about specifications of buildings, report preparation for buildings and roads and tender process and notice

2. Specifications – Detailed and general specifications –
Constructions – Sources – Types of specifications – Principles
for report preparation – report on estimate of residential
building – Culvert – Roads – TTT Act 2000 – Tender notices –
types – tender procedures – Drafting model tenders , E-
tendering-Digital signature certificates- Encrypting -
Decrypting – Reverse auctions.

3. DEFINITION:
Specification specifies or describes the nature and the class of
the work, materials to be used in the work, workmanship etc.,
and is very important for the execution of the work.
It should be clear and there should not be any ambiguity
anywhere.anywhere.
From the study of the specification one can easily understand
the nature of the work and what the work shall be.
The drawings of a building or structure show the arrangement
of the rooms and various parts, and the dimensions- length,
breadth and height, with very brief descriptions of different
parts.

4. Drawings do not furnish the details of different items of work ,
the quantity of materials, proportion of mortar and
workmanship which are described in specifications.
Thus the combinations of drawings and specifications define
completely the structure.
Drawings and specifications form important parts of contract
document.

5. The factors on which specifications depend upon are
mentioned below :
Nature of the work
Purpose for which the work is requiredPurpose for which the work is required
Strength of materials
Availability of materials
Quality of Materials

6. The cost of an unit quantity of work is governed by its
specification.
Specification is an essential contract document and is
required for Arbitration or court cases.
The necessity of specification is to verify and check theThe necessity of specification is to verify and check the
strength of materials for a work involved in a project.
Specification is necessary to specify the equipments, tools
and plants to be engaged for a work and thus enable to
procure them beforehand.
A work is carried out according to its specification and the
contractor is paid for the same, Any change in specification
changes the tendered rate.

7. This also specifies the workmanship and the method of doing the
work. Thus specification of work serves as a guide to the
supervising staff of the contractor as well as to the owner to
execute the work to their satisfaction.
As the rate of work is based on specification a contractor can
calculate the rates of various items of works in a tender with his
procurement rates of materials and labour. Thus tender paper
without specifications of works is baseless, incomplete and
invalid.invalid.
Specifications of work are required to describe the quality and
quantity of different materials required for a construction work
and is one of the essential contract documents. Thus a contractor can
make a programmed to procure the materials required for a project
and the owner can check the quality of materials conforming to the
specification avoiding dispute with contractor.

8. 1. Description of materials
2. Workmanship
3. Tools and plants (T.&P.)
4. Protection of new work4. Protection of new work
5. Expression
6. Clause of the specification

9. 1. Description of materials:
The quality and size of materials required to do an item of
work shall be fully described for checking up at site according
to the bindings provided in the specification. The proportion
of mixing or treatment of materials if required before use
shall be clearly described.
2. Workmanship:2. Workmanship:
Complete description of workmanship, the method of
mixing to the proportion, the method of laying,
preparation of base or surface, compaction, finishing and
curing etc. specifically applicable to the item of work shall be
clearly stated in different clauses.

10. 3. Tools and plants (T.&P.):
The tools and plants to be engaged to carry out a work
shall be described. The method of operation and by whom
to be supplied shall be stated.
4. Protection of new work:
The method of protection of new works against damageThe method of protection of new works against damage
or the method of curing if required, the test of completed
work if necessary shall be described in separate clauses.

11. 5. Expression:
While writing a specification Endeavour shall be made to
express the requirements of the specification clearly and in
concise from avoiding repetition and unusual works. The
style of tense shall remain same throughout. The sentences
shall be short, simple and concise. As the specifications are
the legal documents, terms such as suitable, proper used and
works having more than one meaning shall be avoided.works having more than one meaning shall be avoided.
6. Clause of the specification:
The clauses shall be arranged in the order in which work
shall be carried out.

12. Specifications are of two types :
1. General or Brief Specification : It is different for different
classes of buildings i.e.
First ClassFirst Class
Second Class
Third Class
Fourth Class
2. Detailed Specifications

13. In general specifications, nature and class of works names of
materials and proportion that should be used in the
various items of works are described.
Only a brief description of each and every item is given. It is
useful for estimating the project.useful for estimating the project.
Without going through the lengthy detailed specifications,
general information for the quantities of materials, nature
and class of work can be known from the general
specifications, but they do not form part of the contract
document.

14. General specifications is categorized as
First class building
Second class building
Third class building
Fourth class building.
General specification for a building:
1. Foundation and plinth
2. Dpc (Damp Proof Course)
3. Superstructure
4. Roofing
5. Flooring
6. Finishing
7. Doors and windows

15. 1. FOUNDATION AND PLINTH
FIRST
CLASS
SECOND
CLASS
THIRD
CLASS
FOURTH
CLASS
I st class
brickwork
in 1:6
I st class
brickwork
with lime
II nd class
brickwork in
lime mortar
Sun-dried or
kutcha
bricks inin 1:6
cement
mortar
over 1:4:8
cement
concrete
with lime
mortar over
lime
concrete
lime mortar
over lime
concrete
bricks in
mud mortar

16. 2. DPC(DAMP PROOF COURSE):
FIRST
CLASS
SECOND
CLASS
THIRD
CLASS
FOURTH
CLASS
1:1.5:3 cement
concrete of 1”
thickness with
Standard water
1:2 cement
mortar of
2cm
thickness
1:2 cement
mortar of
2cm
thickness ----Standard water
Proofing material
mixed with
Cement.
thickness
with standard
water
proofing
material
thickness
with standard
water
----

17. 3.SUPER STRUCTURE:
FIRST
CLASS
SECOND
CLASS
THIRD
CLASS
FOURTH
CLASS
First class
Brickwork
with 1:6
Second class
brickwork in
lime mortar.
Second class
brickwork in mud
mortar.
Sun-dried or
kutcha bricks in
mud mortar. Doorswith 1:6
cement
mortar. Lintels
over doors and
Windows shall
be of RCC.
lime mortar.
Lintels over
doors and
windows shall
be of RB.
mortar.
Doors and window
Openings provided
with arches of
second class
brickwork in lime
mortar or
wooden planks
mud mortar. Doors
and
Window openings
provided with
arches of second
class
brickwork in lime
mortar or wooden
planks

18. 4. ROOFING :
FIRST
CLASS
SECOND
CLASS
THIRD
CLASS
FOURTH
CLASS
Height of
rooms shall
not be less
R.B. slab with
7.5cm lime
concrete
Mud over
bricks or
planks over
Tile roof over
bamboo and
woodennot be less
than 12’.
Over RCC
slab
insulation
layer should
be provided
concrete
terracing above
(Flat terraced
roofs over
wooden beams
or jack arched
roofs.
planks over
wooden beams
OR G.I. sheet
sloping roof
wooden
supports

19. 5. FLOORING:
FIRST
CLASS
SECOND
CLASS
THIRD
CLASS
FOURTH
CLASS
2.5cm
cement
concrete
2.5cm cement
concrete over
7.5cm lime
Brick on edge
floor over
well
Kutcha floor
or
earthen floorconcrete
over 7.5cm
lime
concrete
7.5cm lime
concrete.
Verandah
floor
shall be of
brick tile over
lime concrete
well
rammed earth
earthen floor
finished with
cow-dung
lapping.

20. 6.FINISHING:
FIRST
CLASS
SECOND
CLASS
THIRD
CLASS
FOURTH
CLASS
Inside and
outside shall
be 12mm
cement lime
Inside and
outside shall
be 12mm
cement mortar
Inside and
outside shall
be plastered
with lime
Inside and
outside shall
be water proof
mud plasteredcement lime
plastered
1:1:6. Inside
and outside
whitewashed
d with
Interior
distempered.
cement mortar
plastered 1:6.
Ceiling shall be
cement
plastered 1:3.
inside and
outside
whitewashed
with lime
mortar and
whitewashed
mud plastered

21. 7. DOORS AND WINDOWS:
FIRST
CLASS
SECOND CLASS THIRD
CLASS
FOURTH
CLASS
Teak wood is used.
All fittings shall be
of brass. Windows
shall be provided
with iron gratings or
R.C.C or Sal wood.
Shutters of shisham
wood or deodar
wood fitted with
iron fittings. Doors
Chaukhat shall be
of Sal wood and
shutters of chir
mango or other
country wood.
Doors and
windows shall
be of chir
mango or
country wood.with iron gratings or
grills. Doors and
windows shall be
painted two coats
with high class
enamel paint over
one coat of priming.
iron fittings. Doors
and windows shall
be painted two coats
over one coat of
priming.
country wood.
Doors and
windows shall be
painted two coats
with ordinary paint
over one coat of
priming
country wood.

22. The detailed specifications form a part of the contract
document. Detailed specification for a particular items specify
the qualities, quantities and proportions of materials, and the
method of preparation and execution for that particular item of
work in a project.
The detailed specifications of the different items of works areThe detailed specifications of the different items of works are
prepared separately and they describe what the works should
be and how they shall be executed and constructed
physical, chemical and electrical tests if any requires for
the finished work to ensure the desired strength or quality
are specified in the detailed specification.

23. They of machinery, equipments and special tools and plant
their methods of operation when involved during execution
are described in the detailed specification.
The method and duration of protection of finished works
as required are specified in the detailed specification.
During execution of the original work. While writing the
detailed specifications the same order of sequence as thedetailed specifications the same order of sequence as the
work is to be carried out, is maintained.
Engineering departments maintain detail specifications for
different items of work those are followed to carry out work.

24. The below steps to be
followed to write the
detailed specifications:
Excavation
Finish of TrenchFinish of Trench
Finds
Water in Foundation
Trench Filling
Measurement

25. The below steps to be followed to write the detailed
specifications:
Materials
ProportionProportion
Mixing
Laying and compacting
Curing
Measurement

26. The below steps to be followed to write the detailed
specifications:
Materials
ProportionProportion
Mixing
Slump Test
Formwork
Laying of Concrete
Curing

27. Proportion
Cement
Coarse AggregateCoarse Aggregate
Fine Aggregate
Water
Reinforcement
Centering
Mixing
Laying and Curing

28. Materials
Proportion
Mixing
LayingLaying
Finishing
Curing
Painting with asphalt

29. FIRST CLASS BRICKWORK
Bricks
Mortar
Soaking of brick
Laying
Curing
Protection
Scaffolding
Measurement

30. II CLASS BRICKWORK:
Bricks shall be of second class and mortar shall be as
specified, may be kankar lime or white lime and surkhi ( or
sand or cinder) of 1:2 to 1:3 proportion.
Mortar joints shall not exceed 10 mm (3/4’’) in thickness.
Bricks shall be soaked in water for at least three hours
immediately before use.
III CLASS BRICKWORK:
Bricks shall be of III class. Mortar shall be as specified and
mortar joints shall not exceed 12 mm (3/4’’) in thickness.
Bricks shall be dipped into a tub of water before use.

31. Material
Centering and shuttering
Mixing of mortarMixing of mortar
Laying
Curing
Measurement

32. Definition:
Process of covering rough walls and uneven surfaces of a
building with a plastic material to form a durable surface.
Objectives:
Provide an even,smooth,regular, clean and durable finishedProvide an even,smooth,regular, clean and durable finished
surface
Protect the surface from the effects of atmospheric agencies
Conceals the defective workmanship
Covers up the use of inferior quality materials and joints
Provides satisfactory base for white washing, color washing

33. Types of plastering:
Depending upon the binding material
Cement Plastering
Mud Plastering
Lime Plastering
Lime cement plaster

34. 1. CEMENT PLASTERING 2. MUD PLASTERING

35. LIME PLASTERING

36. Average thickness of cement plastering is 12-15mm
Clean the surface with water and is kept wet till applying
plaster
Preliminary coat is applied on the surface to fill up hollowPreliminary coat is applied on the surface to fill up hollow
portion of masonry.
First coat is applied with a thickness of 9-10mm.
Second coat is applied after 6hrs and thickness of second coat
is 6-9mm.
Surface is polished with a trowel

37. Third coat if required is applied with maximum thickness
3mm Completed plaster is allowed to rest for 24hrs and well
watered for at least one week
Slow setting under higher humidity improves the strength of
plaster.

39. NAME OF
COAT
THICKNESS CEMENT
MORATR
LIME MORTAR
FIRST
COAT
RENDER
COAT
9-10 mm 3-4 days to
harden.
Surface is
kept rough
This is left for a period of 2 days
to set and not allowed to dry
SECOND
COAT
FLOATING
COAT
6-9 mm For even
surface
This coat is applied with trowels
and rubbed with straight edge.
The water is sprinkled on the
surface and the surface is wellsurface and the surface is well
rubbed with floats to make it an
even surface.
THIRD
COAT
SETTING OR
FINISHING
COAT
3 mm Similar to
second coat
Applied for 5 days.
After giving a rest of 24 hrs to
the plastered surface. The work
should be well watered for night
so for.

40. DEFINITION:
Report describing the various features of the work, is
accompanied with estimate.accompanied with estimate.
The report should be written in clear language.
It should be written in such a way that while studying it one
can get an idea about the whole work.

41. Report gives brief information of whole project . It should
consist of the following :
Brief history of the work.
Necessity and feasibility of project
Selection of site & SurveySelection of site & Survey
Nature of soil, topography of land etc.
Basis of design calculations
Arrangement for water supply, sanitation and electrical
installations etc.
Roads and drains.

42. Labour amenities and Temporary accommodations for staff,
etc.
Manner of execution
Total cost and how to be financed
Return or revenue incomeReturn or revenue income
Rent statement
Time of execution

43. The detailed estimate for construction of a residential building
for the Executive Engineer at Udaynagar has been prepared in
compliance of S.E.'s letter no---------. Dated------------.
There is no building for the residence of the ExecutiveThere is no building for the residence of the Executive
Engineer at Udaynagar and he has to live in a rented building
with meagre accommodation at a very high rent. It has,
therefore, been proposed to construct a residential building for
the Executive Engineer. The head of the accounts will be 50
civil original works, building.

44. The estimate provides for the following accommodation:-
One drawing room, one dining room, three bed rooms, one guest
room, and the necessary store kitchen, baths, front and back
verandahs and motor garage per plan enclosed.
A site has already been selected having a land of 60 m ×30 m (200
× 100') for the construction of the building having good soil and
proper drainage and this much of land has to be acquired. The
building shall be oriented to face north direction.
The building shall have lime concrete foundation and first class
brick masonry with lime mortar up to plinth level and the
superstructure shall be of first class brick work in cement mortar, 1
:6.
Lintels shall be of R.B. work and roof shall be R.C.C with lime
concrete terrace finishing. The drawing and dining rooms shall have
mosaic floor and other rooms 2.5 cm(1”) c.c. floor over 7.5 cm
(3”) lime concrete.

45. Inside and outside walls shall be 12 mm(1/2 ”) cement line
plastered 1:1:6, and ceiling shall be 6 mm (1/2”) cement
plastered 1:3.
Inside of drawing and dining rooms shall be colour washed
and inside of remaining rooms shall be white washed and
outside wall be colour washed.
Doors and windows shall be 4.5 cm (13/
4 ”) thick teak wood
with chaukhat of sal wood and enamel painted. All work shall
be strictly as per detailed P.W.D. Specification.be strictly as per detailed P.W.D. Specification.
The estimate has been prepared at P.W.D Schedule of rates,
and for non-schedule items on analysis of rates.
The foundation has been designed for a safe load of 9 tonne
per sq m (8 ton per sq ft) and the R.C.C roof has been
designed for a safe load of 150 kg per sq m (30 1bs per sq ft)
with 1400 kg per sqcm (20000 1bs per sq in) as sage tensile
stress of steel and 50 kg sq cm (750 1bs per sq in) as safe
compressive stress of concrete.

46. All designs and calculations have been included in the
estimate. Plans and drawings and site plans are also enclosed
with the estimate.
Provision has been made for electrification and sanitary and
water supply works and 20% of the estimated cost of the
building works ahs been included for these works. As there is
no sewer line in the area a septic tank shall have to be
constructed for which lump sum provision of Rs.700,00 has
been made in the estimate.been made in the estimate.
Provision for compound with a gate in the front and barbed
wire fencing on the sides and back, and approach road have
also been made in the estimate.
A statement of important materials as cement, steel, coal, etc.,
which shall have to be arranged by the department is also
enclosed with the estimate. A rent statement is also enclosed.

47. The work shall be carried on contract by inviting tenders. The
work shall be completed within six months from the date of
start. The estimate work out as Rs. 5,000,00 and is submitted
for sanction and allotment of fund.

48. The estimate has been prepared for the construction of an arch
culvert of 3m span in15 km-300 m on Lucknow -Daulatpur
road. The road at this point is flooded almost every year
during the rainy reason, causing flood and damages in theduring the rainy reason, causing flood and damages in the
area. During the last inspection the Executive Engineer has
asked to prepare an estimate and this estimate has been
prepared in compliance of E.E's letter no -----.dated ----.. the
cost of construction will be met from 50 civil work special
repairs.

49. The culvert has been designed for I.R.A Class a loading. The
catchment area has been determined from the 2.5 cm (1”) map
of the area, which comes to 1200 acres, and the water way has
been calculated by the Talbot formula a = cA 3/
4 ,
where a = waterway in sq. ft ,
A=Catchment area in acres, and
c= constant and has been taken as 0.2. All calculation and
design have been enclosed with the estimate.
The soil has been tested and has been found to be good, and
ordinary spread foundation will be sufficient. The foundation
shall be of cement concrete 1:4:8 and abutments, wing walls
and parapets shall be of brick masonry in 1:5 cement mortar,
the arch work shall be of brick masonry in 1:3 cement mortar.
Exposed surfaces shall be cement pointed 1:2. all works shall
be as per detailed P.W.D Specifications.

50. The estimate has been prepared at P.W.D Schedule of Rates. A
statement of materials, cement, bricks, coal, etc., required for
the construction , has been enclosed with he estimate. The
work shall be executed on contract by inviting tenders and the
work shall be started after the rainy season and shall be
completed within four month's time.
The estimate amounting to Rs. 15,000.00 is submitted for
sanction and allotment of fund.

51. The estimate for the construction of Hindnagar -
kaliganj road of 25 km - 500 in length has been prepared
for linking Kaliganj with the District Headquarters in
compliance with S.E.'s letter no----.dated---------
Kalignaj is an important market place for agricultural productsKalignaj is an important market place for agricultural products
and there are some cottage industries in the area, and there
having no road the area is not being developed. The proposed
road will also serve many villages on either side. The people
of the locality have also represented and demanded separately
for the construction of this road. It is therefore essential to
construct this road. The proposal has been included in the
Fourth Five year Plan and the cost will be met from the Road
Development Fund.

52. Alignment of the road follows an existing card road with
straightening when necessary and avoiding congested areas as far as
possible. Flat curves have been provided with a minimum radius of
150 m. In selecting the alignment principles of shortest route,
serving maximum population, minimum drainage crossing easy
gradient economy of construction, etc.., have been followed. The
road passes mostly through uncultivated area in plane land, and
mostly in banking of 60 cm to 90 cm high excepting a few places
where the road passes in low where high banking will be required.
Planet table survey has been made for the whole length of the road
for 60 m width on each side of the centre line and L-section has
been prepared by taking levels at every 30 m and cross levels have
been taken at every 90 metre. Formation line has been fixed to have
easy gradient and ruling gradient of 1 in 40 has not reached
anywhere. Highest flood level has been kept in view and formation
line has been kept above normal flood level.

53. A number of culverts will be required along the length of the
road and ridge of about 30 m span will be required across the
stream in km 12. A list of bridges and culverts of different
span has been enclosed and provisions have been made on the
basis of running meter of span at the rate of Rs. 5,000.00 per r
m of span for culverts and Rs. 6,000.00 per r m of span for
bridges.Bridges shall have to be designed on I.R.C class A
Loading and their detailed estimate shall have to be prepared
separately.
A present land of 30 m width shall be required and has been
provided in the estimate. Temporary land for borrow pits shall
be required for one year for taking earth for embankment and
provision has been made accordingly

54. The whole work of construction shall be spread in five years, earth work
one year, rest for settlement one year, metalling two years and painting one
year.
Second coat bituminous painting shall be done after one year of 1st cost of
painting and cost of painting shall be met from maintenance grant.
All works shall be done strictly as per detailed P.W.D Specifications. The
estimate has been prepared at P.W.D Schedule of rates and local currentestimate has been prepared at P.W.D Schedule of rates and local current
rates and analysis of rates have been given for non-schedule items. The
work shall be done by contract by inviting tenders.
Survey Plan, L-sections and Cross-sections of the proposed road are
enclosed with the estimate. An index plan showing the alignment has also
been enclosed.
The estimate amounting to Rs. 25,00,000.00 has been submitted for
sanction and allotment of fund.

55. It is an offer in writing to execute some specified work or to
supply some specified articles at certain rates, within a fixed
time under certain conditions of contract and agreement,
between the contractor and the department or owner or party.
the construction of work is usually done by contract. Sealed
tenders are invited and the work is usually entrusted to thetenders are invited and the work is usually entrusted to the
lowest tender. While inviting the tenders the bill of quantities,
detailed specifications, conditions of contract and plans and
drawings are supplied on payment of the requisite cost to the
contractors who tender or quote their rates.

56. 1. Open tender– An oral talk or written document between the
Engineer and the Contractor for certain small jobs to be
performed. Sometimes it is advertised.
2. Sealed tender—Invited for important or huge projects;
wide publicity is given; always written documents are made.
3. Limited tender—Only a selected no. of contractors are
invited to quote their rates.
4. Single tender—Invitation is given to only one firm to render
a service by quoting their rates. If the quoted rates are high,it
will be negotiated prior to the agreement of the contract.

57. Rate contract—usually adopted for supply of materials,
machine, tools & plant, etc. (items to the store). It specifies the
supply at a fixed rate during the period of contract. The
quantities are not mentioned in type of contract and the
contractor is bound to accept any order which would be placed
before him.
For a CONTRACT to be valid, there must be an offerFor a CONTRACT to be valid, there must be an offer
from the owner in the form of tender notice to get some
specified work to be executed and there must be an acceptance
from the contractor to execute the work, both the offer and the
acceptance must be definite and legal.

58. Lowest bid can be obtained due to competition
Contractor selection can be made upon previous
experience.
Quality of work can be assuredQuality of work can be assured
Personal interest, partiality can be eliminated

59. Preparation of tender documents
Issue of tender notice
Submission and opening of tendersSubmission and opening of tenders
Acceptance of tender and award of contract

60. Tamilnadu Transparencies in Tender act, 2000.
Categories of procurement
Construction
Supply of goods
servicesservices
Tender inviting authority shall decide the method of tendering

61. Publicity
The District Tender Bulletin shall be published by the
District Bulletin Officer at least once in every week.
The State Tender Bulletin shall be published by the State
Tender Bulletin Officer at least once in every week.
Publication in newspaper
The Tender Inviting Authority shall have the notice inviting
tenders published in the Indian Trade Journal in all casestenders published in the Indian Trade Journal in all cases
where the value of procurement exceeds rupees fifty crores.

62. Tender for work or supply are invited by issuing tender notice
in prescribed form. In the tender notice the following
particulars are given:
i. Name of the authorities inviting tender
ii. Name of work and its locationii. Name of work and its location
iii. Estimated cost
iv. Time of completion
v. Cost of complete set of tender forms and conditions
vi. Date, time and place of tender
vii. Amount of earnest money deposit and security money
viii. Validity of tender, etc.

63. 1. General conditions of tender
2. Schedule of items of work with clear specifications
3. Special conditions:
i. notice inviting tender in specified form like PWD 6.
ii. Layout plan, location of work.ii. Layout plan, location of work.
iii. Division in which location is situated.
iv. Schedule of quantities of work.
v. Nearest road/railway link.
vi. Set of drawings including working drawings.
vii. Availability of materials in the vicinity

64. viii. Detailed specifications or reference to standard
specifications for each item of work.
ix. Complete architectural and structural drawing.
x. The project indicating the rates and their place of supply.
xi. Schedule of tools & plant and other facilities to be made
available by the owner, indicating the conditions, hire
charges and place of delivery.
xii. Rate of supply of power and the point of supply.xii. Rate of supply of power and the point of supply.
xiii. Location of water supply point.
xiv. Time for completion and the progress to be made at
intervals of time.
xv. Conditions regarding employment of technical personnel.
xvi. Weather conditions in the area.
xvii. Amount of EMD and the form in which it is to be paid.

65. xviii.Insistence on Income tax and sales tax clearance certificate
xix. Amount of Security deposit to be paid/ deducted from
running bills of contractors should be notified in the tender
call notice
xx. Mode of payment for work done
xxi. Power to reject tenders without assigning reasons
xxii. Penalty conditions for slow progress and delay in the
completion of workcompletion of work
xxiii. Designation of arbitration authority in case of disputes

66. EARNEST MONEY DEPOSIT(EMD):
It is the amount of money to be deposited along with the
tender document to the department by the contractors quoting
a tender.
This money is a guarantee against the refusal of any contractorThis money is a guarantee against the refusal of any contractor
to take up the work after the acceptance of his tender.
In case of refusal, this amount is forfeited.
EMD of contractors whose tenders are not accepted will be
refunded.
1% - 2% of the estimated cost of work is the Earnest Money
Deposit.

67. SECURITY DEPOSIT(SD):
At the time of execution of the contract agreement, the
successful tender has to deposit a further sum of 10% of the
contract amount to the department. This amount is known as
security deposit.
This amount is kept check so that contractor fulfills all terms
and condition of the contract.

68. After issue of tender document to bidders, the tender opening
authority permits an officer to receive the tenders.
Tender box marked with the date and time of opening the
tender is placed in a suitable place.tender is placed in a suitable place.
Contractors places the tenders in the tender box which will
be locked and kept

69. The sealed tenders received are to be opened in the presence of
contractors or their representatives tendering for the work at the
time and place already notified.
The divisional accountant is requested to presence on such
occasion whenever possible.occasion whenever possible.
The officer opening the tenders has to read out the rates
offered in case of item rate and percentage rate tenders and
amount in case of lump sum tenders for information of all those
present.

70. To avoid tampering in rates , in original tenders, before a
comparative statement is made out and put up to him by the
office, he has to attest the corrections, overwriting etc in red
ink, number them and put his initial at the foot of each page of
documents attached to tenders.

71. After investigation the comparative statement, the
lowest tender shall be accepted as a rule by the
competent authority.
If for any reason the lowest tender is not accepted,If for any reason the lowest tender is not accepted,
reasons should be recorded confidentially.

72. It is a process of carrying out entire tendering cycle
online including submission of price bid such that
efficiency, economy, speed of the internet can beefficiency, economy, speed of the internet can be
harnessed.

73. It is a process of carrying
out entire tendering cycle
online including submission
of price bid such that
NOTICE
efficiency, economy, speed
of the internet can be
harnessed.

74. 1. Completely automated process
2. Shortens time
3. Great transparency
4. Minimize human errors4. Minimize human errors
5. Anytime and anywhere the contractors can bid
6. No dependence of newspaper, courier and bank
7. Saves travelling cost
8. No tender can be missed because of distance
9. Can submit bid on last minute

75. Manual tendering E-tendering
1. Longer time Short time
2. Expensive Economical
3. Paper based procurement Environment friendly
4. No work on holidays Bidding possible on holidays.
5.Wastage on space to store bids Lifelong storage on CD

76. Drafting a specimen tender notice
OFFICE OF E.E.
SPECIAL WORKS DIVISION
M.G.ROAD,PUNE-01
Tender notice
No: ---90/01/14-15 Date:12/1/15No: ---90/01/14-15 Date:12/1/15
sealed item rate tenders are in B2 are invited by Executive engineer
public works division Pune from the registered contractors in appropriate
class for the the following works.
Sr.n
o
Name of work Estimated
cost in Rs
Earnest
money
In RS
Security
deposit
In Rs
Time of
completion
1 Construction of guest
house building for
Govt.poly. pune
3021500/- 30215/- 151075/- 18 months

77. Blank tender form at a non refundable cost of Rs.500/-(600/-
by post) can be obtained from the office of Executive Engineer
P W Division no.1 Pune up to 4.00 pm during working hours
on all working hours ( Except holidays) from ------------ to ----
-----.
Tenders will be received in office of EE up to 3.00 pm on -----
-- and shall be opened on the same day at 4.0 pm in presence
of contractors who may likely to attend.of contractors who may likely to attend.
The undersigned reserves the right to reject any or all tenders,
without assigning any reasons.
sd/-
Executive Engineer

78. Encryption is translation of data into a secret code called a
cipher text. Decryption is the process of decoding data that has
been encrypted into a secret format this requires secret code or
password.
In today’s world Internet has touched each and every aspect ofIn today’s world Internet has touched each and every aspect of
life changing the way we work, communicate and live. But the
major concern has been about the security and privacy of the
data that is being exchanged via Internet especially when you
are sending the sensitive information through it. Amongst
many ways of securing data, encrypting the sensitive data is
the most popular and effective way to have data security.

79. computer encryption uses the science of cryptography. As the
human-based code is too easy for a computer to crack, most of the
encryption systems belong to the one of two categories.
Symmetric-key encryption:
In Symmetric-key encryption technique single key is used to
encrypt and decrypt the message.
Public-key encryption:
While in public-key (or asymmetric) encryption technique, uses one
key (private key) to encrypt a message while another key (publickey (private key) to encrypt a message while another key (public
key) to decrypt the message. Public-key encryption uses the
combination of a private key and a public key. The private key is
kept secret and is only known to the person who encrypts the
message, while the public key is freely disseminated which helps to
verify the message. To decode an encrypted message, receiver uses
the public key of the sender and his own private key.

80. Encryption/Decryption is advisable while carrying out any
kind of sensitive transaction, such as a online purchases or the
communication of a company sensitive documents between
different departments in the organization etc.
Encryption of the data ensures its secrecy and/or privacy.
E-Lock Digital Signature products and solutions enable users
to sign the electronic documents digitally and encrypt them
which assures the user of data integrity, confidentiality,
security and non-repudiation of documents and transactions.security and non-repudiation of documents and transactions.
E-Lock also provides the solutions which are PKCS#7
compliant and can be integrated with various online
applications like e-tendering, e-banking imparting security to
the data transactions online.

81. General Process:
Web based Reverse Auction is an auction held online in which
bidders compete among them for that specific tender.
Reverse Auction is applicable to tender for which NLCIL
decides to conduct Reverse Auction. This is decided bydecides to conduct Reverse Auction. This is decided by
NLCIL after opening of the price covers. Bidders who are all
qualified are allowed to participate in Reverse Auction.
Once NLCIL decides to conduct Reverse Auction for a tender,
An Email intimation will be sent to the all qualified bidders
with the details of terms and conditions, date and time, start
price and decrement value.

82. The auction will be held for a minimum duration (One hour)
on the specified date and time. If any bids are received in the
last 10 minutes the auction duration will be extended by 10
minutes.
Vendors shall start with a preset initial bid price and shall
reduce their bids by the specified decrement values.
Only the Vendor with the lowest price at the closure of the
auction will be considered for further processing.auction will be considered for further processing.

83. The bidder have to login to NLCIL e-contract
site https://econts.nlcindia.com at the stipulated time to
participate in the Reverse Auction.
The menu Active Reverse Auction shows the number of active
auction(s) that are either in progress or yet to start. Click on
this link to view the list of active calculator button for Reversethis link to view the list of active calculator button for Reverse
Auction(s), as shown below.