Charges
14.Miscellaneous

5. Schedule of Rates (S.O.R.)
Schedule of rates is a list of rates of various items of work, to
facilitate the preparation of estimates, and also to serve as a guide in
settling rates in connection with contract agreements, a schedule of
rates for all items of work is maintained in the form of a printed books
known as schedule of rates (SOR) .
The schedule of rates consists of group of items such as excavation
items, concrete items, masonry items, demolition items, plumbing
items, electrification items etc.
The Central Public Works Department (CPWD),premier construction
organisation of the government of India, maintain printed schedule of
rates book for various items of work and estimate is prepared with
these rates.

6. Schedule of Rates (S.O.R.)

7.  The capacity of doing work by an artisan or skilled labour in
the form of quantity of work per day (8 hours shift) is known as
Task Work or Out-turn of the labour.
 The out turn of work per artisan varies with situations
and locations.
 In bigger cities where specialised and experienced labour
is available, the out-turn is greater than in small towns and
country side.
In well organised work, less labour is required.
TASK/ OUT TURN WORK

8. Nature of work
Weather condition
Location of site
Experience, skill and training of a person
 Whether the work is to be carried out on daily wages basis or on
Piecework.
Physical or psychological condition of labour.
Labour wages
Incentive to the labours.
Specifications If the specifications of work are rigid, task work will
be less or vice-versa.
Number of labours with mason or artison.
Factors affecting task work

9. DATA REQUIRED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF RATES
 Details of all operations involved in carrying out the work
The quantities of materials and their costs
The number of different categories of labourers required,
their working capacity and daily wages.

10. RATES OF ITEMS DEPEND ON:
Specifications of works and material, their quality,
proportion and method of constructional operation.
Quantity of materials and their costs.
Cost of labours and their wages.
Location of site of work and the distances from source and
conveyance charges.
 Overhead and establishment charges
Profit and miscellaneous expenses of the contractor

11. ANALYSIS OF RATES
The analysis of rates is worked out for the unit payment of the
particular item of work under two heads.
Materials
Labour
Material Cost + Labour Cost = Cost of Items of Work
Other items included are:
Tools and Plants ( T & P ) = 2.5 to 3 % of the labour cost
Transportation cost more than 8 km is considered
Water charges = 1.5 to 2 % 0f total cost
Contractor ‘ s profit = 10 %

12. COST OF MATERIALS
THE COSTS OF MATERIALS ARE TAKEN AS
DELIVERED AT SITE OF WORK.
This is inclusive of
The first cost (cost at origin),
Cost of transport , railway freight (if any), etc.
Local taxes and other charges.
LEAD STATEMENT
The distance between the source of availability of material and
construction site is known as "Lead " and is expected in Km.
The cost of convenayce of material depends on lead.
This statement is required when a material is transported from
a distant place, more than 8kms (5 miles).

13. COST OF LABOUR
The labour can be classified into the following
Skilled 1st Class
Skilled 2nd Class
Unskilled
The labour charges can be obtained from the standard schedule
of rates.
30% of the skilled labour provided in the data may be taken as
Ist class, remaining 70% as II class.

14. CONTRACTOR’S PROFIT
This is the 6-10% net profit that is allowed to the contractor.
10% profit is not allowed on cement and steel.
MISCELLANEOUS
Lump sum provisions are made for miscellaneous items.

15. Quantity calculation

16. [A] Brick Masonary
1. Number of bricks required for 1 m3 of brickwork
Actual size of brick 19 cm x 9 cm x 9 cm
Nominal size of brick
(With Mortar)
20 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm
No. of Bricks required =
1 m3 / (0.20*0.10*0.10)
500Nos.

17. 2. Mortar required for 1 m3 of brickwork
Actual volume of bricks in 1 m3 of brick
masonary =
500 x (0.19 x 0.09 x 0.09)
0.770
Volume of wet mortar in 1m3 of brick
masonary =
1 - 0.77
0.23
For Filling, cut bricks, for bonding, wastages etc. increase this quantity by 15%
Volume of wet mortar (m3) =
0.23 + (0.23 x 15%)
0.23 + (0.23 x 0.15)
0.2645
Volume of dry mortar reduces by 25% when water is added
Volume of dry mortar (m3) =
0.2645 + (0.2645 x 25%)
0.2645 + (0.2645 x 0.25)
0.33

18. 3. Materials required for 10 m3 of brickwork (1:6)
Number of bricks required for 1 m3 of brickwork = 500
Number of bricks required for 10 m3 of brickwork = 5000
Proportion of mortar (1:6)
Volume of dry mortar = 3.3 m3
(C:S) = (1:6) = 7
Cement =
1/7 x 3.3
0.4714 m3
0.4714/0.035 (to convert volume into no of bags.)
13.47
Say 14 Bags
Sand =
6/7 x 3.3
2.83 m3

19. [B] Concrete Work
For 1 m3 of wet compacted concrete, dry volume is taken about 52% more.
1 m3 wet concrete = 1.52 m3 dry concrete
Quantity of materials required for (1 : 1.5 : 3) cement concrete (1 m3)
(C:S:A) = (1 : 1.5 : 3) = 5.5
Cement =
1/5.5 x 1.52
0.2764 m3
0.2764/0.035 (to convert volume into no of
bags.)
7.90
Say 8 Bags
Sand =
1.5/5.5 x 1.52
0.415 m3
Aggregate =
3/5.5 x 1.52
0.83 m3

20. [C] Plaster Work
For filling up joints and for uneven surface, 30% more mortar is required.
To get dry volume of mortar, wet volume may be further increased by 25%
Materials for 100 m2 area and 12 mm thick plaster (1:4)
Volume of wet mortar =
Area x Thickness
100 x 0.012
1.20
For filling up joints and for uneven surface, 30% more mortar is required.
Volume of wet mortar =
1.20 + (1.20 x 30%)
1.20 + (1.20 x 0.30)
1.56
To get dry volume of mortar, wet volume may be further increased by 25%
Volume of dry mortar =
1.56 + (1.56 x 25%)
1.56 + (1.56 x 0.25)
1.95
Say 2 m3
(C:S) = (1:4) = 5
Cement =
1/5 x 2
0.40 m3
0.40/0.035 (to convert volume into no of bags.)
11.43 Bags
Say 12 Bags
Sand =
4/5 x 2
1.60 m3

21. Rate Analysis of Different
Civil Engineering Works

22. Earthwork in excavation up to 1.5m depth
For 10 m3
Particulars
Quantity/
Number
Rate
Rs.
Per
Amount
Rs.
1. Labours:
Male Coolie 2 200 day 400
Female Coolie 2 180 day 360
Sundries 20
Total Cost 780
Contractor's Profit
(10% of total
cost) 78
Rate for 10 m3 858
Rate for 1 m3 85.8
Say 86

23. Sand Filling in Foundation and Plinth
For 10 m3
Particulars Quantity/Number
Rate
Rs.
Per
Amount
Rs.
1. Materials:
Sand 10 800 m3 8000
Sundries 20
Total Material Cost 8020
2. Labours:
Male Coolie 1 200 day 200
Female Coolie 1 180 day 180
Bhistie 0.5 200 day 100
Sundries 20
Total Labour Cost 500
Total Cost Rs. 8520
Add 1.5% Water Charges Rs. 127.8
Contractor's Profit (10% of total cost) Rs. 852
Rate for 10 m3 Rs. 9499.8
Rate for 1 m3 Rs. 949.98
Say Rs. 950

24. Brick bat cement concrete in foundation (B.B.C.C.) (1:5:10)
For 10 m3 Quantity Calculation
Particulars
Quantity/
Number
Rate
Rs.
Per
Amount
Rs.
In BBCC work the volume of brick bats
required will be equal to the total volume of
concrete
1. Materials:
For 10 m3 concrete work, 10 m3 brick bats are
required.
Brick bats 10 800 m3 8000
Sand 5 800 m3 4000 Proportation given (1:5:10)
Cement 29 280 bag 8120 Volume of sand required = 5 m3
Sundries 50
Volume of cement required =
1/5 x 5
Total Material Cost 20170 1 m3
2. Labours: 1 / 0.035
Male Coolie 3 200 day 600 28.57
Female Coolie 6 180 day 1080 Say 29 bags
Bhistie 2 200 day 400
Sundries 50
Total Labour Cost 2130
Total Cost Rs. 22300
Add 1.5% Water
Charges Rs.
334.5
Contractor's Profit
(10% of total cost)
Rs.
2230
Rate for 10 m3 Rs. 24864.5
Rate for 1 m3 Rs. 2486.45
Say Rs. 2487

25. Brick bat Lime concrete in foundation (B.B.L.C.) (1:4:8)
For 10 m3 Quantity Calculation
Particulars
Quantity/
Number
Rate
Rs.
Per
Amount
Rs.
In BBLC work the volume of brick bats
required will be equal to the total volume of
concrete
1. Materials:
For 10 m3 concrete work, 10 m3 brick bats are
required.
Brick bats 10 800 m3 8000
Sand 5 800 m3 4000 Proportation given (1:4:8)
Lime 1.25 1000 m3 1250 Volume of sand required = 5 m3
Sundries 50
Volume of cement required =
1/4 x 5
Total Material Cost 13300 1.25 m3
2. Labours:
Male Coolie 3 200 day 600
Female Coolie 6 180 day 1080
Bhistie 2 200 day 400
Grinding of lime
mortar
L.S. 1000
Sundries 50
Total Labour Cost 3130
Total Cost Rs. 16430
Add 1.5% Water
Charges Rs.
246.45
Contractor's Profit
(10% of total cost)
Rs.
1643
Rate for 10 m3 Rs. 18319.45
Rate for 1 m3 Rs. 1831.945
Say Rs. 1832

26. cement concrete in foundation (C.C.) (1:4:8)
For 10 m3 Quantity Calculation
Particulars
Quantity/
Number
Rate
Rs.
Per
Amount
Rs.
For 1 m3 of wet compacted concrete, dry
volume is taken about 52% more.
1. Materials: 1 m3 wet concrete = 1.52 m3 dry concrete
Cement 34 280 bags 9520 10 m3 wet concrete = 15.2 m3 dry concrete
Sand 4.68 800 m3 3744
Aggregate 9.36 1000 bag 9360 Proportation given (1:4:8) = 13
Sundries 50
Volume of cement required =
1/13 x 15.2
Total Material Cost 22674 1.17
2. Labours: 1.17 / 0.035
Mistry 0.5 400 day 200 33.43
Mason 1 300 day 300 Say 34 bags
Male Coolie 7 200 day 1400
Volume of sand required =
4/13 x 15.2
Female Coolie 11 180 day 1980 4.68
Bhistie 2.5 200 day 500
Volume of sand required =
8/13 x 15.2
Sundries 50 9.35
Total Labour Cost 4430
Total Cost Rs. 27104
Add 1.5% Water
Charges Rs.
406.56
Contractor's Profit
(10% of total cost)
Rs.
2710.4
Rate for 10 m3 Rs. 30220.96
Rate for 1 m3 Rs. 3022.096
Say Rs. 3022

27. R.C.C. work for slab (1:2:4)
For 10 m3 Quantity Calculation
Particulars
Quantity/
Number
Rate
Rs.
Per
Amount
Rs.
For 1 m3 of wet compacted concrete, dry volume is taken
about 52% more.
1. Materials: 1 m3 wet concrete = 1.52 m3 dry concrete
Cement 64 280 bags 17920 10 m3 wet concrete = 15.2 m3 dry concrete
Sand 4.34 800 m3 3472
Aggregate 8.68 1000 bag 8680 Proportation given (1:2:4) = 7
Steel (1%) 785 45 Kg 35325
Volume of cement required =
1/7 x 15.2
Binding wire 8 50 Kg 400 2.17
Sundries 50 2.17 / 0.035
Total Material Cost 65847 62.00
2. Labours: Say 64 bags
Labour for mixing,
transportation and placing
concrete, including curing
10 300 m3 3000
Volume of sand required =
2/7 x 15.2
Cost of hiring mixture and
vibrator
L.S. 750 4.34
Labour for bending, cutting,
placing reinforcement steel
785 5 Kg 3925
Volume of aggregate required =
4/7 x 15.2
Labour for centering and
shuttering
L.S. 5000 8.69
Sundries 50
Total Labour Cost 12725 Assume 1% steel of the volume of wet concrete
Volume of steel required =
1% of 10 m3
Total Cost Rs. 78572 0.01 x 10
Add 1.5% Water Charges
Rs.
1178.58 0.1
Contractor's Profit (10% of
total cost) Rs.
7857.2
Rate for 10 m3 Rs. 87607.78 Density of steel =7850 kg/m3
Rate for 1 m3 Rs. 8760.778
Mass of steel =
0.1 x 7850
Say Rs. 8761 785
For 100 kg of steel 1 kg binding wire required
For 785 kg of steel 7.85 (~ 8) kg binding wire required

28. R.C.C. work for beam & Column (1:1.5:3)
For 10 m3 Quantity Calculation
Particulars
Quantity/
Number
Rate
Rs.
Per
Amount
Rs.
For 1 m3 of wet compacted concrete, dry volume is taken
about 52% more.
1. Materials: 1 m3 wet concrete = 1.52 m3 dry concrete
Cement 80 280 bags 22400 10 m3 wet concrete = 15.2 m3 dry concrete
Sand 4.14 800 m3 3312
Aggregate 8.28 1000 bag 8280 Proportation given (1:1.5:3) = 5.5
Steel (1%) 1570 45 Kg 70650
Volume of cement required =
1/5.5 x 15.2
Binding wire 16 50 Kg 800 2.76
Sundries 50 2.76 / 0.035
Total Material Cost 105492 78.86
2. Labours: Say 80 bags
Labour for mixing,
transportation and placing
concrete, including curing
10 300 m3 3000
Volume of sand required =
1.5/5.5 x 15.2
Cost of hiring mixture and
vibrator
L.S. 1000 4.15
Labour for bending, cutting,
placing reinforcement steel
1570 5 Kg 7850
Volume of aggregate required =
3/5.5 x 15.2
Labour for centering and
shuttering
L.S. 5000 8.29
Sundries 50
Total Labour Cost 16900 Assume 2% steel of the volume of wet concrete
Volume of steel required =
2% of 10 m3
Total Cost Rs. 122392 0.02 x 10
Add 1.5% Water Charges
Rs.
1835.88 0.2
Contractor's Profit (10% of
total cost) Rs.
12239.2
Rate for 10 m3 Rs. 136467.08 Density of steel =7850 kg/m3
Rate for 1 m3 Rs. 13646.708
Mass of steel =
0.2 x 7850
Say Rs. 13650 1570
For 100 kg of steel 1 kg binding wire required
For 1570 kg of steel 15.70 (~ 16) kg binding wire required

29. 1st class brickwork in super structure C.M.=1:6
For 10 m3 Quantity Calculation
Particulars
Quantity/
Number
Rate
Rs.
Per
Amount
Rs.
For 1 m3 of brickwork, 500 nos of bricks
required
1. Materials:
For 10 m3 of brickwork, 5000 nos of bricks
required
Cement 14 280 bags 3920
Sand 2.83 800 m3 2264
For 10 m3 of brickwork, 3.3 m3 mortar is
required
Brick 5000 4000 1000 nos. 20000 Proportation given (1:6) = 7
Sundries 50
Volume of cement required =
1/7 x 3.3
Total Material Cost 26234 0.47
2. Labours: 0.47 / 0.035
Mistry 0.5 400 day 200 13.43
Mason 7 300 day 2100 Say 14 bags
Male Coolie 7 200 day 1400
Volume of sand required =
6/7 x 3.3
Female Coolie 7 180 day 1260 2.83
Bhistie 2 200 day 400
Sundries 50
Total Labour Cost 5410
Total Cost Rs. 31644
Add 1.5% Water
Charges Rs.
474.66
Contractor's Profit
(10% of total cost) Rs.
3164.4
Rate for 10 m3 Rs. 35283.06
Rate for 1 m3 Rs. 3528.306
Say Rs. 3530

30. Brickwork in 10 cm thick partition wall in C.M. 1:4
For 10 m2 Quantity Calculation
Particulars
Quantity/
Number
Rate
Rs.
Per
Amount
Rs. Volume of partition wall =
0.1 x 10
1. Materials: 1
Cement 2 280 bags 560
Sand 0.264 800 m3 211.2 For 1 m3 of brickwork, 500 nos of bricks required
Brick 500 4000 1000 nos. 2000 For 1 m3 of brickwork, 0.33 m3 mortar is required
6 mm dia M.S. bar 9 45 kg 405
Sundries 25 Proportation given (1:4) = 5
Total Material Cost 3201.2
2. Labours:
Volume of cement required =
1/5 x 0.33
Mason 1 300 day 300 0.07
Male Coolie 1 200 day 200 0.07 / 0.035
Female Coolie 1 180 day 180 2.00
Bhistie 0.25 200 day 50 Say 2 bags
Sundries 25
Volume of sand required =
4/5 x 0.33
Total Labour Cost 755 0.264
Total Cost Rs. 3956.2
Add 1.5% Water
Charges Rs.
59.343
Contractor's Profit
(10% of total cost) Rs.
395.62
Rate for 10 m3 Rs. 4411.163
Rate for 1 m3 Rs. 441.1163
Say Rs. 440

31. Plaster Work
12 mm thick plaster in C.M. 1:4
For 100 m2 Quantity Calculation
Particulars
Quantity/
Number
Rate
Rs.
Per
Amount
Rs. Volume of wet mortar =
0.012 x 100
1. Materials: 1.2 m3
Cement 11.5 280 bags 3220
Sand 1.6 800 m3 1280
For filling up joints and for uneven surface, 30% more mortar is
required.
Sundries 25
Total Material Cost 4525
Volume of wet mortar =
1.2 + 1.2 x 0.30
2. Labours: 1.56 m3
Mistry 0.25 400 day 100
Mason 10 300 day 3000
To get dry volume of mortar, wet volume may be further
increased by 25%
Male Coolie 10 200 day 2000
Female Coolie 10 180 day 1800
Volume of wet mortar =
1.56 + 1.56 x
0.25
Bhistie 2 200 day 400 1.95 m3
Sundries 25 ~ 2 m3
Total Labour Cost 7225
Proportation given (1:4) = 5
Volume of cement required =
1/5 x 2
0.40 m3
Total Cost Rs. 11750 0.40 / 0.035
Add 1.5% Water
Charges Rs.
176.25 11.43
Contractor's Profit (10%
of total cost) Rs.
1175 Say 11.5 bags
Rate for 100 m2 Rs. 13101.25
Volume of sand required =
4/5 x 2
Rate for 1 m2 Rs. 131.0125 1.600 m3
Say Rs. 132

32. Thank You