This presentation will give the brief introduction to the specifications, its different types along with link to example of detailed specifications. Specifications of buildings and roads are discussed.
Brief description is given about different types of estimates of buildings in civil engineering with basic technical terminology used in civil engineering field
This presentation covers introduction to Estimating and costing and its importance. Also, types of estimation, different terms and provisions used in estimating, are explained in it. Format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet and the rate analysis has been covered in this presentation. It can be helpful to study basics of estimating and costing.
A study project on Low cost housing. The various construction techniques available for reduction of cost of a building are discussed. A study is also performed on the citizens of Vijayawada and the interpreted results are shown.
Detailed specification of an item of work specifies the quantities of materials, proportion of mortar, workmanship, method of preparation & execution and method of measurement.
Detailed specifications of different items of works are prepared separately and describe what the work should be and these shall be executed and constructed.
This presentation will give the brief introduction to the specifications, its different types along with link to example of detailed specifications. Specifications of buildings and roads are discussed.
Brief description is given about different types of estimates of buildings in civil engineering with basic technical terminology used in civil engineering field
This presentation covers introduction to Estimating and costing and its importance. Also, types of estimation, different terms and provisions used in estimating, are explained in it. Format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet and the rate analysis has been covered in this presentation. It can be helpful to study basics of estimating and costing.
A study project on Low cost housing. The various construction techniques available for reduction of cost of a building are discussed. A study is also performed on the citizens of Vijayawada and the interpreted results are shown.
Detailed specification of an item of work specifies the quantities of materials, proportion of mortar, workmanship, method of preparation & execution and method of measurement.
Detailed specifications of different items of works are prepared separately and describe what the work should be and these shall be executed and constructed.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
3. The process of determining rate of any work in
Civil Engineering project like earthwork,
concrete work, brickwork, plastering, painting
etc. is known as Analysis of Rates or simply Rate
Analysis.
The rates of these works further help in
determining cost of particular work and in turn
cost of the project.
The rate of any process or work depends on
various factors.
4. The various factors that are involved in determining
rate of any process or work are mentioned below :
Specifications of works and material about their
quality, proportion and constructional operation
method.
Quantity of materials and their costs.
Cost of labour and their wages.
Location of site of work and the distances from
source and conveyance charges.
Overhead and establishment charges
Profit
5. To determine the actual cost per unit of the
items.
To work out the economical use of materials and
processes in completing the particulars item.
To calculate the cost of extra items which are
not provided in the contract bond, but are to be
executed as per the directions of the
department.
To revise the schedule of rates due to increase in
the cost of material and labour or due to change
in technique.
6. Labour : May be classified into three types.
Skilled Ist class
Skilled IInd class
Unskilled
Labour charges can be obtained from Schedule of Rates. 30% of
the skilled labour in data should be taken as Ist class and
remaining 70% as IInd class.
Lead Statement :The distance between the source of
availability of material and construction site is known as
Lead and is calculated in km.The conveyance cost of
material depends on lead
The lead statement will give the total cost of materials per unit
item including first cost, conveyance loading-unloading,
stacking charges etc.
7. S.No. Materials Cost at
Source
Per Lead in Km Conveyance
charges per
Km
1 Rough Stone 260.00 cum 18 5.00/cum
2 Sand 12.00 cum 25 4.00/cum
3 Cement 2100.00 tonn Local -
S.No. Mtls. Cost at
Source
Per Lead
in
Km
Conveyance
charges Rs.
Total
Conveyance
charges Rs.
Total Cost
Rs.
1 Rough
Stone
260.00 cum 18 5.00/cum 5×18= 90.00 260+90=
350.00
2 Sand 12.00 cum 25 4.00/cum 4×25= 100.00 100+12=
112.00
3 Cement 2100.00 tonn Local - - 2100/
tonn
Analysis of Rates from Lead Statement
8. Lead : During the earthwork, the average horizontal
distance between center of excavation to the center
of deposition is known as Lead.
Lead is normally calculated in multiple of 50m
Lift : Similarly during the earthwork, the average
height through which soil has to be lifted from source
to the place of spreading(also known as heaping) is
known as Lift.
The first Lift is taken upto 2m.
The extra lift is counted for upto 1m after the first lift and
so on.
9. Let us say we need to calculate number of lifts
when soil is to be lifted 3.5m from the source.
Upto 2m : 1 Lift
1m : 1 Lift
0.5m : 1 Lift
Total number of Lifts are 3 in this case.
10. For practicing how to carry out Rate Analysis ,
please refer the following books :
Estimating and Costing by B.N. Datta, UBSPD,
New Delhi
Estimating and Costing by G.S. Birdie, Dhanpat
Rai Publication New Delhi
Estimating and Costing byV.N. Chakravorty,
Calcutta
Civil Engg. Contracts & Estimates by B.S. Patil,
Orient-Longman Ltd., New Delhi