This document provides calculations to estimate costs for excavation work, lean concrete, hardcore, and concrete work below the lowest floor level of a building. It includes: 1. Estimates for excavation costs to reduce level, excavate pits for pad footings and stumps, and excavate trenches for ground beams. 2. Estimates for costs of lean concrete and hardcore to lay binding screeds under pad footings, ground beams, and the ground floor slab. 3. Estimates material and labor costs to calculate unit rates for vibrated reinforced concrete for pad footings, column stumps, ground beams, and concrete beds at different thicknesses. The calculations follow a consistent format of determining

1. ELEMENT 1 – WORK BELOW LOWEST FLOOR LEVEL
1. Estimate Excavation Cost
a. Excavation to Reduce Level
Data:
• Size: 15.00m x 12.00m = 180.00m² (Depth: 0.10m)
• Excavation Output: 1.75 – 2.00 hour/m³
• Require 1 general construction worker at RM52.50/day
• Allow 15% profit including overhead
b. Excavation in Pits for Pad Footing and Stump
Data:
• Pit Size: 1.50m x 1.50m x 1.55m deep
• Excavation Output: 3.00 – 4.50 hour/m³
• Require 2 general construction worker at RM52.50/day
• Allow 15% profit including overhead
*Backfilling (30% of the excavation)
c. Excavation in Trench for Ground Beam
Data:
• Trench Size: 5.00m x 1.50m x 1.20m deep
• Excavation Output: 2.00 – 2.75 hour/m³
• Require 2 general construction worker at RM52.50/day
• Allow 15% profit including overhead

2. Calculation:
1.a. Cost for Excavation to Reduce Level
Excavation Quantity
Size: 15.00m x 12.00m x 0.10m = 18.00m³
Size < 1.50m deep = 18.00m³
Excavation Time Required
Size < 1.50m deep = 18.00m³ x 1.75 hour/m³ = 31.5 hours
Excavation Cost
General construction worker at RM 52.50/day/person, 1day= 8hours
Cost for 1 general construction worker = (31.5hours / 8.0hours) x RM 52.50 =
RM206.72
Unit Rate for Excavation to Reduce Level
Unit rate for excavation to reduce level = RM 206.72 / 18.00 m³ = RM 11.48/m³
100mm thick = RM 11.48/m³ x 0.10m = RM 1.15/m²
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM 1.15/m² x 1.15 = RM1.32/m²
Total Cost for Excavation to Reduce Level
RM1.32/m² x 180.00m² = RM237.60

3. Calculation:
1.b. Cost for Excavation in Pits for Pad Footing and Stump
Excavation Quantity
Pit Size: 1.50m x 1.50m x 1.55m = 3.49m³
Pit Size < 1.50m deep = 1.50m x 1.50m x 1.50m = 3.38m³
Pit Size 1.50m – 3.00m deep = 1.50m x 1.50m x (1.55 - 1.50m) = 0.11m³
Excavation Time Required
Pit Size < 1.50m deep = 3.38m³ x 3.00hour/m³ = 10.14hours
Pit Size 1.50m – 3.00m deep = 0.11m³ x 3.50hour/m³ = 0.39hours
Total time required for excavation = 10.14hours + 0.39hours = 10.53hours
Excavation Cost
General construction worker at RM 52.50/day/person, 1day= 8hours
Cost for 2 general construction worker =
[(10.53hours / 8.0hours) x RM 52.50] x 2 = RM138.21
Unit Rate in Pits for Pad Footing and Stump
Unit rate for excavation in pits = RM138.21 / 4 m³ = RM 34.55/m³
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM 34.55 x 1.15 = RM39.73/m³
Total Cost in Pits for Pad Footing and Stump
RM39.73/m³ x 4.00m³ = RM 158.92
Unit Rate for Backfilling (30%)
RM39.73/m³ x 0.30 = RM 11.92/m³
Total Cost for Backfilling (30%)
RM 158.92 x 0.30 = RM47.68

4. Calculation:
1.c. Cost for Excavation in Trench for Ground Beam
Excavation Quantity
Trench Size: 5.00m X 1.50m X 1.20m = 9.00m³
Trench Size < 1.50m deep = 9.00m³
Excavation Time Required
Trench Size < 1.50m deep = 9.00m³ x 2.00hour/m³ = 4.50hours
Excavation Cost
General construction worker at RM 52.50/day/person, 1day= 8hours
Cost for 2 general construction worker =
[(4.50hours / 8.0hours) x RM 52.50] x 2 = RM59.06
Unit Rate for Excavation in Trench for Ground Beam
Unit rate for excavation in trench = RM59.06 / 9.00 m³ = RM6.56/m³
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM6.56/m³ x 1.15 = RM 7.54/m³
Total Cost for Excavation in Trench for Ground Beam
RM7.54/m³ x 9.00m³ = RM67.86

5. 2. Estimate Lean Concrete and Hardcore Cost
a. Lean Concrete (Grade 15) to:
i. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under pad footing
ii. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under ground beam
iii. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under ground floor slab
Data:
Cost of Concrete
• Use 1:2:4 concrete design (Grade 15)
• Ordinary Portland Cement at 1420kg/m³ at RM16.96/50kg
• Fine Aggregate at 1600kg/m³ at RM40.99/tonne
• Coarse Aggregate at 1400kg/m³ at RM41.69/tonne
• Shrinkage, consolidation and wastage 50%
Cost of Labour
• Labour gang consists of:
2 skilled concreter (foreign) at RM75.20/day/person, and;
1 semi-skilled concreter (foreign) at RM52.50/day/person
• 1 mixer output at 1.20m³/hour
• Cost of 1 mixer including fuel RM400.00/month
• Additional labour for placing of concrete at 0.60hour/m³, RM52.50/day
• Allow 15% profit including overhead

6. Calculation:
Cost for Lean Concrete (Grade 15)
Material Cost
Use 1:2:4 concrete design
OPC at 1420kg/m³ at RM16.96/50kg= (1420 x 16.96) / 50 =
RM481.66/m³
Fine Agg. at 1600kg/m³ at RM40.99/tonne= [(1600 x 40.99) / 1000] x 2=
RM131.17/m³
Coarse Agg. at 1400kg/m³ at RM41.69/tonne=[(1400 x 41.69) / 1000] x 4=
RM233.46/m³
Gross cost/7m³ = RM846.29/7m³
Add Shrinkage, consolidation & wastage 50%= RM846.29/7m³ x 1.50=
RM1269.44/7m³
Cost for 1m³ of concrete mix= RM1269.44 / 7m³ = RM181.35/m³
Plant Cost
1 mixer at 1.2m³/hour, RM400.00/month
1 month= RM400.00, 1day= RM13.33, 1hour= RM1.67
(1 hour / 1.2m³) x RM1.67 = RM1.39/m³
Labour Cost
2 skilled concreter (foreign) = {[(1 / 1.2) x 75.20] / 8} x 2 = RM15.67/m³
1 semi-skilled concretor (foreign) = [(1 / 1.2) x 52.50] / 8 = RM5.47/m³
Additional labour for placing concrete (0.60 x 52.50) / 8 = RM3.94/m³
Total labour cost = RM25.08/m³

7. Summary of Unit Rate for Lean Concrete (Grade 15) to:
i. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under pad footing
ii. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under ground beam
iii. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under ground floor slab
Material cost + Plant cost + Labour cost = RM207.82/m³
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM207.82/m³ x 1.15 = RM238.99/m³
50mm binding screed x 0.05m
= RM11.95/m²
Total Cost for Lean Concrete (Grade 15) to:
i. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under pad footing
RM11.95/m² x 2m² = RM23.90
ii. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under ground beam
RM11.95/m² x 17m² = RM203.15
iii. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under ground floor slab
RM11.95/m² x 120m² = RM1434.00

8. 2. Estimate Lean Concrete and Hardcore Cost
b. 150mm thick Hardcore to:
i. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under pad footing
ii. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under ground beam
iii. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under ground floor slab
Data:
Material Cost
• Hardcore material RM65/m³ (6% GST excluded)
• Allow 10% compaction
Labour Cost
• 1 general construction worker at RM52.50/day
• Allow 15% profit including overhead

9. Calculation:
Cost for 150mm thick Hardcore to:
i. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under pad footing
ii. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under ground beam
iii. 50mm binding screed, spread and leveled under ground floor slab
Material Cost
Hardcore material = RM65/m³ x 1.06 = RM68.90/m³
10% Compaction = RM68.90/m³ x 1.10 = RM75.79/m³
Labour Cost
1 general construction worker at RM52.50/day = [(1 / 1.2) x 52.50] / 8 =
RM5.47/m³
Summary of Unit Rate
Material cost + Labour cost = RM81.26/m³
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM81.26/m³ x 1.15 = RM93.45/m³
150mm thick hardcore = RM93.45/m³ x 0.15m = RM14.02/m²
Total Cost of 150mm thick Hardcore under Pad Footing
RM14.02/m² x 2m² = RM28.04
Total Cost of 150mm thick Hardcore under Ground Beam
RM14.02/m² x 17m² = RM238.34
Total Cost of 150mm thick Hardcore under Concrete Slab
RM14.02/m² x 120m² = RM1682.40

10. 3. Estimate Concrete Cost
a. Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 as described filled into
formwork and well packed around reinforcement in:
i. Pad Footing
ii. Column Stump
iii. Ground Beam
b. Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 30 as described filled into
formwork and well packed around reinforcement in:
i. 125mm thick bed spread and levelled on binding screed
ii. 175mm thick bed spread and levelled on binding screed
Data:
Cost of Concrete
• Use 1:1:2 concrete design (Grade 25)
• Use 1:2:3 concrete design (Grade 30)
• Ordinary Portland Cement at 1420kg/m³ at RM16.96/50kg
• Fine Aggregate at 1600kg/m³ at RM40.99/tonne
• Coarse Aggregate at 1400kg/m³ at RM41.69/tonne
• Shrinkage, consolidation and wastage 50%
Cost of Labour
• Labour gang consists of:

11. 3 skilled concreter (foreign) at RM75.20/day/person, and;
2 semi-skilled concreter (foreign) at RM52.50/day/person
• 1 mixer output at 1.20m³/hour
• Cost of 1 mixer including fuel RM400.00/month
• Additional labour for placing of concrete at 0.60hour/m³, RM52.50/day
• Additional labour for working around reinforcement at 0.55hour/m³, RM52.50/day
• Cost of vibrator, RM400.00/month
• Allow 15% profit including overhead
Calculation:
Cost of Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 as described filled into
formwork and well packed around reinforcement in:
i. Pad Footing
ii. Column Stump
iii. Ground Beam
Cost of Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 30 as described filled into
formwork and well packed around reinforcement in:
i. 125mm thick bed spread and levelled on binding screed
ii. 175mm thick bed spread and levelled on binding screed
Material Cost for Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25
Use 1:1:2 concrete design
OPC at 1420kg/m³ at RM16.96/50kg= (1420 x 16.96) / 50 =
RM481.66/m³
Fine Aggregate at 1600kg/m³ at RM40.99/tonne= (1600 x 40.99) / 1000 =
RM65.58/m³
Coarse Agg. at 1400kg/m³ at RM41.69/tonne=[(1400 x 41.69) / 1000] x 2=

12. RM116.73/m³
Gross cost/4m³ = RM663.97/4m³
Add Shrinkage, consolidation and wastage 50%= RM663.97/4m³ x 1.50=
RM995.96/4m³
Cost for 1m³ of concrete mix= RM995.96 / 4m³ = RM248.99/m³
Plant Cost
1 mixer & vibrator at 1.2m³/hour, RM400.00/month
1 month= RM400.00, 1day= RM13.13, 1hour= RM1.67
(1 hour / 1.2m³) x RM1.67 = RM1.39/m³
Total plant cost = RM1.39/m³ x 2 = RM2.78/m³
Labour Cost
3 skilled concreter (foreign) = {[(1 / 1.2) x 75.20] / 8} x 3 = RM23.50/m³
2 semi-skilled concretor (foreign) = {[(1 / 1.2) x 52.50] / 8} x 2 = RM10.94/m³
Additional labour for placing concrete = (0.60 x 52.50) / 8 = RM3.94/m³
Additional labour for working around reinforcement = (0.55 x 52.50) / 8 =
RM3.61/m³
Total labour cost = RM41.99/m³
Summary of Unit Rate for Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25
Material cost + Plant cost + Labour cost = RM293.76/m³
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM293.76/m³ x 1.15 = RM337.82/m³
Total Cost for Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 to Pad Footing
RM337.82/m³ x 1m³ = RM337.82
Total Cost for Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 to Column Stump
RM337.82/m³ x 1m³ = RM337.82
Total Cost for Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 to Ground Beam
RM337.82/m³ x 4m³ = RM1351.28

13. Calculation:
Cost of Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 30 as described filled into
formwork and well packed around reinforcement in:
i. 125mm thick bed spread and levelled on binding screed
ii. 175mm thick bed spread and levelled on binding screed
Material Cost for Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25
Use 1:2:3 concrete design
OPC at 1420kg/m³ at RM16.96/50kg= (1420 x 16.96) / 50 =
RM481.66/m³
Fine Agg. at 1600kg/m³ at RM40.99/tonne= [(1600 x 40.99) / 1000] x 2 =
RM131.17/m³
Coarse Agg. at 1400kg/m³ at RM41.69/tonne=[(1400 x 41.69) / 1000] x 3=
RM175.10/m³
Gross cost/6m³ = RM787.93/6m³
Add Shrinkage, consolidation & wastage 50%= RM787.93/6m³ x 1.50=
RM1181.90/4m³
Cost for 1m³ of concrete mix= RM1181.90 / 4m³ = RM295.48/m³

14. Plant Cost
1 mixer & vibrator at 1.2m³/hour, RM400.00/month
1 month= RM400.00, 1day= RM13.13, 1hour= RM1.67
(1 hour / 1.2m³) x RM1.67 = RM1.39/m³
Total plant cost = RM1.39/m³ x 2 = RM2.78/m³
Labour Cost
3 skilled concreter (foreign) = {[(1 / 1.2) x 75.20] / 8} x 3 = RM23.50/m³
2 semi-skilled concretor (foreign) = {[(1 / 1.2) x 52.50] / 8} x 2 = RM10.94/m³
Additional labour for placing concrete = (0.60 x 52.50) / 8 = RM3.94/m³
Additional labour for working around reinforcement = (0.55 x 52.50) / 8 =
RM3.61/m³
Total labour cost = RM41.99/m³
Summary of Unit Rate for Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 30 to 125mm
thick bed
Material cost + Plant cost + Labour cost = RM340.25/m³
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM340.25/m³ x 1.15 = RM391.29/m³
125mm thick bed = RM391.29/m³ x 0.125m = RM48.91/m²
Summary of Unit Rate for Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 30 to 175mm
thick bed
Material cost + Plant cost + Labour cost = RM340.25/m³
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM340.25/m³ x 1.15 = RM391.29/m³
175mm thick bed = RM391.29/m³ x 0.175m = RM68.48/m²
Total Cost for Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 30 to 125mm thick bed
RM48.91/m² x 104m² = RM5086.64
Total Cost for Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 30 to 175mm thick bed
RM68.48/m² X 14m² = RM958.72

15. 4. Estimate Formwork Cost
Sawn formwork as described to:
i. sides of pad footing
ii. sides of column stump
iii. sides of ground beam
iv. edge of concrete exceeding 100mm, not exceeding 200mm high
Data:
• 3m² of 12mm plywood at RM59.36
• Cutting waste 15%
• Allow 4 uses of timber formwork
• Waste on each use 10%
• Nails, bolts at RM1.10/m² (6% GST excluded)
• Require 1 skilled formwork carpenter at RM89/10/day/person, and;

16. 2 general construction worker (foreign) at RM52.50/day/person
• Require 8 hours to erect and fix all formwork
• Allow 15% profit including overhead
Calculation:
Cost of formwork as described to:
i. sides of pad footing
ii. sides of column stump
iii. sides of ground beam
Material Cost for Formwork to Sides of Pad Footing, Column Stump and
Ground Beam
3m² of 12mm plywood at RM59.36 = RM59.36 / 3m² = RM19.79m²
Allow 15% cutting waste = RM19.79 x 0.15 = RM2.97/m²
Cost of Timber = RM22.76/m²
Allow 4 uses of timber formwork = RM22.76 / 4 = RM5.69/m²

17. Waste on each use 10% = RM5.69 X 0.10 = RM0.57/m²
Nails, bolts at RM1.10/m² x 1.06 = RM1.17/m²
Cost of reused formwork = RM7.43/m²
Labour Cost for Formwork to Sides of Pad Footing
1 skilled formwork carpenter = RM89.10 = RM89.10/8hours
2 general construction worker (foreign) = RM52.50 x 2 = RM105.00/8hours
RM194.10/8hours
RM194.10/8hours = RM194.10 / 5m² = RM38.82/m²
Labour Cost for Formwork to Sides of Column Stump
1 skilled formwork carpenter = RM89.10 = RM89.10/8hours
2 general construction worker (foreign) = RM52.50 x 2 = RM105.00/8hours
RM194.10/8hours
RM194.10/8hours = RM194.10 / 14m² = RM13.86/m²
Labour Cost for Formwork to Sides of Ground Beam
1 skilled formwork carpenter = RM89.10 = RM89.10/8hours
2 general construction worker (foreign) = RM52.50 x 2 = RM105.00/8hours
RM194.10/8hours
RM194.10/8hours = RM194.10 / 7m² = RM27.73/m²
Summary of Unit Rate for Formwork to Sides of Pad Footing
Material Cost + Labour Cost = RM7.43/m² + RM38.82/m² = RM46.25/m²

18. Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM46.25/m² x 1.15 = RM53.19/m²
Summary of Unit Rate for Formwork to Sides of Column Stump
Material Cost + Labour Cost = RM7.43/m² + RM13.86/m² = RM21.29/m²
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM21.29/m² x 1.15 = RM24.48/m²
Summary of Unit Rate for Formwork to Sides of Ground Beam
Material Cost + Labour Cost = RM7.43/m² + RM27.73/m² = RM35.16/m²
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM35.16/m² x 1.15 = RM40.43/m²
Total Cost for Formwork to Sides of Pad Footing
Total Cost = RM53.19/m² x 5m² = RM265.95
Total Cost for Formwork to Sides of Column Stump
Total Cost = RM24.48/m² x 14m² = RM342.72
Total Cost for Formwork to Sides of Ground Beam
Total Cost = RM40.43/m² x 7m² = RM283.01
Calculation:
Cost of formwork as described to:
iv. edge of concrete exceeding 100mm, not exceeding 200mm high
Material Cost for Formwork
3m² of 12mm plywood at RM59.36 = RM59.36 / 3m² = RM19.79m²
Allow 15% cutting waste = RM19.79 x 0.15 = RM2.97/m²
Cost of Timber = RM22.76/m²
Allow 4 uses of timber formwork = RM22.76 / 4 = RM5.69/m²
Waste on each use 10% = RM5.69 X 0.10 = RM0.57/m²
Nails, bolts at RM1.10/m² x 1.06 = RM1.17/m²
Cost of reused formwork = RM7.43/m²
150mm thick concrete slab = RM7.43/m² x 0.15 = RM1.11/m
Labour Cost for Formwork
1 skilled formwork carpenter = RM89.10 = RM89.10/8hours
2 general construction worker (foreign) = RM52.50 x 2 = RM105.00/8hours

19. RM194.10/8hours
RM194.10/8hours = RM194.10 / 44m = RM4.41/m
Summary of Unit Rate for Formwork
Material Cost + Labour Cost = RM1.11/m + RM4.41/m = RM5.52/m
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM5.52/m x 1.15 = RM6.35/m
Total Cost for Formwork
Total Cost = RM6.35/m x 44m = RM279.40
5. Estimate Mild Steel Reinforcement Bar Cost
a. 8mm Diameter in:
i. Column Stump as Links
ii. Ground Beam as Stirrups
Data:
Material Cost
• 8mm diameter bar delivered to site at RM1000.00/tonne
• Allow for labour stacking and loading at RM5/tonne
• Tie wire at 0.66kg/100kg of reinforcement bar at RM4/kg (6% GST excluded)
• Allow spacers at RM4/tonne of rebar
• Allow 7% waste
• Rolling margin RM22/tonne

20. • Allow 15% profit including overhead
Labour Cost
• Require 1 skilled barbender (foreign) at RM83.60/day, and;
1 general construction worker (foreign) at RM52.50/day
• Allow 10% idling time
• Allow 15% profit including overheads
• Time analysis for 100kg of reinforcement bar
Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Calculation:

21. Cost for Mild Steel Reinforcement Bar
a. 8mm Diameter in:
i. Column Stump as Links
ii. Ground Beam as Stirrups
Material Cost
8mm diameter mild steel bar delivered to site = RM1000.00/tonne
Allow labour unloading and stacking = RM5.00/tonne
Tie wire = (0.66kg / 100kg) x 1000 x (RM4.00 x 1.06) = RM27.98/tonne
Spacer for rebar = RM4.00/tonne
7% wastage = RM1000.00 x 0.70 = RM700.00/tonne
Rolling margin = RM22.00/tonne
Cost of Meterial = RM1758.98/tonne
Labour Cost
1 skilled barbender (foreign) = RM83.60 / 8 hours = RM10.45/hour
1 general construction worker (foreign) = RM52.50 / 8hours = RM6.56/hour
Gross total = RM17.01/hour
10% idling time = RM17.01 x 1.10 = RM18.71/hour
Time Analysis per 100kg of rebar
Select + Cut + Bend + Fix + Hoist twice = (28+32+35+23+7)minutes =
125minutes
Cost of labour = (125minutes / 60) x RM18.71 = RM38.98/100kg
Cost of Labour = RM389.80/tonne
Summary
Material cosf + Labour cost = RM1758.98 + RM389.80 = RM2148.78/tonne
15% profit including overhead = RM2148.78 x 0.15 = RM322.32/tonne
Unit Rate = RM2471.10/tonne
Total Cost for Links in Column Stump
Quantity = 34kg
Rate = RM2471.10 / 1000 = RM2.47/kg
Rebar Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM83.98
Total Cost for Stirrups in Ground Beam
Quantity = 116kg
Rate = RM2471.10 / 1000 = RM2.47/kg
Rebar Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM286.52

22. 5. Estimate Mild Steel Reinforcement Bar Cost
b. 10mm Diameter in:
i. Pad Footing as Loops
ii. Ground Beam as Stirrups
Data:
Material Cost
• 10mm diameter bar delivered to site at RM2102.33/tonne
• Allow for labour stacking and loading at RM5/tonne
• Tie wire at 0.66kh/100kg of reinforcement bar at RM4/kg (6% GST excluded)
• Allow spacers at RM4/tonne of rebar
• Allow 7% waste
• Rolling margin RM22/tonne
• Allow 15% profit including overhead
Labour Cost
• Require 1 skilled barbender (foreign) at RM83.60/day, and;
1 general construction worker (foreign) at RM52.50/day
• Allow 10% idling time
• Allow 15% profit including overheads
• Time analysis for 100kg of reinforcement bar
Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes

23. Calculation:
Cost for Mild Steel Reinforcement Bar
b. 10mm Diameter in:
i. Pad Footing as Loops
ii. Ground Beam as Stirrups
Material Cost
10mm diameter mild steel bar delivered to site = RM2102.33/tonne
Allow labour unloading and stacking = RM5.00/tonne
Tie wire = (0.66kg / 100kg) x 1000 x (RM4.00 x 1.06) = RM27.98/tonne
Spacer for rebar = RM4.00/tonne
7% wastage = RM2102.33 x 0.70 = RM1471.63/tonne
Rolling margin = RM22.00/tonne
Cost of Meterial = RM3632.94/tonne
Labour Cost
1 skilled barbender (foreign) = RM83.60 / 8 hours = RM10.45/hour
1 general construction worker (foreign) = RM52.50 / 8hours = RM6.56/hour
Gross total = RM17.01/hour
10% idling time = RM17.01 x 1.10 = RM18.71/hour
Time Analysis per 100kg of rebar
Select + Cut + Bend + Fix + Hoist twice = (28+32+35+23+7)minutes =
125minutes
Cost of labour = (125minutes / 60) x RM18.71 = RM38.98/100kg
Cost of Labour = RM389.80/tonne
Summary
Material cosf + Labour cost = RM3632.94 + RM389.80 = RM4022.74/tonne

24. 15% profit including overhead = RM4022.74 x 0.15 = RM603.41/tonne
Unit Rate = RM4626.15/tonne
Total Cost for Loops in Pad Footing
Quantity = 7kg
Rate = RM4626.15 / 1000 = RM4.63/kg
Rebar Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM32.41
Total Cost for Stirrups in Ground Beam
Quantity = 101kg
Rate = RM4626.15 / 1000 = RM4.63/kg
Rebar Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM467.63
6. Estimate High Tensile Reinforcement Bar Cost
a. 10mm Diameter in:
i. Ground Beam
b. 12mm Diameter in:
i. Pad Footing ii. Column Stump iii. Ground Beam
c. 16mm Diameter in:
i. Pad Footing ii. Colump Stump
Data:
Material Cost
• 10mm diameter bar delivered to site at RM1996.33/tonne
• 12mm diameter bar delivered to site at RM1996.33/tonne
• 16mm diameter bar delivered to site at RM1925.67/tonne
• Allow for labour stacking and loading at RM5/tonne
• Tie wire at 0.66kh/100kg of reinforcement bar at RM4.00/kg (6% GST excluded)
• Allow spacers at RM4/tonne of rebar
• Allow 7% waste
• Rolling margin RM22/tonne
• Allow 15% profit including overhead

25. Labour Cost
• Require 1 skilled barbender (foreign) at RM83.60/day, and;
1 general construction worker (foreign) at RM52.50/day
• Allow 10% idling time
• Allow 15% profit including overheads
• Time analysis for 100kg of reinforcement bar
Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Calculation:
Cost for High Tensile Reinforcement Bar
a. 10mm Diameter in:
i. Ground Beam
Material Cost
10mm diameter high tensile bar delivered to site = RM1996.33/tonne
Allow labour unloading and stacking = RM5.00/tonne
Tie wire = (0.66kg / 100kg) x 1000 x (RM4.00 x 1.06) = RM27.98/tonne
Spacer for rebar = RM4.00/tonne
7% wastage = RM1996.33 x 0.70 = RM1397.43/tonne
Rolling margin = RM22.00/tonne
Cost of Meterial = RM3452.74/tonne
Labour Cost
1 skilled barbender (foreign) = RM83.60 / 8 hours = RM10.45/hour
1 general construction worker (foreign) = RM52.50 / 8hours = RM6.56/hour

26. Gross total = RM17.01/hour
10% idling time = RM17.01 x 1.10 = RM18.71/hour
Time Analysis per 100kg of rebar
Select + Cut + Bend + Fix + Hoist twice = (28+32+35+23+7)minutes =
125minutes
Cost of labour = (125minutes / 60) x RM18.71 = RM38.98/100kg
Cost of Labour = RM389.80/tonne
Summary
Material cosf + Labour cost = RM3452.74 + RM389.80 = RM3842.54/tonne
15% profit including overhead = RM3842.54 x 0.15 = RM576.38/tonne
Unit Rate = RM4418.92/tonne
Total Cost for 10mm Diameter High Tensile Bar in Ground Beam
Quantity = 300kg
Rate = RM4418.92 / 1000 = RM4.42/kg
Rebar Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM1326.00
Calculation:
Cost for High Tensile Reinforcement Bar
b. 12mm Diameter in:
i. Pad Footing
ii. Column Stumps
iii. Ground Beam
Material Cost
12mm diameter high tensile bar delivered to site = RM1996.33/tonne
Allow labour unloading and stacking = RM5.00/tonne
Tie wire = (0.66kg / 100kg) x 1000 x (RM4.00 x 1.06) = RM27.98/tonne
Spacer for rebar = RM4.00/tonne
7% wastage = RM1996.33 x 0.70 = RM1397.43/tonne
Rolling margin = RM22.00/tonne
Cost of Meterial = RM3452.66/tonne

27. Labour Cost
1 skilled barbender (foreign) = RM83.60 / 8 hours = RM10.45/hour
1 general construction worker (foreign) = RM52.50 / 8hours = RM6.56/hour
Gross total = RM17.01/hour
10% idling time = RM17.01 x 1.10 = RM18.71/hour
Time Analysis per 100kg of rebar
Select + Cut + Bend + Fix + Hoist twice = (28+32+35+23+7)minutes =
125minutes
Cost of labour = (125minutes / 60) x RM18.71 = RM38.98/100kg
Cost of Labour = RM389.80/tonne
Summary
Material cosf + Labour cost = RM3452.66 + RM389.80 = RM3842.46/tonne
15% profit including overhead = RM3842.46 x 0.15 = RM576.37/tonne
Unit Rate = RM4418.83/tonne
Total Cost for 12mm Diameter High Tensile Bar in Pad Footing
Quantity = 17kg
Rate = RM4418.83 / 1000 = RM4.42/kg
Rebar Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM75.14
Total Cost for 12mm Diameter High Tensile Bar in Column Stumps
Quantity = 90kg
Rate = RM4418.83 / 1000 = RM4.42/kg
Rebar Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM397.80
Total Cost for 12mm Diameter High Tensile Bar in Ground Beam
Quantity = 349kg
Rate = RM4418.83 / 1000 = RM4.42/kg
Rebar Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM1542.58
Calculation:
Cost for High Tensile Reinforcement Bar
c. 16mm Diameter in:
i. Pad Footing
ii. Column Stumps
Material Cost
16mm diameter high tensile bar delivered to site = RM1925.67/tonne
Allow labour unloading and stacking = RM5.00/tonne
Tie wire = (0.66kg / 100kg) x 1000 x (RM4.00 x 1.06) = RM27.98/tonne
Spacer for rebar = RM4.00/tonne
7% wastage = RM1925.67 x 0.70 = RM1347.97/tonne
Rolling margin = RM22.00/tonne
Cost of Meterial = RM3332.62/tonne

28. Labour Cost
1 skilled barbender (foreign) = RM83.60 / 8 hours = RM10.45/hour
1 general construction worker (foreign) = RM52.50 / 8hours = RM6.56/hour
Gross total = RM17.01/hour
10% idling time = RM17.01 x 1.10 = RM18.71/hour
Time Analysis per 100kg of rebar
Select + Cut + Bend + Fix + Hoist twice = (28+32+35+23+7)minutes =
125minutes
Cost of labour = (125minutes / 60) x RM18.71 = RM38.98/100kg
Cost of Labour = RM389.80/tonne
Summary
Material cosf + Labour cost = RM3332.62 + RM389.80 = RM3722.42/tonne
15% profit including overhead = RM3722.42 x 0.15 = RM558.36/tonne
Unit Rate = RM4280.78/tonne
Total Cost for 16mm Diameter High Tensile Bar in Pad Footing
Quantity = 20kg
Rate = RM4280.78 / 1000 = RM4.28/kg
Rebar Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM85.60
Total Cost for 16mm Diameter High Tensile Bar in Column Stumps
Quantity = 100kg
Rate = RM4280.78 / 1000 = RM4.28/kg
Rebar Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM428.00
7. Estimate Layer of Steel Fabric Reinforcement Cost
a. A6: 2.61kg/m² to 125mm slab
b. A8: 3.01kg/m² to 175mm slab
Data:
Material Cost
• A6: 2.61kg/m² at RM6.36/m²
• A8: 3.01kg/m² at RM10.60/m²
• Allow 5% wastage
Labour Cost
• Require 2 general construction workers at RM52.50/day/person

29. • Allow 10% idling time
• Allow 15% profit including overhead
Calculation:
Cost for Layer of Steel Fabric Reinforcement Cost
a. A6: 2.61kg/m² to 125mm slab
Material Cost
A6: 2.61kg/m² material cost = RM6.36/m²
Add 5% wastage = RM6.36/m² x 1.05 = RM6.68/m²
Labour Cost per hour
2 general construction worker (foreign) = (RM52.50 / 8hours) x 2 =
RM13.13/hour
10% idling time = RM13.13 x 1.10 = RM14.44/hour

30. Summary of Unit Rate
Material cost + Labour cost = RM6.68 + RM14.44 = RM20.99/m²
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM20.99/m² x 1.15 = RM24.14/m²
Total Cost
Quantity = 178m²
Rate = RM24.14/m²
BRC Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM4296.92
Calculation:
Cost for Layer of Steel Fabric Reinforcement Cost
b. A8: 3.01kg/m² to 175mm slab
Material Cost
A6: 3.01kg/m² material cost = RM10.60/m²
Add 5% wastage = RM10.60/m² x 1.05 = RM11.13/m²
Labour Cost per hour
2 general construction worker (foreign) = (RM52.50 / 8hours) x 2 =
RM13.13/hour
10% idling time = RM13.13 x 1.10 = RM14.44/hour

31. Summary of Unit Rate
Material cost + Labour cost = RM11.13 + RM14.44 = RM25.57/m²
Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM25.57/m² x 1.15 = RM29.41/m²
Total Cost
Quantity = 28m²
Rate = RM29.41/m²
BRC Cost = Quantity x Rate = RM823.48
Element No. 2 Frame
Estimate Concrete Cost for Beam
A) Reinforced concrete Grade 25 as described filled into formwork and well packed
around beam.
Concrete Data
Cost of concrete:
Use 1:1:2 concrete design (Grade 25)

32. 1. Ordinary Portland Cement at 1420kg/m3
at RM16.96/50kg.
2. Fine aggregate at 1600kg/m3
at RM 40.99/tonne.
3. Coarse aggregate at 1400kg/m3
at RM 41.69/tonne.
4. Shrinkage, consolidation and wastage 50%.
Cost of Labour:
1. Labour gang 5 numbers, 3 skilled concretor and 2 semiskilled concretor, 8 hours/day.
2. Skilled concretor RM75.20/day, semiskilled concretor RM 61.80/day.
3. Additional labour placing concrete into beams 0.60hr/m3
, RM 52.50/day.
4. Additional labour for working around reinforcement, 0.55hr/m3
, RM52.50/day.
5. One mixer output at 1.2 m3
per hour, RM400.00/month including fuel.
6. One concrete vibrator output at 1.2 m3
per hour, RM400.00/month including fuel.
Allow 15% of profit including overhead.
Estimate Grade 25 Concrete Cost for Beam
Step 1 Material Cost
Use 1:1:2 Concrete Design (RM)
Ordinary Portland Cement at 1420kg/m3
at RM 16.96/50kg :(1420/50)xRM16.96 481.66/m3
Fine Aggregate at 1600kg/m3
at RM40.99/tonne: (1600/1000)xRM40.99 65.58/m3
Course Aggregate at 1400kg/m3
at RM41.69/tonne: (1400/1000)xRM41.69x2m3
116.73/2m3
Gross Cost per 4m3
663.97/4m3
Add 50% Shrinkage, consolidation and wastage 663.97x50% 331.99/4m3
995.96/4m3
1m3
of concrete mix: (995.96/4) 248.99/m3
Step 2 Mix-Plant

33. One mixer at 1.2m3
per hour: 1/1.2x[400/(30x8)] 1.39/m3
Step 2 Mix-Labour
3 Skilled Concretor: (75.20/8)x3x0.84 23.69/m3
2 Semi-skilled Concretor: (61.80/8)x2x0.84 12.99/m3
Total Labour Cost 36.68/m3
Step 3 Place- Labour and Vibrator
Additional labour for placing concrete into beams:(52.50/8)x0.60 3.94/m3
Additional labour for working around reinforcement: (52.50/8)x0.55 3.61/m3
Cost of concrete vibrator: 1/1.2x[400/(30x8)] 1.39/m3
Total Labour and Vibrator Cost 8.94/m3
Step 4 Summary for Unit Rate
RM248.99(Material) +RM1.36(Plant)+RM36.68(Labour)
+RM8.94(Labour and Vibrator)+RM44.40( 15%profit&overhead) ________
RM340.37/m3
Step 5 Total Cost
6.00m3
xRM340.37/m3
= RM2042.22
Element No. 2 Frame
Estimate Concrete Cost for Column
B) Reinforced concrete Grade 30 as described filled into formwork and well packed
around columns.
Concrete Data
Cost of concrete:
Use 1:2:3concrete design (Grade 30)
1. Ordinary Portland Cement at 1420kg/m3
at RM16.96/50kg.
2. Fine aggregate at 1600kg/m3
at RM 40.99/tonne.
3. Coarse aggregate at 1400kg/m3
at RM 41.69/tonne.
4. Shrinkage, consolidation and wastage 50%.

34. Cost of Labour:
1. Labour gang 5 numbers, 3 skilled concretor and 2 semiskilled concretor, 8 hours/day.
2.Skilled concretor RM75.20/day, semiskilled concretor RM 61.80/day.
3. Additional labour placing concrete into beams 0.60hr/m3
, RM 52.50/day.
4.Additional labour for working around reinforcement, 0.55hr/m3
, RM52.50/day.
5.One mixer output at 1.2 m3
per hour, RM400.00/month including fuel.
6.One concrete vibrator output at 1.2 m3
per hour, RM400.00/month including fuel.
Allow 15% of profit including overhead.
Estimate Grade 30 Concrete Cost for Column
Step 1 Material Cost
Use 1:2:3 Concrete Design (RM)
Ordinary Portland Cement at 1420kg/m3
at RM 16.96/50kg :(1420/50)xRM16.96 481.66/m3
Fine Aggregate at 1600kg/m3
at RM40.99/tonne: (1600/1000)xRM40.99x2m 131.17/2m3
Course Aggregate at 1400kg/m3
at RM41.69/tonne: (1400/1000)xRM41.69x3m3
175.10/3m3
Gross Cost per 6m3
787.93/6m3
Add 50% Shrinkage, consolidation and wastage 787.93x50% 393.97/6m3
1181.9/6m3
1m3
of concrete mix: (1181.9/6) 196.98/m3
Step 2 Mix-Plant
One mixer at 1.2m3
per hour: 1/1.2x[400/(30x8)] 1.39/m3

35. Step 2 Mix-Labour
3 Skilled Concretor: (75.20/8)x3x0.84 23.69/m3
2 Semi-skilled Concretor: (61.80/8)x2x0.84 12.99/m3
Total Labour Cost 36.68/m3
Step 3 Place- Labour and Vibrator
Additional labour for placing concrete into columns:(52.50/8)x0.60 3.94/m3
Additional labour for working around reinforcement: (52.50/8)x0.55 3.61/m3
Cost of concrete vibrator: One mixer at 1.2m3
per hour: 1/1.2x[400/(30x8) 1.39/m3
Total Labour and Vibrator Cost 8.94/m3
Step 4 Summary for Unit Rate
RM196.98(Material) +RM1.36(Plant)+RM36.68(Labour) __________
+RM8.94(Labour and Vibrator)+ RM36.59 (15% profit &overhead) RM280.55/m3
Step 5 Total Cost
3.00m3
xRM280.55/m3
= RM841.65
Estimate Formwork Cost for Beams and Columns
Formwork Data
1. 1219mmx2438mmx12mm plywood at RM59.36/piece, allowance for cutting 15%.
2. Allow 4 use for timber formwork.
3. Waste on each use 10%.
4. Nails, bolts RM1.10/m2
5. 1 skilled formwork carpenter at RM 89.10/day
6. 1 general labour at RM52.50/day
7. The workers take 24 hours to erect and fixing all beam formwork and 9 hours for all
column formwork.
8. Allow 15% profit including overhead.

36. Estimate Formwork Cost for Beams
Step 1 Material Cost
(RM)
3m2
of 12mm plywood at RM59.36 59.36/3 9.79/m2
Allowance for cutting waste 15% 19.79x15% 2.97/m2
Cost of timber 12.76/m2
Allow 4 uses of timber formwork 12.76/4 3.19/m2
Waste on each use, 10% 5.69x10% 0.57/m2
Nails,bolts and mould oil 1.10x.1.06(GST) 1.17/m2
4.93/m2
Step 2 Labour Cost
24 hours are required to fix and dismantle 63m2
formwork:24/63=0.38hr/m2
(RM)
Skilled Formwork Carpenter: (89.10/8)x0.38 4.23/m2

37. General Labour: (52.50/8)x0.38 2.49/m2
Total Labour Cost 6.72/m2
Step 3 Summary for Unit Rate (Labour+Material)
RM4.93/m2
(Material)+RM6.72/m2
(Labour)+ ___________
RM1.75(15%Profit&Overhead) RM13.40/m2
Step 4 Total Cost
_________
63m2
xRM13.40/m2
RM844.20
Estimate Formwork Cost for Columns
Step 1 Material Cost
(RM)
3m2
of 12mm plywood at RM59.36 59.36/3 9.79/m2
Allowance for cutting waste 15% 19.79x15% 2.97/m2
Cost of timber 12.76/m2
Allow 4 uses of timber formwork 12.76/4 3.19/m2
Waste on each use, 10% 5.69x10% 0.57/m2
Nails,bolts and mould oil 1.10x.1.06(GST) 1.17/m2
4.93/m2
Step 2 Labour Cost
24 hours are required to fix and dismantle 63m2
formwork:24/63=0.38hr/m2
(RM)
Skilled Formwork Carpenter: (89.10/8)x0.38 4.23/m2
General Labour: (52.50/8)x0.38 2.49/m2
Total Labour Cost 6.72/m2

38. Step 3 Summary for Unit Rate (Labour+Material)
RM4.93/m2
(Material)+RM6.72/m2
(Labour)+ ___________
RM1.75(15%Profit&Overhead) RM13.40/m2
Step 4 Total Cost
27m2
xRM13.40/m2 =
RM361.80
Estimate cost for Mild Steel Reinforcement Bar
A) 8mm diameter in column as links
B) 8mm diameter in beam as stirrups
C) 10mm diameter in beam as stirrups
Material Cost
1. 8mm diameter and 10mm diameter reinforcement bar delivered to site is
RM1000.00/tonne and RM2102.33/tonne respectively.
2. Allow for labour unloading and stacking RM5.00/tonne.
3. Allow 0.66kg tie wire for each 100kg of reinforcement at RM4/kg (Excluding GST)
4. Allow spacer of RM4.00 per tonne of rebar.
5. Allow waste 7%.
6. Allow for rolling margin RM22/tonne.
Labour Cost
1. 1 skilled barbender at RM83.60/day, 1 semiskilled barbender at RM62.50/day, 8
hour/day.
2. Allow 10% idling time.
3. Time analysis at 100kg of reinforcement bar

39. Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Allow 15% profit including overhead.
Estimate cost for High Tensile Steel Reinforcement Bar
A) 12mm diameter in column.
B) 16mm diameter in column.
C) 10mm diameter in beam.
D) 12mm diameter in beam.
Material Cost
1. 12mm and 10mm diameter at RM1996.33/tonne, 16mm diameter at RM1925.67/tonne.
7. Allow for labour unloading and stacking RM5.00/tonne.
8. Allow 0.66kg tie wire for each 100kg of reinforcement at RM4/kg (Excluding GST).
9. Allow spacer of RM4.00 per tonne of rebar.
10. Allow waste 7%.
11. Allow for rolling margin RM22/tonne.
Labour Cost
1. 1 skilled barbender at RM83.60/day, 1 semiskilled barbender at RM62.50/day, 8
hour/day.
4. Allow 10% idling time.
5. Time analysis at 100kg of reinforcement bar

40. Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Allow 15% profit including overhead.
Estimate Cost of 8mm Diameter Mild Steel Reinforcement in Column as Links
Step 1 Material Cost
8mm diameter mild steel reinforcement bar delivered to site: RM1000.00/tonne
Add: Labour unloading and stacking RM5/tonne
Add: 7% wastage on rebar: 7%x RM985.40/tonne
=RM68.98/tonne
Add: Tie wire (0.66/100)x1000x[4x1.06(GST)]
= RM27.98/tonne
Add: Rolling Margin: RM22/tonne
Add: Concrete Spacer: RM4/tonne
Cost of Material=RM1000.00/tonne+RM5.00tonne
+RM68.98/tonne+RM26.40/tonne+RM22.00/tonne+RM27.98/tonne=RM1150.36/tonne
Step 2 Labour Cost
Skilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 83.60/8=RM10.45/hour
Semiskilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 62.50/8=RM7.81/hour
Gross total of Labour Rate: RM10.45/hour+RM7.81/hour=RM18.26/hour
10% of Idling time: RM1.83/hour

41. Cost of Labour RM18.26/hour+RM1.83/hour=RM20.09/hour
Step 3 Time Analysis per 100kg
Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Total Time 125 minutes
Cost of labour: 125/60xRM20.09=RM41.85/100kg
41.85/100x1000=RM418.50/tonne
Step 4 Unit Rate Summary
RM1150.36/tonne(Material)+ RM418.50/tonne (Labour)
+RM235.33/tonne(15% Profit and Overhead)=RM1804.19/tonne
Step 5 Total Cost
(76/1000)xRM1804.19/tonne
= RM137.12
Estimate Cost of 8mm Diameter Mild Steel Reinforcement in Beam as Stirrups
Step 1 Material Cost
8mm diameter mild steel reinforcement bar delivered to site: RM1000.00/tonne
Add: Labour unloading and stacking RM5/tonne
Add: 7% wastage on rebar: 7%x RM985.40/tonne
=RM68.98/tonne
Add: Tie wire (0.66/100)x1000x[4x1.06(GST)]
= RM27.98/tonne
Add: Rolling Margin: RM22/tonne
Add: Concrete Spacer: RM4/tonne
Cost of Material=RM1000.00/tonne+RM5.00tonne
+RM68.98/tonne+RM26.40/tonne+RM22.00/tonne+RM27.98/tonne=RM1150.36/tonne
Step 2 Labour Cost
Skilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 83.60/8=RM10.45/hour
Semiskilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 62.50/8=RM7.81/hour
Gross total of Labour Rate: RM10.45/hour+RM7.81/hour=RM18.26/hour

42. 10% of Idling time: RM1.83/hour
Cost of Labour RM18.26/hour+RM1.83/hour=RM20.09/hour
Step 3 Time Analysis per 100kg
Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Total Time 125 minutes
Cost of labour: 125/60xRM20.09=RM41.85/100kg
41.85/100x1000=RM418.50/tonne
Step 4 Unit Rate Summary
RM1150.36/tonne(Material)+ RM418.50/tonne (Labour)
+RM235.33/tonne(15% Profit and Overhead)=RM1804.19/tonne
Step 5 Total Cost
(73/1000)xRM1804.19/tonne=RM131.71
Estimate Cost of 10mm Diameter Mild Steel Reinforcement in Beam as Stirrups
Step 1 Material Cost
10mm diameter mild steel reinforcement bar delivered to site: RM2102.33/tonne
Add: :Labour unloading and stacking RM5/tonne
Add: 7% wastage on rebar: 7%x RM2102.33/tonne
=RM147.16/tonne
Add: Tie wire (0.66/100)x1000x[4x1.06(GST)]
= RM27.98/tonne
Add: Rolling Margin: RM22/tonne
Add: Concrete Spacer: RM4/tonne
Cost of Material=RM2102.33/tonne+RM5.00/tonne
+RM147.16/tonne+RM26.40/tonne+RM22.00/tonne
+RM27.98/tonne= RM2330.87/tonne
Step 2 Labour Cost
Skilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 83.60/8=RM10.45/hour
Semiskilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 62.50/8=RM7.81/hour
Gross total of Labour Rate: RM10.45/hour+RM7.81/hour=RM18.26/hour

43. 10% of Idling time: RM1.83/hour
Cost of Labour RM18.26/hour+RM1.83/hour=RM20.09/hour
Step 3 Time Analysis per 100kg
Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Total Time 125 minutes
Cost of labour: 125/60xRM20.09=RM41.85/100kg
41.85/100x1000=RM418.50/tonne
Step 4 Unit Rate Summary
RM2330.87/tonne (Material)+ RM418.50/tonne (Labour)
+RM412.41(15%Profit&Overhead)= RM3161.78/tonne
Step 5 Total Cost
(100/1000)xRM3161.78/tonne
= RM316.18
Estimate Cost of 12mm Diameter High Tensile Steel Reinforcement in Column
Step 1 Material Cost
12mm diameter mild steel reinforcement bar delivered to site: RM1996.33/tonne
Add: Labour unloading and stacking RM5/tonne
Add: 7% wastage on rebar: 7%x RM1996.33/tonne
=RM139.74/tonne
Add: Tie wire (0.66/100)x1000x[4x1.06(GST)]
= RM27.98/tonne
Add: Rolling Margin: RM22/tonne
Add: Concrete Spacer: RM4/tonne
Cost of Material=RM1996.33/tonne+RM5/tonne
+RM139.74/tonne+RM26.40/tonne+RM22/tonne+RM27.98/tonne= RM2217.45/tonne
Step 2 Labour Cost
Skilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 83.60/8=RM10.45/hour
Semiskilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 62.50/8=RM7.81/hour
Gross total of Labour Rate: RM10.45/hour+RM7.81/hour=RM18.26/hour
10% of Idling time: RM1.83/hour

44. Cost of Labour RM18.26/hour+RM1.83/hour=RM20.09/hour
Step 3 Time Analysis per 100kg
Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Total Time 125 minutes
Cost of labour: 125/60xRM20.09=RM41.85/100kg
41.85/100x1000=RM418.50/tonne
Step 4 Unit Rate Summary
RM2217.45/tonne (Material)+ RM418.50/tonne (Labour)
+RM395.39(15%Profit&Overhead)=RM3031.34/tonne
Step 5 Total Cost
(208/1000)xRM3031.34/tonne
=RM630.52
Estimate Cost of 16mm Diameter High Tensile Steel Reinforcement in Column
Step 1 Material Cost
16mm diameter mild steel reinforcement bar delivered to site: RM1925.67/tonne
Add: :Labour unloading and stacking RM5/tonne
Add: 7% wastage on rebar: 7%x RM1925.67/tonne
=RM134.80/tonne
Add: Tie wire (0.66/100)x1000x[4x1.06(GST)]
= RM27.98/tonne
Add: Rolling Margin: RM22/tonne
Add: Concrete Spacer: RM4/tonne
Cost of Material=RM1925.67/tonne+RM5/tonne
+RM134.80/tonne+RM26.40/tonne+RM22/tonne+RM27.98/tonne=RM2141.85/tonne
Step 2 Labour Cost
Skilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 83.60/8=RM10.45/hour
Semiskilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 62.50/8=RM7.81/hour
Gross total of Labour Rate: RM10.45/hour+RM7.81/hour=RM18.26/hour

45. 10% of Idling time: RM1.83/hour
Cost of Labour RM18.26/hour+RM1.83/hour=RM20.09/hour
Step 3 Time Analysis per 100kg
Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Total Time 125 minutes
Cost of labour: 125/60xRM20.09=RM41.85/100kg
41.85/100x1000=RM418.50/tonne
Step 4 Unit Rate Summary
RM2141.85/tonne (Material)+ RM418.50/tonne (Labour)
+RM384.00/tonne(15%Profit&Overhead)=RM2944.35/tonne
Step 5 Total Cost
(222/1000)xRM2944.35/tonne
=RM653.65
Estimate Cost of 10mm Diameter High Tensile Steel Reinforcement in Beam
Step 1 Material Cost
12mm diameter mild steel reinforcement bar delivered to site: RM1996.33/tonne
Add: Labour unloading and stacking RM5/tonne
Add: 7% wastage on rebar: 7%x RM1996.33/tonne
=RM139.74/tonne
Add: Tie wire (0.66/100)x1000x[4x1.06(GST)]
= RM27.98/tonne
Add: Rolling Margin: RM22/tonne
Add: Concrete Spacer: RM4/tonne
Cost of Material=RM1996.33/tonne+RM5/tonne
+RM139.74/tonne+RM26.40/tonne+RM22/tonne+RM27.98/tonne= RM2217.45/tonne
Step 2 Labour Cost
Skilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 83.60/8=RM10.45/hour
Semiskilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 62.50/8=RM7.81/hour
Gross total of Labour Rate: RM10.45/hour+RM7.81/hour=RM18.26/hour
10% of Idling time: RM1.83/hour

46. Cost of Labour RM18.26/hour+RM1.83/hour=RM20.09/hour
Step 3 Time Analysis per 100kg
Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Total Time 125 minutes
Cost of labour: 125/60xRM20.09=RM41.85/100kg
41.85/100x1000=RM418.50/tonne
Step 4 Unit Rate Summary
RM2217.45/tonne (Material)+ RM418.50/tonne (Labour)
+RM395.39(51%Profit&Overhead)=RM3031.34/tonne
Step 5 Total Cost
(250/1000)xRM3031.34/tonne
=RM757.84
Estimate Cost of 12mm Diameter High Tensile Steel Reinforcement in Beam
Step 1 Material Cost
12mm diameter mild steel reinforcement bar delivered to site: RM1996.33/tonne
Add: Labour unloading and stacking RM5/tonne
Add: 7% wastage on rebar: 7%x RM1996.33/tonne
=RM139.74/tonne
Add: Tie wire (0.66/100)x1000x[4x1.06(GST)]
= RM27.98/tonne
Add: Rolling Margin: RM22/tonne
Add: Concrete Spacer: RM4/tonne
Cost of Material=RM1996.33/tonne+RM5/tonne
+RM139.74/tonne+RM26.40/tonne+RM22/tonne+RM27.98/tonne= RM2217.45/tonne
Step 2 Labour Cost
Skilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 83.60/8=RM10.45/hour
Semiskilled Barbender Hourly Rate: 62.50/8=RM7.81/hour
Gross total of Labour Rate: RM10.45/hour+RM7.81/hour=RM18.26/hour
10% of Idling time: RM1.83/hour

47. Cost of Labour RM18.26/hour+RM1.83/hour=RM20.09/hour
Step 3 Time Analysis per 100kg
Select 28 minutes
Cut 32 minutes
Bend 35 minutes
Fix 23 minutes
Hoist Twice 7 minutes
Total Time 125 minutes
Cost of labour: 125/60xRM20.09=RM41.85/100kg
41.85/100x1000=RM418.50/tonne
Step 4 Unit Rate Summary
RM2217.45/tonne (Material)+ RM418.50/tonne (Labour)
+RM395.39(51%Profit&Overhead)=RM3031.34/tonne
Step 5 Total Cost
(270/1000)xRM3031.34/tonne
=RM818.46
ELEMENT NO. 3 – ROOF CONSTRUCTION AND FINISHES
ROOF FRAME
B4 (3)/1/A Roof Beam & B4 (3)/1/B Roof Trusses and Frame & B4 (3)/1/C Purlin
To supply, fix and connect sawn Group A treated merbau hardwood kiln dried for
- 125mm x 250mm roof beam with total quantity 161m,
- 100mm x 200mm roof trusses and frame with total quantity 238m, and
- 90mm x 75mm purlin with total quantity 225m.
Estimating Data:
Material Data
- 1m3 of timber including GST (6%), load and stacked on site = RM3778.00/m3.
- Allow 10% cutting wastage.
- Nails required for general construction work excluding GST (6%) = 1.5kg/m3 at
RM5.00/kg
Labour Data
- 1 gang of carpenter consists of 2 carpenters (joinery) and 2 unskilled labourers.

48. - Carpenter (joinery) and unskilled labour rates are RM96.50/day and RM68.90 /day
respectively. (8 hours per day)
Output Data
- Time required for 1 gang of carpenter to cut to length, set out and fix 1m3 of timber in
roof = average time of 18 hours.
Other Cost
- Allow 3% of material cost and labour cost for small tools.
*Scaffolding - unnecessary (2.5m high can easily reach using stool or ladder)
Tendering Factor
- Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for profit and overhead.
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/A Roof Beam
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
Cost / m3
Timber per m3 =RM3778 = 3778.00 RM/m3
10% Cutting wastage =RM3778 X 0.10 = 377.80 RM/m3
Allow nails at 1.5kg/m3 at
RM5.00/kg
=1.5 x 5.00 x 1.06 = 7.95 RM/m3
Total material cost = 4163.75 RM/m3
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Carpenter (Joinery) at
RM96.50/day
=2 x 96.50 /8 = 24.13 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM68.90/day =2 x 68.90 /8 = 17.23 RM/hour
Total hourly rate = 41.36 RM/hour
b Time required
1m3 requires 18 hours to cut, set and fix

49. c Labour cost
Time required to set 1m3 x hourly rate
=18 x 41.36 = 744.48 RM/m3
3 Total Cost including profit and overhead
a Total cost /m3
Material cost /m3 + labour
cost /m3
=4163.75 + 744.48 = 4908.23 RM/m3
b Total quantity
125mm x 250mm x 161m =(0.125 x 0.25 x 161) = 5.03 m3
c Total cost
total cost = qty (m3) x rate
(RM/m3)
=5.03 x 4908.23 = 24688.40 RM
add small tools cost =24688.40 x 0.03 = 740.65 RM
add profit & overhead =24688.40 x 0.15 = 3703.26 RM
TOTAL = 29132.31 RM
4 Unit Cost
Total cost (RM) / total qty (m) =29132.31/161 = 180.94 RM/m
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/B Roof Trusses and Frame
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
Cost / m3
Timber per m3 =RM3778 = 3778.00 RM/m3
10% Cutting wastage =RM3778 X 0.10 = 377.80 RM/m3
Allow nails at 1.5kg/m3 at
RM5.00/kg
=1.5 x 5.00 x 1.06 = 7.95 RM/m3
Total material cost = 4163.75 RM/m3
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Carpenter (Joinery) at
RM96.50/day
=2 x 96.50 /8 = 24.13 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM68.90/day =2 x 68.90 /8 = 17.23 RM/hour
Total hourly rate = 41.36 RM/hour
b Time required
1m3 requires 18 hours to cut, set and fix
c Labour cost
Time required to set 1m3 x hourly rate
=18 x 41.36 = 744.48 RM/m3
3 Total Cost including profit and overhead
a Total cost /m3

50. Material cost /m3 + labour
cost /m3
=4163.75 + 744.48 = 4908.23 RM/m3
b Total quantity
100mm x 200mm x 238m =(0.10 x 0.20 x 238) = 4.76 m3
c Total cost
total cost = qty (m3) x rate
(RM/m3)
=4.76 x 4908.23 = 23363.17 RM
add small tools cost =23363.17 x 0.03 = 700.90 RM
add profit & overhead =23363.17 x 0.15 = 3504.48 RM
TOTAL = 27568.55 RM
4 Unit Cost
Total cost (RM) / total qty (m) =27568.55/238 = 115.83 RM/m
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/C Purlin
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
Cost / m3
Timber per m3 =RM3778 = 3778.00 RM/m3
10% Cutting wastage =RM3778 X 0.10 = 377.80 RM/m3
Allow nails at 1.5kg/m3 at
RM5.00/kg
=1.5 x 5.00 x 1.06 = 7.95 RM/m3
Total material cost = 4163.75 RM/m3
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Carpenter (Joinery) at
RM96.50/day
=2 x 96.50 /8 = 24.13 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM68.90/day =2 x 68.90 /8 = 17.23 RM/hour
Total hourly rate = 41.36 RM/hour
b Time required
1m3 requires 18 hours to cut, set and fix
c Labour cost
Time required to set 1m3 x hourly rate
=18 x 41.36 = 744.48 RM/m3
3 Total Cost including profit and overhead
a Total cost /m3
Material cost /m3 + labour
cost /m3
=4163.75 + 744.48 = 4908.23 RM/m3
b Total quantity

51. 90mm x 75mm x 225m =(0.090 x 0.075 x 225) = 1.52 m3
c Total cost
total cost = qty (m3) x rate
(RM/m3)
=1.52 x 4908.23 = 7460.51 RM
add small tools cost =7460.51 x 0.03 = 223.82 RM
add profit & overhead =7460.51 x 0.15 = 1119.08 RM
TOTAL = 8803.41 RM
4 Unit Cost
Total cost (RM) / total qty (m) =8803.41/225 = 39.13 RM/m
B4 (3)/1/D Fascia Board & B4 (3)/1/E Battens
To supply, fix and connect
- wrot pressure treated merbau for 150mm x 25mm fascia board with total quantity
46m.
- sawn Group B treated merbau for 38mm x 75mm battens with total quantity 672m.
Estimating Data:
Material Data
- 1m3 of timber
- in wrot pressure including GST (6%), load and stacked on site = RM3143.00/m3.
- in sawn pressure including GST (6%), load and stacked on site =
RM3778.00/m3.
- Allow 5% cutting wastage.
- Nails required for general construction work excluding GST (6%) = 1.5kg/m3 at
RM5.00/kg
Labour Data
- 1 gang of carpenter consists of 2 carpenters (joinery) and 2 unskilled labourers.
- Carpenter (joinery) and unskilled labour rates are RM96.50/day and RM68.90 /day
respectively. (8 hours per day)
Output Data
- Time required for 1 gang of carpenter to cut to length, set out and fix 1m3 of timber in
roof = average time of 18 hours
Other Cost
- Allow 3% of material cost and labour cost for small tools.
*Scaffolding - unnecessary (2.5m high can easily reach using stool or ladder)

52. Tendering Factor
- Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for profit and overhead.
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/D Fascia Board
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
Cost / m3
Timber per m3 =RM3143 = 3143.00 RM/m3
5% Cutting wastage =RM3143 x 0.05 = 157.15 RM/m3
- Allow nails at 1.5kg/m3 at
RM5.00/kg
=1.5 x 5.00 x 1.06 = 7.95 RM/m3
Total material cost = 3308.10 RM/m3
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Carpenter (Joinery) at
RM96.50/day
=2 x 96.50 /8 = 24.13 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM68.90/day =2 x 68.90 /8 = 17.23 RM/hour
Total hourly rate = 41.36 RM/hour
b Time required
1m3 requires 18 hours to cut, set and fix
c Labour cost
Time required to set 1m3 x hourly rate
=18 x 41.36 = 744.48 RM/m3
3 Total Cost including profit and overhead
a Total cost /m3
Material cost /m3 + labour
cost /m3
=3308.10 + 744.48 = 4052.58 RM/m3
b Total quantity
150mm x 25mm x 46m =(0.15 x 0.025 x 46) = 0.17 m3
c Total cost

53. total cost = qty (m3) x rate
(RM/m3)
=0.17 x 4052.58 = 688.94 RM
add small tools cost =688.94 x 0.03 = 20.67 RM
add profit & overhead =688.94 x 0.15 = 103.34 RM
TOTAL = 812.95 RM
4 Unit Cost
Total cost (RM) / total qty (m) =812.95/46 = 17.67 RM/m
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/E Battens
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
Cost / m3
Timber per m3 =RM3778 = 3778.00 RM/m3
5% Cutting wastage =RM3778 x 0.05 = 188.90 RM/m3
Allow nails at 1.5kg/m3 at
RM5.00/kg
=1.5 x 5.00 x 1.06 = 7.95 RM/m3
Total material cost = 3974.85 RM/m3
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Carpenter (Joinery) at
RM96.50/day
=2 x 96.50 /8 = 24.13 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM68.90/day =2 x 68.90 /8 = 17.23 RM/hour
Total hourly rate = 41.36 RM/hour
b Time required
1m3 requires 18 hours to cut, set and fix
c Labour cost
Time required to set 1m3 x hourly rate
=18 x 41.36 = 744.48 RM/m3
3 Total Cost including profit and overhead
a Total cost /m3
Material cost /m3 + labour
cost /m3
=3974.85 + 744.48 = 4719.33 RM/m3
b Total quantity
38mm x 75mm x 672m =(0.038 x 0.075 x 672) = 1.92 m3
c Total cost
total cost = qty (m3) x rate
(RM/m3)
=1.92 x 4719.33 = 9061.11 RM
add small tools cost =9061.11 x 0.03 = 271.83 RM
add profit & overhead =9061.11 x 0.15 = 1359.17 RM
TOTAL = 10692.11 RM

54. 4 Unit Cost
Total cost (RM) / total qty (m) =10692.11/672 = 15.91 RM/m
RAINWATER GOODS
B4 (3)/1/F Coloured Interlocking Concrete Roof Tiles & B4 (3)/1/G Coloured Ridge
Tiles & B4 (3)/1/H Eaves Caps
To supply and lay
- 380mm x 230mm single lap interlocking concrete roof tiles fixed with galvanized steel
nails to every tiles at every alternative course to 185m2 roofing surface.
- 200mm x 200mm coloured ridge tiles fixed with galvanized steel nails to every tiles at
every alternative course to 14m roofing.
- Eaves cap fixed with galvanized steel nails to every tiles at every alternative course
to 30m roofing.
Tiles or caps are to be over lapped at least 70mm for bottom and top. Moreover, for
interlocking roof tiles are also required to be over lapped at least 25mm for sides. No
underlay or insulation required.
Estimating Data:
Material Data
- We proposed to use 420mm x 330mm interlocking roof tiles including delivery and
GST (6%) = RM2.24/piece to replace 380mm x 230mm roof tiles
- We proposed to use 330mm x 250mm coloured ridge tiles including delivery but
excluding GST (6%) = RM12.74/piece to replace 200mm x 200mm ridge tiles
- RM15.80 for 1 No. of eaves cap including delivery and GST (6%).
- Wastage for broken tiles = 3%
- Nails excluding GST (6%) = RM4.00/100 Nos
- Wastage for nails = 20%
Labour Data
- 1 gang of roofer consists of 2 roofers and 2 unskilled labourers.
- Roofer and unskilled labour rates are RM88.20/day and RM 67.00/day respectively.
(8 hours per day)
Output Data
- Time required to unload 1000 pieces of tiles = 15 minutes
- Time required to lay 1000 pieces of tiles = 6 hours
- Time required to fix every 10m of eaves cap = 1 hour
Tools Cost
- Allow 3% of the material cost for small tools (material cost includes such element,
nails and wastages).
*Scaffolding - unnecessary (2.5m high can easily reach using stool or ladder)

55. Tendering Factor
- Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for profit and overhead.
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/F Coloured Interlocking Concrete Roof Tiles
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
a Cost / m2
Cost per tile =2.24 = 2.24 RM/No
Cost per nail =4.00/100 x 1.06 = 0.04 RM/No
No. of tiles/m2 =1 /[(0.42-0.07) x (0.33-0.025)] = 10 No/m2
No. of nails/m2 = half of tiles
required
=10/2 = 5 No/m2
Cost of tiles/m2 incl.
wastage
=RM2.24 x 10 x 1.03 = 23.07 RM/m2
Cost of nails/m2 incl.
wastage
=RM0.04 x 5 x 1.20 = 0.24 RM/m2
23.31 RM/m2
b Total material cost
Material cost/m2 x Qty required
=23.31 x 185m2 = 4312.35 RM
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Roofer at RM88.20/day =2 x 88.20 /8 = 22.05 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM67.00/day =2 x 67.00 /8 = 16.75 RM/hour
Roofer gang hourly rate = 38.80 RM/hour
b Time analysis
Unload 1000 pieces of tiles 15 / 60 (minutes) = 0.25 hour
Lay 1000 pieces of tiles = 6 hours
Total time required to fix 1000 tiles = 6.25 hours
Time required to lay 185m2
of tiles
=6.25/1000 x 10 x185 = 11.56 hours
Labour cost to lay 185m2 =11.56 x 38.80 = 448.53 RM

56. No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
3 Tools Cost
Allow 3% of material cost for
small tools
=4312.35 x 0.03 = 129.37 RM
Total tools cost = 129.37 RM
4 Total cost including profit and overhead
material + labour + tools =4312.35 + 448.53 + 129.37 = 4890.25 RM
add profit & overhead =4890.25 x 0.15 = 733.54 RM
TOTAL = 5623.79 RM
5 Unit cost
Total cost(RM)/total quantity(m2)
=5623.79/185 = 30.40 RM/m2
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/G Coloured Ridge Tiles
Calculation:

57. No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
a Cost / m
Cost per tile =12.74 x 1.06 = 13.50 RM/No
Cost per nail =4.00/100 x 1.06 = 0.04 RM/No
No. of tiles/m =1/(0.33-0.07) = 4 No/m
No. of nails/m = half of tiles
required
=4/2 = 2 No/m
Cost of tiles/m incl. wastage =RM13.50 x 4 x 1.03 = 55.62 RM/m
Cost of nails/m incl. wastage =RM0.04 x 2 x 1.20 = 0.10 RM/m
55.72 RM/m
b TOTAL MATERIAL COST
Material cost/m x Qty required
= 55.72 x 14m = 780.08 RM
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Roofer at RM88.20/day =2 x 88.20 /8 = 22.05 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM67.00/day =2 x 67.00 /8 = 16.75 RM/hour
Roofer gang hourly rate = 38.80 RM/hour
b Time analysis
Unload 1000 pieces of tiles 15 / 60 (minutes) = 0.25 hour
Lay 1000 pieces of tiles = 6 hours
Total time required to fix 1000 tiles = 6.25 hours
Time required to lay 14m of
tiles
=6.25/1000 x 4 x 14 = 0.35 hour
Labour cost to lay 14m =0.35 x 38.80 = 13.58 RM
3 Tools Cost
Allow 3% of material cost for
small tools
=780.08 x 0.03 = 23.40 RM
Total tools cost = 23.40 RM
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
4 Total cost including profit and overhead
material + labour + tools =780.08 + 13.58 + 23.40 = 817.06 RM
add profit & overhead =817.06 x 0.15 = 122.56 RM
TOTAL = 939.62 RM

58. 5 Unit cost
Total cost(RM)/total quantity(m)
= 939.62/14 = 67.12 RM/m
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/H Eaves Caps
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
a Cost / m
Cost per cap =15.80 = 15.80 RM/No

59. Cost per nail =4.00/100 x 1.06 = 0.04 RM/No
No. of caps/m =1/(0.33-0.07) = 4 No/m
No. of nails/m = half of tiles
required
=4/2 = 2 No/m
Cost of caps/m incl. wastage =RM15.80 x 4 x 1.03 = 65.10 RM/m
Cost of nails/m incl. wastage =RM0.04 x 2 x 1.20 = 0.10 RM/m
65.20 RM/m
b TOTAL MATERIAL COST
Material cost/m x Qty required
=65.20 x 30m = 1956.00 RM
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Roofer at RM88.20/day =2 x 88.20 / 8 = 22.05 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM67.00/day =2 x 67.00 /8 = 16.75 RM/hour
Roofer gang hourly rate = 38.80 RM/hour
b Time analysis
Every 10m of eaves cap required 1 hour to fix
Time required to fix 30m
eaves cap
=30/10 = 3.00 RM/m
Labour cost to fix 30m =3.00 x 38.80 = 116.40 RM
3 Tools Cost
Allow 3% of material cost for
small tools
=1956.00 x 0.03 = 58.68 RM
Total tools cost = 58.68 RM
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
4 Total cost including profit and overhead
material + labour + tools =1956.00 + 116.40 + 58.68 = 2131.08 RM
add profit & overhead =2131.08 x 0.15 = 319.66 RM
TOTAL = 2450.74 RM
5 Unit cost
Total cost(RM)/total quantity(m)
=2450.74/30 = 81.69 RM/m

60. B4 (3)/1/I Hip Capping Tiles
To supply and fix matching hip capping tiles bedded and jointed in cement and sand
(1:3) mortar as described including cut and splayed ends, mitres and intersections with
total quantity 40m. Tiles or caps are to be over lapped at least 70mm for bottom and top.
Estimating Data:
Material Data
- 330mm x 250mm Hip capping tiles at RM12.74/piece including delivery but excluding
GST (6%)
- Ordinary Portland Cement at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg including delivery and

61. GST (6%)
- Fine mining sand at 1600kg/m3 at RM40.99/tonne including delivery and GST (6%)
- Allow 10% of cutting and mitering wastage
- Wastage for broken tiles = 3%
- Wastage and shrinkage for mortar = 40%
- Assumed 19mm thick for cement mortar
Labour Data
- 1 gang of roofer consists of 2 roofers and 2 unskilled labourers.
- Roofer and unskilled labour rates are RM88.20/day and RM 67.00/day respectively.
(8 hours per day)
Output Data
- Time required to unload 1000 pieces of tiles = 15 minutes
- Time required to lay 1000 pieces of tiles = 6 hours
Tools Cost
- Allow 3% of the material cost for small tools (material cost includes hip cap tiles,
mortar and wastages).
*Scaffolding - unnecessary (2.5m high can easily reach using stool or ladder)
Tendering Factor
- Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for profit and overhead.
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/I Hip Capping Tiles
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
a Cost of tiles / m
Cost per tile =12.74 x 1.06 = 13.50 RM/No
No. of tiles/m =1/(0.33-0.07) = 4 No/m
Cost of tiles/m incl. wastage =13.50 x 4 x 1.03 = 55.62 RM/m
b Cement mortar mix (1:3) per m
OPC at 1420kg/m3 at =(1420/50) x 16.96 = 491.66 RM/m3

62. RM16.96/50kg
Fine mining sand at
1600kg/m3 at RM40.99/tonne
=(1600/1000) x 40.99 x 3 = 196.75 RM/3m3
Gross Total = 688.41 RM/4m3
Add 40% shrinkage and
wastage
=688.41 x 0.40 = 275.36 RM/4m3
Net total for 4m3 = 963.77 RM/4m3
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) =963.77 / 4 = 240.94 RM/m3
Cost per m =240.94 x 0.25 x 0.019 = 1.14 RM/m
c Total material cost per m =55.62 + 1.14 = 56.76 RM/m
d TOTAL MATERIAL COST
Material cost/m x Qty required =56.76 x 40m = 2270.40 RM
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Roofer at RM88.20/day =2 x 88.20 /8 = 22.05 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM67.00/day =2 x 67.00 /8 = 16.75 RM/hour
Roofer gang hourly rate = 38.80 RM/hour
b Time analysis
Unload 1000 pieces of tiles 15 / 60 (minutes) = 0.25 hour
Lay 1000 pieces of tiles = 6 hours
Total time required to fix 1000 tiles = 6.25 hours
Time required to lay 40m of
tiles
=6.25/1000 x 4 x 40 = 1.00 hour
Labour cost to lay 40m =1.00 x 38.80 = 38.80 RM
3 Tools Cost
Allow 3% of material cost for
small tools
=2270.40 x 0.03 = 68.11 RM
Total tools cost = 68.11 RM
4 Total cost including profit and overhead
material + labour + tools =2270.40 + 38.80 + 68.11 = 2377.31 RM
add profit & overhead =2377.31 x 0.15 = 356.60 RM
TOTAL = 2733.91 RM
5 Unit cost
Total cost(RM)/total quantity(m)
=2733.91/40 = 68.35 RM/m

63. B4 (3)/1/J Half Round Gutter & B4 (3)/1/K Flashing & B4 (3)/1/L Flashing as Valley
To supply and fix
- 125mm diameter Colourbond “Blue scope” half round gutter with total quantity 28m.
- Approved Colourbond flashing with total quantity 56m.
- Approved Colourbond flashing as valley with total quantity 25m.
Estimating Data:
Material Data
- We proposed to use 125mm diameter Arensi-Marley F370 half round gutter including
delivery but excluding GST (6%) = RM62.10/4m to replace Colourbond “Blue scope”
half round gutter.
- 1 piece of 180mm girth flashing including delivery and GST (6%) = RM14.00/8ft
- 1 piece of 450mm girth flashing including delivery and GST (6%) = RM30.00/8ft
- Wastage for each element = 3%
Labour Data

64. - 1 gang of roofer consists of 2 roofers and 2 unskilled labourers.
- Roofer and unskilled labour rates are RM88.20/day and RM 67.00/day respectively.
(8 hours per day)
Output Data
- Time required to fix every 8 meters of half round gutter = 1 hour
- Time required to fix every 8 meters of flashing = 1 hour
Tools Cost
- Allow 3% of the material cost for small tools and nails (material cost includes such
element and wastage).
*Scaffolding - unnecessary (2.5m high can easily reach using stool or ladder)
Tendering Factor
- Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for profit and overhead.
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/J Half Round Gutter
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
a Cost / m
Cost of gutter at RM62.10 per 4m
Cost of gutter per m =(62.10/4) x 1.06 = 16.46 RM/m
Cost of 3% wastage =RM16.46 x 0.03 = 0.49 RM/m
16.95 RM/m
b TOTAL MATERIAL COST
Material cost/m x Qty required
= 16.95 x 28m = 474.60 RM
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Roofer at RM88.20/day =2 x 88.20 /8 = 22.05 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM67.00/day =2 x 67.00 /8 = 16.75 RM/hour

65. Roofer gang hourly rate = 38.80 RM/hour
b Time analysis
1 hour for every 8m of half round gutter
Time required to fix 28m
gutter
=28/8 = 3.50 hours
Labour cost to fix 28m =3.50 x 38.80 = 135.80 RM
3 Tools Cost
Allow 3% of material cost for
small tools and nails
=474.60 x 0.03 = 14.24 RM
Total tools cost = 14.24 RM
4 Total cost including profit and overhead
material + labour + tools =474.60 + 135.80 + 14.24 = 624.64 RM
add profit & overhead =624.64 x 0.15 = 93.70 RM
TOTAL = 718.34 RM
5 Unit cost
Total cost(RM)/total quantity(m)
=718.34/28 = 25.66 RM/m
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/K Flashing
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
a Cost / m
Cost of flashing at RM14.00 per ft
1 ft = 0.3048m
Cost of flashing per m =14.00/0.3048 = 45.93 RM/m
Cost of 3% wastage =RM45.93 x 0.03 = 1.38 RM/m
47.31 RM/m
b TOTAL MATERIAL COST
Material cost/m x Qty required
= 47.31 x 56m = 2649.36 RM
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Roofer at RM88.20/day =2 x 88.20 /8 = 22.05 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM67.00/day =2 x 67.00 /8 = 16.75 RM/hour
Roofer gang hourly rate = 38.80 RM/hour
b Time analysis

66. 1 hour for every 8m of flashing
Time required to fix 56m of
flashing
=56/8 = 7.00 hours
Labour cost to fix 56m =7.00 x 38.80 = 271.60 RM
3 Tools Cost
Allow 3% of material cost for
small tools and nails
=2649.36 x 0.03 = 79.48 RM
Total tools cost = 79.48 RM
4 Total cost including profit and overhead
material + labour + tools =2649.36 + 271.60 + 79.48 = 3000.44 RM
add profit & overhead =3000.44 x 0.15 = 450.07 RM
TOTAL = 3450.51 RM
5 Unit cost
Total cost(RM)/total quantity(m)
=3450.51/56 = 61.62 RM/m
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/1/L Flashing as Valley
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
a Cost / m
Cost of flashing at RM30.00 per ft
1 ft = 0.3048m
Cost of flashing per m =30.00/0.3048 = 98.43 RM/m
Cost of 3% wastage =RM98.43 x 0.03 = 2.95 RM/m
101.38 RM/m
b TOTAL MATERIAL COST
Material cost/m x Qty required
= 101.38 x 25m = 2534.50 RM
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Roofer at RM88.20/day =2 x 88.20 /8 = 22.05 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM67.00/day =2 x 67.00 /8 = 16.75 RM/hour
Roofer gang hourly rate = 38.80 RM/hour
b Time analysis
1 hour for every 8m of flashing
Time required to fix 25m of
flashing
=25/8 = 3.13 hours

67. Labour cost to fix 25m =3.13 x 38.80 = 121.44 RM
3 Tools Cost
Allow 3% of material cost for
small tools and nails
=2534.50 x 0.03 = 76.04 RM
Total tools cost = 76.04 RM
4 Total cost including profit and overhead
material + labour + tools =2534.50 + 121.44 + 76.04 = 2731.98 RM
add profit & overhead =2731.98 x 0.15 = 409.80 RM
TOTAL = 3141.78 RM
5 Unit cost
Total cost(RM)/total quantity(m)
=3141.78/25 = 125.67 RM/m
B4 (3)/2/A Rectangular Pipe to Walls and Columns & B4 (3)/2/B Rectangular Pipe
embedded in Concrete
To supply and fix approved solvent welded
- 150mm x 75mm unplasticised UPVC rectangular pipe to walls and columns with total
quantity 25m
- 150mm x 75mm unplasticised UPVC rectangular pipe embedded in concrete with
total quantity 40m
from Arensi-Marly to B.S. 4576: PT 1989 including jointing in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendation including all bends, tees, connectors, sockets, collars,
cleaning eyes, brackets, holder bats, hangers, pipe clips at every 1500mm intervals.
Estimating Data:
Material Data
- RM61.90/4m for unplasticised UPVC rectangular pipe excluding GST (6%)
- Wastage for pipes = 3%
- Allow 10% for all necessary jointing elements in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendation.
Labour Data
- 1 gang of roofer consists of 2 roofers and 2 unskilled labourers.
- Roofer and unskilled labour rates are RM88.20/day and RM 67.00/day respectively.
(8 hours per day)
Output Data
- Time required to fix and joint every 8m of pipes = 1hour
Tools Cost
- Allow 3% of the material cost for small tools (material cost includes such element,

68. jointing elements and wastage).
Tendering Factor
- Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for profit and overhead.
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/2/A Rectangular Pipe to Walls and Columns
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
a Cost / m
Cost of pipe at RM61.90 per 4m
Cost of pipe per m =(61.90/4) x 1.06 = 16.40 RM/m
Cost of 3% wastage =RM16.40 x 0.03 = 0.49 RM/m
Allow 10% for joint elements =RM16.40 x 0.10 = 1.64 RM/m
18.53 RM/m
b TOTAL MATERIAL COST
Material cost/m x Qty required
= 18.53 x 25m = 463.25 RM
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Roofer at RM88.20/day =2 x 88.20 /8 = 22.05 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM67.00/day =2 x 67.00 /8 = 16.75 RM/hour
Roofer gang hourly rate = 38.80 RM/hour
b Time analysis
1 hour for every 8m of pipes
Time required to fix 25m of
pipes
=25/8 = 3.13 hours
Labour cost to fix 25m =3.13 x 38.80 = 121.44 RM
3 Tools Cost
Allow 3% of material cost for
small tools
=463.25 x 0.03 = 13.90 RM

69. Total tools cost = 13.90 RM
4 Total cost including profit and overhead
material + labour + tools =463.25 + 121.44 + 13.90 = 598.59 RM
add profit & overhead =598.59 x 0.15 = 89.79 RM
TOTAL = 688.38 RM
5 Unit cost
Total cost(RM)/total quantity(m)
= 688.38/25 = 27.54 RM/m
Estimate cost for B4 (3)/2/A Rectangular Pipe embedded in Concrete
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
a Cost / m
Cost of pipe at RM61.90 per 4m
Cost of pipe per m =(61.90/4) x 1.06 = 16.40 RM/m
Cost of 3% wastage =RM16.40 x 0.03 = 0.49 RM/m
Allow 10% for joint elements =RM16.40 x 0.10 = 1.64 RM/m
18.53 RM/m
b TOTAL MATERIAL COST
Material cost/m x Qty required
= 18.53 x 40m = 741.20 RM
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Roofer at RM88.20/day =2 x 88.20 /8 = 22.05 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM67.00/day =2 x 67.00 /8 = 16.75 RM/hour
Roofer gang hourly rate = 38.80 RM/hour
b Time analysis
1 hour for every 8m of pipes
Time required to fix 40m of
pipes
=40/8 = 5.00 hours
Labour cost to fix 40m =5.00 x 38.80 = 194.00 RM
3 Tools Cost
Allow 3% of material cost for
small tools
=741.20 x 0.03 = 22.24 RM
Total tools cost = 22.24 RM
4 Total cost including profit and overhead
material + labour + tools =741.20 + 194.00 + 22.24 = 957.44 RM
add profit & overhead =957.44 x 0.15 = 143.62 RM
TOTAL = 1101.06 RM

70. 5 Unit cost
Total cost(RM)/total quantity(m)
=1101.06/40 = 27.53 RM/m
RAINWATER OUTLET
B4 (3)/2/C Rainwater Outlet
To supply and fix approved 4 Nos. of 150mm diameter rainwater outlet with dome shape
grating setting in upvc gutter including jointing on 159mm x 75mm rectangular UPVC
outletpipe complete with and including all necessary floor flange, solvent socket and
connectors all to Architect’s approval.
Estimating Data:
Material Data
- RM39.50 for 1 No. of rainwater outlet with dome shape grating including delivery and
GST (6%).
- Allow 10% for all necessary elements in accordance with the Architect’s approval.
Labour Data
- 1 gang of roofer consists of 2 roofers and 2 unskilled labourers.
- Roofer and unskilled labour rates are RM88.20/day and RM 67.00/day respectively.
(8 hours per day)
Output Data
- Time required to fix every 20 Nos. of rainwater outlets = 1hour
Tools Cost
- Allow 3% of the material cost for small tools (material cost includes such element,
necessary elements and wastage).
Tendering Factor
- Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for profit and overhead.

71. Estimate cost for B4 (3)/2/C Rainwater Outlet
Calculation:
No Description / Subdescription Formula = Total Unit
1 Material Cost
a Cost / m
Cost of rainwater outlet at RM39.50 per No.
Cost of 4 Nos. of rainwater
outlet
=39.50 x 4 = 158.00 RM
Allow 10% for necessary elements
=RM158.00 x 0.10 = 15.80 RM
Total material cost = 173.80 RM
2 Labour Cost
a Hourly rate
2 x Roofer at RM88.20/day =2 x 88.20 /8 = 22.05 RM/hour
2 x Labourer at RM67.00/day =2 x 67.00 /8 = 16.75 RM/hour
Roofer gang hourly rate = 38.80 RM/hour
b Time analysis
1 hour for every 20 Nos. of rainwater outlets
Time required to fix 4 Nos. =4/20 = 0.20 hours
Labour cost to fix 4 Nos. =0.20 x 38.80 = 7.76 RM
3 Tools Cost
Allow 3% of material cost for
small tools
=173.80 x 0.03 = 5.21 RM
Total tools cost = 5.21 RM
4 Total cost including profit and overhead
material + labour + tools =173.80 + 7.76 + 5.21 = 186.77 RM
add profit & overhead =186.77 x 0.15 = 28.02 RM
TOTAL = 214.79 RM
5 Unit cost
Total cost(RM)/total quantity(No.)
=214.79/4 = 53.70 RM/No.

72. Remarks
Prices obtained from
• timber merbau
http://www.mtib.gov.my/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=88&lang=en
• nails for timber
http://www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my/concrete-nail?search=concrete steel nail
• nails for roof tiles
http://www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my/acebrandgalvanizedflatheadconcretesteelnail60m
mx3mm(100pcs-box)?search=concrete steel nail
• gang of carpenter
http://myn3c.cidb.gov.my/cidb_n3c/output/PDF_FILE/view_yearly_labour_pdf.php?
state=SELANGOR&&year=2015&&lab=18
• gang of roofer
http://myn3c.cidb.gov.my/cidb_n3c/output/PDF_FILE/view_yearly_labour_pdf.php?
state=SELANGOR&&year=2015&&lab=19
• interlocking roof tiles
http://myn3c.cidb.gov.my/cidb_n3c/output/PDF_FILE/view_yearly_material_pdf.php?
state=SELANGOR&&year=2015&&mat=7
• ridge tile & hip cap tiles
http://www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my/building_material/monier-roofing-system/monier-
elabana-tropical-roof-system-ridge-hip-tile
• half round gutter
http://www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my/arensi-marleyf370spheragutter4-0m-brown?
search=gutter
• upvc rectangular pipe
http://www.arensimarley.com/pro-roof-drainage-pipe.htm
• Seng Bee Hardware & Timber Sdn Bhd
- RM15.80 for 1 No. of eaves cap including delivery and GST (6%).
- 1 piece of 180mm girth flashing including delivery and GST (6%) = RM14.00/8ft
- 1 piece of 450mm girth flashing including delivery and GST (6%) = RM30.00/8ft
- RM39.50 for 1 No. of rainwater outlet with dome shape grating including delivery and
GST (6%).

73. ELEMENT NO.4 – External Wall
Estimate the tender lump sum to construct half brick thick wall of the size 2.3m
high x 24m long (assumed) and one brick thick wall of the size 2.3m high x 20m
long (assumed). Half brickwall shall be laid in Stretcher Bond and one brickwall
shall be laid in English Bond, using common clay brick in cement mortar (1:3).
Exmet and DPC shall be laid. Each end of the wall shall be tied to column 6mm
diameter rod at 450mm girth at 400mm ctc.
Data:
Material Cost:
1. Brickwork
• Common clay brick RM0.42*(1) per piece
• 1m2 of half brick required 59 pieces of brick
• 1m2 of one brick required 118 pieces of brick
• Allow 5% waste on brick
• Mortar required for 1m2 of half brickwall is 0.07m3
• Mortar required for 1m2 of one brickwall is 0.15m3
• Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading is RM16.96/50kg*(2)
• Sand including unloading is RM40.99/tonne*(3)
• 1m3 of Ordinary Portland Cement = 1420kg
• 1m3 of sand = 1600kg
• Allow 30% shrinkage for mortar
• Cost of exmet at RM10.60/20m*(4) roll (allow 5% for wastage and
overlapped)
2. DPC
• RM37.10/5kg*(5)
• 1m2 required 0.5kg DPC
• Allow 5% wastage and 15% overlapped

74. 3. Bonding Ties
• 6mm diameter mild steel, RM9/11m*(6)
• Each bonding tie required 0.3m
Labour Cost:
• 1 gang of brick layer consists of 1 skilled foreign bricklayer and 1 semi-skilled
foreign bricklayer
• 1 skilled foreign bricklayer @ RM78/day*(7)
• 1 semi-skilled foreign bricklayer @ RM61.80/day*(7)
• Operating hour is 8 hours/day
Labourer Output:
• 1 gang of brick layer = 120 bricks/hour including fixing bonding ties, exmet and
DPC
Tendering Factor:
• Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for profit and overhead
* (1) Price for Common clay brick is obtained from CIDB
* (2) Price for Ordinary Portland Cement is obtained from CIDB
* (3) Price for Sand is obtained from CIDB
* (4) Cost of exmet is obtained from SENG BEE HARDWARE & TIMBER SDN
BHD
* (5) Cost of DPC is obtained from SENG BEE HARDWARE & TIMBER SDN
BHD
* (6) Cost of 6mm diameter mild steel is obtained from JAYAMAS HARDWARE &
TIMBER
* (7) Daily rate for bricklayer is obtained from CIDB

75. Calculation:
Material Cost
STEP 1 : Brickwall
Cement Mortar Mix (1:3)
Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading
1m3 of at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg = 1420/50 x RM16.96 RM 481.66
Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM40.99/tonne = 3x(1600/1000xRM40.99) RM 196.75
Gross Total RM 678.41
Add 30% shrinkage = RM678.41 x 0.30 RM 203.52
Net Total for 4m3 RM 881.93
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) = RM881.93 /4m3 RM 220.48/m3
Half brick required 0.07m3 of mortar /m2 = 0.07 x RM220.48 RM 15.43/m2
One brick required 0.15m3 of mortar /m2 = 0.15 x RM220.48 RM 33.07/m2
Half Brick Thick
Assume 59 bricks required for 1m2 of half brick
Material cost /m2 = RM0.42 x 59/m2 RM 24.78/m2
Add 5% waste on brick = RM24.78 x 0.05 RM 1.24
Total for half brick RM 26.02/m2
One Brick Thick
Assume 118 bricks required for 1m2 of one brick
Material cost /m2 = RM0.42 x 118/m2 RM 49.56/m2
Add 5% waste on brick = RM49.56 x 0.05 RM 2.48
Total for one brick RM 52.04/m2
Exmet
20m long, RM10.60/roll
Cost of 1m length = RM10.60/20m RM 0.53/m
Nos. of interval exmet laid in 2.3m = 2.3 / [(0.065+0.010)*4] 8 Nos
Half brick 24m long = 24 x 8 x RM0.53 RM 101.76
Allow 5% for wastage and overlapped = RM101.76 x 0.05 RM 5.09
Total for half brick RM 106.85
Convert to m2 = RM106.85 / (2.3m x 24m) RM 1.94/m2
One brick 20m long = 20 x 8 x RM0.53 RM 84.80
Allow 5% for wastage and overlapped = RM84.80 x 0.05 RM 4.24
Total for one brick RM 89.04
Convert to m2 = RM89.04/ (2.3m x 20m) RM 1.94/m2
STEP 2 : DPC
RM37.10/5kg, 1m2 required 0.5kg DPC
Cost of 1m2 = RM37.10/5kg x 0.5kg/m2 RM 3.71/m2
Half brick thick
1m of 115mm DPC = RM3.71/m2 x 0.115m RM 0.43/m

76. Add 5% wastage = RM0.43 x 0.05 RM 0.02
Add 15% overlapped = RM0.43 x 0.15 RM 0.06
Total for half brick RM 0.51/m
One brick thick
1m2 of 225mm DPC RM 3.71/m2
Add 5% wastage = RM3.71 x 0.05 RM 0.19
Add 15% overlapped = RM3.71 x 0.15 RM 0.56
Total for one brick RM 4.46/m2
STEP 3 : Bonding Ties
6mm diameter rod at 450mm girth, RM9/11m
Cost of each bonding tie required 0.3m = RM9/11m x 0.3m/no. RM 0.25/no.
Total cost = no. x rate = 162 x RM0.25 RM 40.50
Labour Cost
Cost of gang per hour
1 skilled foreign bricklayer RM78/day = RM78/8hrs RM 9.75/hr
1 semi-skilled foreign bricklayer RM61.80/day = RM61.80/8hrs RM 7.73/hr
Cost per hour RM 17.48/hr
1 hour the brick layer gang can lay 120bricks
1m2 Half brick required 59 bricks = RM17.48/120 x 59/m2 RM 8.59/m2
1m2 One brick required 118 bricks = RM17.48/120 x 118/m2 RM 17.19/m2
Summary (Unit Rate)
Half Brickwall Material Cost
• Cement Mortar M2 RM 15.43/m2
• Brick M2 RM 26.02/m2
• Exmet M2 RM 1.94/m2
RM 43.39/m2
115mm wide DPC Material Cost M RM 0.51/m
Half Brickwall Labour Cost Labour to lay 1m2 RM 8.59/m2
One Brickwall Material Cost
• Cement Mortar M2 RM 33.07/m2
• Brick M2 RM 52.04/m2
• Exmet M2 RM 1.94/m2
RM 87.05/m2
225mm wide DPC Material Cost M2 RM 4.46/m2
One Brickwall Labour Cost Labour to lay 1m2 RM 17.19/m2
Bonding Ties Material Cost No. RM 0.25/no.

77. Lump Sump Tender
Material Cost Rate Quantities Total
• Half Brickwall M2 43.39 55 RM 2386.45
• 115mm wide DPC M 0.51 24 RM 12.24
• One Brickwall M2 87.05 46 RM 4004.30
• 225mm wide DPC M2 4.46 5 RM 22.30
• Bonding Ties No. 0.25 162 RM 40.50
Labour Cost
• Half Brickwall M2 8.59 55 RM 472.45
• One Brickwall M2 17.19 46 RM 790.74
Total Cost = (Material + Labour) x Quantity RM 7728.98
Add profit and overhead 15% RM 1159.35
TOTAL TENDER SUM RM 8888.33

78. ELEMENT NO.5 – Internal Wall
Estimate the tender lump sum to construct half brick thick wall of the size 3m high
x 26m long (assumed). The brick shall be laid in Stretcher, using common clay
brick in cement mortar (1:3). Exmet and DPC shall be laid. Each end of the wall
shall be tied to column 6mm diameter rod at 450mm girth at 400mm ctc.
Data:
Material Cost:
4. Brickwork
• Common clay brick RM0.42*(1) per piece
• 1m2 of half brick required 59 pieces of brick
• Allow 5% waste on brick
• Mortar required for 1m2 of half brickwall is 0.07m3
• Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading is RM16.96/50kg*(2)
• Sand including unloading is RM40.99/tonne*(3)
• 1m3 of Ordinary Portland Cement = 1420kg
• 1m3 of sand = 1600kg
• Allow 30% shrinkage for mortar
• Cost of exmet at RM10.60/20m*(4) roll (allow 5% for wastage and
overlapped)
5. DPC
• RM37.10/5kg*(5)
• 1m2 required 0.5kg DPC
• Allow 5% wastage and 15% overlapped
6. Bonding Ties
• 6mm diameter mild steel, RM9/11m*(6)
• Each bonding tie required 0.3m
Labour Cost:

79. • 1 gang of brick layer consists of 1 skilled foreign bricklayer and 1 semi-skilled
foreign bricklayer
• 1 skilled foreign bricklayer @ RM78/day*(7)
• 1 semi-skilled foreign bricklayer @ RM61.80/day*(7)
• Operating hour is 8 hours/day
Labourer Output:
• 1 gang of brick layer = 120 bricks/hour including fixing bonding ties, exmet and
DPC
Tendering Factor:
• Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for profit and overhead
* (1) Price for Common clay brick is obtained from CIDB
* (2) Price for Ordinary Portland Cement is obtained from CIDB
* (3) Price for Sand is obtained from CIDB
* (4) Cost of exmet is obtained from SENG BEE HARDWARE & TIMBER SDN
BHD
* (5) Cost of DPC is obtained from SENG BEE HARDWARE & TIMBER SDN
BHD
* (6) Cost of 6mm diameter mild steel is obtained from JAYAMAS HARDWARE &
TIMBER
* (7) Daily rate for bricklayer is obtained from CIDB

80. Calculation:
Material Cost
STEP 1 : Brickwall
Cement Mortar Mix (1:3)
Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading
1m3 of at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg = 1420/50 x RM16.96 RM 481.66
Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM40.99/tonne = 3x(1600/1000xRM40.99) RM 196.75
Gross Total RM 678.41
Add 30% shrinkage = RM678.41 x 0.30 RM 203.52
Net Total for 4m3 RM 881.93
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) = RM881.93 /4m3 RM 220.48/m3
Half brick required 0.07m3 of mortar /m2 = 0.07 x RM220.48 RM 15.43/m2
Half Brick Thick
Assume 59 bricks required for 1m2 of half brick
Material cost /m2 = RM0.42 x 59/m2 RM 24.78/m2
Add 5% waste on brick = RM24.78 x 0.05 RM 1.24
Total for half brick RM 26.02/m2
Exmet
20m long, RM10.60/roll
Cost of 1m length = RM10.60/20m RM 0.53/m
Nos. of interval exmet laid in 3m = 3 / [(0.065+0.010)*4] 10 Nos
Half brick 26m long = 26 x 10 x RM0.53 RM 137.80
Allow 5% for wastage and overlapped = RM137.80 x 0.05 RM 6.89
Total for half brick RM 144.69
Convert to m2 = RM144.69 / (3m x 26m) RM 1.86/m2
STEP 2 : DPC
RM37.10/5kg, 1m2 required 0.5kg DPC
Cost of 1m2 = RM37.10/5kg x 0.5kg/m2 RM 3.71/m2
Half brick thick
1m of 115mm DPC = RM3.71/m2 x 0.115m RM 0.43/m
Add 5% wastage = RM0.43 x 0.05 RM 0.02
Add 15% overlapped = RM0.43 x 0.15 RM 0.06
Total for half brick RM 0.51/m
STEP 3 : Bonding Ties
6mm diameter rod at 450mm girth, RM9/11m
Cost of each bonding tie required 0.3m = RM9/11m x 0.3m/no. RM 0.25/no.
Total cost = no. x rate = 36 x RM0.25 RM 9.00
Labour Cost
Cost of gang per hour
1 skilled foreign bricklayer RM78/day = RM78/8hrs RM 9.75/hr

81. 1 semi-skilled foreign bricklayer RM61.80/day = RM61.80/8hrs RM 7.73/hr
Cost per hour RM 17.48/hr
1 hour the brick layer gang can lay 120 bricks
1m2 Half brick required 59 bricks = RM17.48/120 x 59/m2 RM 8.59/m2
Summary (Unit Rate)
Half Brickwall Material Cost
• Cement Mortar M2 RM 15.43/m2
• Brick M2 RM 26.02/m2
• Exmet M2 RM 1.86/m2
RM 43.31/m2
115mm wide DPC Material Cost M RM 0.51/m
Half Brickwall Labour Cost Labour to lay 1m2 RM 8.59/m2
Bonding Ties Material Cost No. RM 0.25/no.
Lump Sump Tender
Material Cost Rate Quantities Total
• Brickwall M2 43.31 78 RM 3378.18
• 115mm wide DPC M 0.51 26 RM 13.26
• Bonding Ties No. 0.25 36 RM 9.00
Labour Cost M2 8.59 78 RM 670.02
Total Cost = (Material + Labour) x Quantity RM 4070.46
Add profit and overhead 15% RM 610.57
TOTAL TENDER SUM RM 4681.03

82. Element No. 6 DOORS AND IRONMONGERIES
Material Data
Precast Concrete Lintels
Calculate 150mm x 150mm high precast reinforced concrete (Grade 30) lintels as per
Engineer’s details.
Material Cost
150mm x 150mm high precast concrete (Grade 30) lintels RM 29.00
Allow waste 5% on lintels
Labour Cost
Joiner rate at RM68.90/day (8 hours day)
Marking out lintels 15mins/m
Cutting lintels 30mins/m
Erect lintels 30mins/m
Fixing lintels 30mins/m
Tendering factors
Profit + Overheads 15%
*Price obtain from Seng Bee

83. Calculation of Precast Concrete Lintels
Calculate 150mm x 150mm high precast reinforced concrete (Grade 30) lintels as per
Engineer’s details.
Step 1: Material Cost
No Item Unit Quantity Rate (RM)/m
1 150mm x 150mm
high precast
reinforced concrete
(Grade 30) lintels
m 9 29.00
Total material cost RM 261.00
Step 2: Labour Cost
No Item Unit Quantity Hour/unit Time required
1 Marking out
lintels
15mins/m
m 9 0.25 2.25
2 Cutting lintels
30mins/m
m 9 0.50 4.50
3 Erect lintels
30mins/m
m 9 0.50 4.50
4 Fixing lintels
30mins/m
m 9 0.50 4.50
Total time
required
15.75
Total labour cost
RM 68.90/8 x 15.75 = RM135.65
Step 3: Allow estimation factor
Total material cost x 5% wastage = RM261.00 x 5% = RM13.05

84. Step 4: Total cost
Material RM261.00
Labour RM135.65
Estimation factor RM13.05
Total RM364.70
Prodit + overhead RM364.70 x 15% = RM54.71
Total cost RM419.41
Step 5: Unit rate
Total cost/quantity: RM419.41/9 = RM46.60/m

85. Material Data
Door Frames
38mm thick skeleton frame flush door including packing, grounds, fixing cramps, dowels
and all other fixing as per drawing.
Material cost
Doorframe sets; including packing, grounds, fixing cramps, dowels and all other fixing as
per architect detail’s drawing
Proposed:
Size: 0.914mx2.134m RM126.14
Labour cost
Joiner rate at RM68.90/day (8 hours/day)
Framing a door 6mins/m
Hanging a door 6mins/m
Screwing bolts and nuts 3mins/m
Fixing door frame 3mins/m
Allow profit + overhead 15%
Allow 5% of material cost
*Price obtained from ATKC
http://www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my/kempas-door-frame-3-w-x7-h

86. Calculation of door frame
38mm thick skeleton frame flush door including packings, grounds, fixing cramps,
dowels and all other fixing as per drawings.
Girth of door frame: 2/2.134+0.914 = 5.182m
Price of door frame: RM126.14/5.182 = RM24.34/m
Step 1: Material Cost
No Item Unit Quantity Rate (RM)/m
1 Door frame sets m 39 24.34
Total material cost 949.26
Step 2: Labour Cost
No Item Unit Quantity Hour/unit Time required
1 Framing a door
6mins/m
m 39 0.10 3.90
2 Hanging a door
6mins/m
m 39 0.10 3.90
3 Screwing a door
3mins/m
m 39 0.05 1.95
4 Fixing door
frame
3mins/m
m 39 0.05 1.95
Total time
required
11.70
Total labour cost
RM68.90/8x11.70 = RM100.77
Step 3: Allow estimation factor
RM949.26x5% = RM47.46
Step 4: Total cost

87. Material RM949.26
Labour RM100.77
Estimation factor RM47.46
Total RM1097.49
Profit + overhead RM1097.49 x 15% = RM164.62
Total cost RM1262.11
Step 5: Unit rate
Total cost/quantity: RM1262.11/39 = RM32.36/m
*Quantity of door frame:
New proposed door size 685.8mm x 2057.4mm (2 nos)
New proposed door size 762mm x 2057.4mm (6 nos)
*Doorframe girth:
2 x [ 0.686+(2x2.057) ]= 9.6
Doorframe girth:
6 x [ 0.762+(2x2.057) ]= 29.26
9.6+29.26= 38.86 (39m)
Material Data

88. Door Frames
38mm thick skeleton frame flush door including packings, grounds, fixing cramps,
dowels and all other fixing as per drawing.
Material cost
Architrave; including packings, grounds, fixing cramps, dowels and all other fixing as per
architect detail’s drawing
Size: 19x57x2100mm RM5.75/m
Labour cost
Joiner rate at RM68.90/day (8 hours/day)
Framing a door 6mins/m
Hanging a door 6mins/m
Screwing bolts and nuts 3mins/m
Fixing door frame 3mins/m
Allow profit + overhead 15%
Allow 5% of material cost
*Price obtained from Seng Bee
Calculation of door frame

89. 38mm thick skeleton frame flush door including packings, grounds, fixing cramps,
dowels and all other fixing as per drawings.
Price per m:
RM5.75/2.10m = RM2.74/m
Step 1: Material Cost
No Item Unit Quantity Rate (RM)
1 Architrave m 78 2.74
Total material cost 213.72
Step 2: Labour Cost
No Item Unit Quantity Hour/unit Time required
1 Framing a door
6mins/m
m 78 0.10 7.80
2 Hanging a door
6mins/m
m 78 0.10 7.80
3 Screwing a door
3mins/m
m 78 0.05 3.90
4 Fixing door
frame
3mins/m
m 78 0.05 3.90
Total time
required
23.40
Total labour cost
RM68.90/8x23.40 = RM201.53
Step 3: Allow estimation factor
RM213.72x5% = RM10.69
Step 4: Total cost

90. Material RM213.72
Labour RM201.53
Estimation factor RM10.69
Total RM425.94
Profit + overhead RM425.94 x 15% = RM63.89
Total cost RM489.83
Step 5: Unit rate
Total cost/quantity = RM489.83/78 = RM6.28/m
*Quantity of door frame:
New proposed door size 0.686m x 2.057m (2 nos)
New proposed door size 0.762m x 2.057m (6 nos)
Door frame girth:
2 x [ 0.686+(2x2.057) ]= 9.6
Door frame girth:
6 x [ 0.762+(2x2.057) ]= 29.26
9.6+29.26= 38.86 (39m)
2 sides architrave: 2x39= 78m
Material Data

91. Door Leaf
Supply and fix 38mm thick skeleton frame flush door in Nyatoh finish plywood
constructed of stiles, top, intermediate and bottom rail and covered on both side with
6mm thick plywood.
Material cost
Proposed
Single leaf plywood flush door 0.686m(w) x 2.057m(h) (ED1) RM79.50/no
Single leaf plywood flush door 0.762m(w) x 2.057m(h) (ND1) RM79.50/no
Allow 5% of material cost for other small tools and ladders
Labour cost
Joiner rate at RM68.90/day (8 hours day)
Framing a door 15mins/no
Hanging a door 15mins/no
Mortising the door for hinges 30mins/no
Install cylinder lock 20mins/no
Tendering factor
Profit + overhead 15%
*Price obtained from ATKC
http://www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my/index.php?
route=product/category&path=72_102&page=1
Calculation of door leaf

92. Supply and fix 38mm thick skeleton frame flush door in Nyatoh finish plywood
constructed of stiles, top, intermediate and bottom rail and covered on both side with
6mm thick plywood.
Step 1: Material cost
No Item Unit Quantity Rate (RM)
1 Single leaf plywood flush door
685.8mm(w)x2057.4mm(h) (ED1)
No 2 79.50
Total
material cost
159.00
Step 2: Labour cost
No Item Unit Quantity Hour/unit Time required
1 Framing a door
15mins/no
No 2 0.25 0.50
2 Hanging a door
15mins/no
No 2 0.25 0.50
3 Mortising the
door for hinges
30mins/no
No 2 0.50 1.00
4 Install cylinder
lock
20mins/no
No 2 0.33 0.66
Total time
required
2.66
Total labour cost
RM68.9/8x2.66 = RM22.91
Step 3:Tendering/tools cost
Allow 5% for tools: RM159.00x0.05 = RM7.95
Step 4: Total cost
Material RM159.00
Labour RM22.91

93. Tendering RM7.95
Total RM189.86
Profit + overhead RM189.86x15% RM28.48
Total cost RM218.34
Step 5: Unit rate
Total cost/quantity: RM218.34/2 = RM109.17/no
Calculation of door leaf
Supply and fix 38mm thick skeleton frame flush door in Nyatoh finish plywood
constructed of stiles, top, intermediate and bottom rail and covered on both side with

94. 6mm thick plywood.
Step 1: Material cost
No Item Unit Quantity Rate (RM)
1 Single leaf plywood flush
door 762mm(w)x2057.4mm(h) (ND1)
No 6 79.50
Total material
cost
477.00
Step 2: Labour cost
No Item Unit Quantity Hour/unit Time
required
1 Framing a door 15mins/no No 6 0.25 1.50
2 Hanging a door 15mins/no No 6 0.25 1.50
3 Mortising the door for
hinges 30mins/no
No 6 0.50 3.00
4 Install cylinder lock 20mins/no No 6 0.33 1.98
Total time
required
7.98
Total labour cost
RM68.9/8x7.98 = RM68.73
Step 3:Tendering/tools cost
Allow 5% for tools: RM477.00x0.05 = RM23.85
Step 4: Total cost
Material RM477.00
Labour RM68.73
Tendering RM23.85

95. Total RM569.58
Profit + overhead RM569.58x15% RM85.44
Total cost RM655.02
Step 5: Unit rate
Total cost/quantity: RM655.02/6 = RM109.17/no
Material Data
Door Ironmongeries
Supply and fix ironmongeries to timber; including provision of matching screw.
Material Cost

96. Cylindric entrance lock (Model: LOCKWOOD-7120) RM57.24/set
Surface pill handle on rose (Model: LOCKWOOD-TW250) RM50.00/set
Hinge 4” in stainless steel finish (Model: LOCKWOOD HG1) RM29.68/set
Labour Cost
Joiner rate at RM68.90/day (8 hours day)
Handling for steel butt hinges 15mins/no
Fastening bolts and nuts for hinges 10mins/no
Handling all ironmongeries 15mins/no
Fixing the ironmongeries 15mins/no
Tendering factor
Profit + overhead 15%
Tendering/tools cost
Allow 5% of the material cost for other small tools
*Price obtained from CIDB and Seng Bee
Calculation of door ironmongeries
Supply and fix stainless steel butt hinges 102mmx76mmx2mm (Model: LOCKWOOD
HG1)
Step 1: Material cost
No Item Unit Quantity Rate (RM)

97. 1 Supply and fix stainless steel
butt hinges
102mmx76mmx2mm
(Model: LOCKWOOD
HG1)
No 18 29.68
Total material
cost
534.24
Step 2: Labour cost
No Item Unit Quantity Hour/unit Time
required
1 Handling for steel butt hinges
15mins/no
no 18 0.25 4.50
2 Fastening bolts and nuts for hinges
10mins/no
no 18 0.17 3.06
Total time
required
7.56
Total labour cost
RM68.90/8x7.56 = RM65.11
Step 3: Tendering /tools cost
Allow 5% for tools: RM534.24x0.05=RM26.71
Step 4: Total cost
Material RM534.24
Labour RM65.11
Tendering RM26.71
Total RM626.06
Profit + overhead RM626.06x15% RM93.91

98. Total cost RM719.97
Step 5: Unit rate
Total cost/quantity: RM719.97/18 = RM40.00/no
Calculation of door ironmongeries
Supply and fix ironmongeries to timber, including provision of matching screw.
Step 1: Material cost
No Item Unit Quantity Rate (RM)
1 Cylindric entrance
lock (Model:
No 2 57.24

99. LOCKWOOD-7120)
Total material
cost
114.48
Step 2: Labour cost
No Item Unit Quantity Hour/unit Time required
1 Handling all
ironmongeries
15mins/no
no 2 0.25 0.50
2 Fixing the
ironmongeries
15mins/no
no 2 0.25 0.50
Total time
required
1.00
Total labour cost
RM68.90/8x1.00 = RM8.61
Step 3: Tendering /tools cost
Allow 5% for tools: RM114.48x0.05=RM5.72
Step 4: Total cost
Material RM114.48
Labour RM8.61
Tendering RM5.72
Total RM128.81
Profit + overhead RM128.81x15% RM19.32
Total cost RM148.13
Step 5: Unit rate
Total cost/quantity: RM148.13/2 = RM74.07no
Calculation of door ironmongeries
Supply and fix ironmongeries to timber, including provision of matching screw.
Step 1: Material cost
No Item Unit Quantity Rate (RM)
1 Surface pill handle
on rose
No 6 50.00

100. Total material cost 300.00
Step 2: Labour cost
No Item Unit Quantity Hour/unit Time required
1 Handling all
ironmongeries
15mins/no
no 6 0.25 1.50
2 Fixing the
ironmongeries
15mins/no
no 6 0.25 1.50
Total time
required
3,00
Total labour cost
RM68.90/8x3.00 = RM25.84
Step 3: Tendering /tools cost
Allow 5% for tools: RM300.00x0.05=RM15.00
Step 4: Total cost
Material RM300.00
Labour RM25.84
Tendering RM15.00
Total RM340.84
Profit + overhead RM340.84x15% RM51.13
Total cost RM391.97
Step 5: Unit rate
Total cost/quantity: RM391.97/6 = RM65.34/no
Material Data
Painting
Estimate the total cost and the unit rate per m2 in preparing and applying two coats of
clear vanish on woodwork to general surface of timber panel, door frame and architrave.
Painting data
Paint material Cost bucket (5litre) Surface Litres per 100m2
2 final coats RM98.23 wood 8.30
Allow 10% of wastage for all works

101. Painter data
Daily rate for painter is RM67.30/day for 8 hours day
Painter output data are as follow:
Paint materials Surface Hours per 100m2
2 Final coats wood 4.5
Tendering/tools cost
Allow 20% material costs for paint brush, accessories and other small tools.
Tendering factor
Allow 15% profit + overhead
*Price obtained from CIDB
Calculation of painting
Estimate the total cost and the unit rate per m2 in preparing and applying two coats of
clear vanish on woodwork to general surface of timber panel.
Step 1: Material cost
a. Cost/100m2
Description Formula Total Unit
2 final coats 98.23/5x8.3x2 326.12100m2
+ wastage 10% 326.12x0.10 32.60100m2

102. Total material cost 358.73100m2
Step 2: Labour cost
a. Hourly rate
Painter at
RM67.30/day
67.30/8 8.41100m2
b.Time required to paint 100m2
2 final coats 4.5x2 9100m2
Total time required to
paint 100m2
9100m2
c. Total labour cost
Hourly rate x time required: 8.41x9 = 75.69/100m2
Step 3: Total cost per 100m2 including profit and overhead
Material cost + labour cost:
358.73+75.69
434.42
Allow 20% for tools: 434.42x0.20 86.88100m2
Total 521.30100m2
+ Profit and overhead 521.30x15% 78.20
Total time required to paint 100m2 599.50100m2
Step 4: Unit cost
Total cost (RM)/total quantity (m2): RM599.59/100 = RM6.00/m2
Step 5: Total cost
Quantity required x unit rate: 32m2 x 6.00 = RM191.84/m2
Calculation of painting
Estimate the total cost and the unit rate per m in preparing and applying two coats of clear
vanish on woodwork to general surface of door frame.
Step 1: Material cost
a. Cost/100m
Description Formula Total Unit
2 final coats 98.23/5x(8.3/100)x2 3.261m2
+ wastage 10% 3.26x0.10 0.331m2

103. Total material cost 3.591m2
250mm girth 3.59 x 0.25 0.901m
Step 2: Labour cost
a. Hourly rate
Painter at
RM67.30/day
67.30/8 8.41100m
b. Time required to paint 100m
2 final coats (4.5/100)x2 0.091m2
Total time required to
paint 1m2
0.091m2
250mm girth 0.09 x 0.25 0.021m
c. Total labour cost
Hourly rate x time required: 8.41x0.02 = 0.17/m
Step 3: Total cost per 100m including profit and overhead
Material cost+labour cost: 0.90+0.17 1.071m
Allow 20% for tools: 1.07x0.20 0.211m
Total 1.281m
+Profit and overhead 1.28x15% 0.191m
Total Unit Rate 1.471m
Step 4: Total cost
Quantity required x unit rate: 39m x RM1.47/m = RM57.33/m
Calculation of painting
Estimate the total cost and the unit rate per m in preparing and applying two coats of clear
vanish on woodwork to general surface of architrave.
Step 1: Material cost
a. Cost/100m
Description Formula Total Unit
2 final coats 98.23/5x(8.3/100)x2 3.261m2

104. + wastage 10% 3.26x0.10 0.331m2
Total material cost 3.591m2
100mm girth 3.59x0.10 0.361m
Step 2: Labour cost
a.Hourly rate
Painter at
RM67.30/day
67.30/8 8.41100m
b.Time required to paint 100m
2 final coats (4.5/100)x2 0.091m2
Total time required to
paint 1m2
0.091m2
100mm girth 0.09 x 0.10 0.091m
c. Total labour cost
Hourly rate x time required: 8.41x 0.09hour = 0.76/1m
Step 3: Total cost per 100m including profit and overhead
Material cost+labour cost: 0.36+0.76 1.121m
Allow 20% for tools: 1.12x0.20 0.221m
Total 1.341m
+Profit and overhead 1.34x15% 0.201m
Total Unit Rate 1.541m
Step 4: Total cost
Quantity required x unit rate: 78m x RM1.54/m = RM120.12/m
Material Data
Roller door
Colour bond roller door as architect’s approval; as per drawing overall size 3500mm x
2000mm
Material cost
Colour bond roller door RM153.01
Labour cost
Joiner rate at RM68.90/day (8 hours day)

105. Handling the roller door 15mins/no
Connector roller door 30mins/no
Fastened the bolts and nuts 20mins/no
Fixing roller door 15mins/no
Tendering factor
Allow 15% profit + overhead
Tendering/tools cost
Allow 5% of the material cost for other small tools and ladder
Calculation of roller door
Colourbond roller door as architect’s approval; as per drawing overall size 3500mm x
2000mm
Data:-
Rate for roller door:
1m2= 10.76 square feet
1 square feet= RM18.00 (Price from Sabah)
1m2= RM18x10.76
RM193.68x0.21% (Price difference between Sabah and Selangor)= RM40.67

106. RM193.68-RM40.67= RM153.01/m2
Step 1: Material cost
No Item Unit Quantity Rate (RM)/m2
1 3500mm x
2000mm colour
bond roller door to
architect’s
approval
no 1 153.01
Total material cost 153.01
Step 2: Labour cost
No Item Unit Quantity Hour/unit Time
required
1 Handling the roller door
15mins/no
no 1 0.25 0.25
2 Connectors roller door
30mins/no
no 1 0.50 0.50
3 Fastened the bolts and nuts
20mins/no
no 1 0.33 0.33
4 Fixing roller door 15mins/no no 1 0.25 0.25
Total time
required
1.33
Total labour cost
RM68.90/8x1.33 = RM11.45
Step 3: Tendering/tool cost
Allow 5% for tools = RM153.01x0.05% = RM7.65
Step 4: Total cost
Material RM153.01
Labour RM11.45
Tendering RM7.65
Total RM172.11
Profit + overhead RM172.11x15% RM25.82
Total cost/no RM197.93

107. ELEMENT NO. 7 – INTERNAL WALL FINISHES
Estimate Cost of InsituFinishings
20mm thick cement and sand (1:3) plastering with approved plasticizer.
Estimating Data:
Materials:
ITEM COST
OP Cement (50kg/bag)* RM16.96/bag
FineMining Sand* RM40.99/tonne
Shrinkage factor for (1:3) mix 30%
Wastage factor for mixing mortar 10%
Labour rate:
Skilled labour* RM85/day
Semi-skilled labour* RM63/day

108. Output data:
• Plasticizer used is 6L/tone of cement at a cost of RM5.00 per litre.
• Coverage for 20mm thick plaster is 75mm per 1000kg.
• 2 skilled and 1 semi-skilled labour. Output for mix and apply is 100m2 in 18
hours.
• Taking delivery and staking cement at 20 nos. of 50kg bag per hour.
Material weight:
• Density of cement – 1420kg/m3
• Density of sand – 1600kg/m3
Tendering factor:
• Allow 15% of profit including overhead
*Price for OP Cement is obtained from CIDB.
*Price for Fine Mining Sand is obtained from CIDB.
*Labour rates are obtained from CIDB.
Calculation: Cost of InsituFinishings
MATERIAL COST
Cement and sand (1:3) + plasticizer – m2
OP Cement including unloading:
1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg =1420/50 x 16.96 481.66
Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM40.99/tonne =1600/1000 x 40.99 x 3
196.75
Gross Total 678.41/4m3
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) =678.41/4 169.60/m3

109. Plasticizer 6L/1000kg by cement @RM5/L =6/1000x(1420/4)x5 10.65
180.25
Add shrinkage, waste (30%+10%) =180.25 x (30%+10%) 281.19
Cost per m2 =281.19 x 0.020 RM 5.62/m2
LABOUR COST (M2)
Labour gang
2 skilled @RM85/person/day =RM85/8 x 2 21.25/hour
1 semi-skilled @RM63/person/day =RM63/8 7.88/hour
Labour gang hourly rate RM 29.13/hour
Coverage of plasteris 75m2/1000kg
Assumed 1000kg refers to cement only
Therefore 1m2 requires how many kg of cement =1000/75 13.33kg
Time required by labour
Delivery and staking of 13.33kg cement =[13.33/ (20x50)] x 1 0.013
hour
Mix and apply 1m2 =18 hours/100m2 0.180 hour
Total time required 0.193 hour
Total labour cost per m2 =0.193 x 29.13 RM 5.62/m2
Total cost (m2)
Total cost = material + labour =5.62 + 5.62 11.24 ringgit
15% (overhead + profit) 1.69
Total 12.93 ringgit
Estimate Cost of Backings and Tiles Finishings
I. 15mm thick cement and sand (1:3) backings; cement screeded finish; with
approved adhesive mix with clean water; to receive wall tiles
II. 300mmx300mmx5mm thick ceramic tiles in glazed finish; pointing and grouting
with approved admix in white cement
Allow 15% profit including overhead
Material cost:

110. • 300mmx300mmx5mm glazed ceramic tiles @RM1.25/piece*
• OP Cement 1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg
• Sand 1600kg/m3 at RM 40.99/tonne
• Allow 33.33% waste and shrinkage for cement mortar
• Allow 10% waste for ceramic tiles
• Allow RM2.00 for white cement mortar/m2
Labour cost*:
• Semi-skilled labour for cement mortar mix RM61.80/day (8 hours)
• Tiler (skilled labour) RM87.20/day (8 hours)
Output data:
To mix 1m3 of cement mortar requires 1hour
To lay 1m2 of ceramic tiles requires 2.5hours
To do 1m2 of pointing requires 1hour
*Price for OP Cement is obtained from CIDB.
*Price for Fine Mining Sand is obtained from CIDB.
*Price for Ceramic Wall Tiles are obtained from CIDB.
*Labour rates are obtained from CIDB.
Calculation: Cost of Backings and Tiles Finishings
MATERIAL COST
Cement and sand mix (1:3) – m2
OP Cement including unloading:

111. 1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg =1420/50 x 16.96 481.66
Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM40.99/tonne =1600/1000 x 40.99 x 3
196.75
Gross Total 678.41
Add waste, shrinkage 33.33% =678.41 x 33.33% 226.11
Net total for 4m3 904.52
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) =904.52/4 226.13/m3
Cost per m2 =226.13 x 0.015 3.39/m2
Ceramic tiles (m2)
No. of tiles per m2 =1/(0.3x0.3) 11.11 pieces
Gross cost per m2 @RM1.25/piece =11.11 x 1.25 13.89
Add 10% wastage =13.89 x 0.10 1.39
Net cost per m2 =13.89 + 1.39 15.28/m2
White Cement Mortar (m2) 2.00
Total Material Cost =15.28 + 3.39 + 2.00 20.67
LABOUR COST (M2)
To mix cement and sand
Semi-skilled labour @RM61.80/day =61.80/8 7.73/hour
Cost to mix 1m2 =7.73 x 1 x 0.015 0.12/m2
To lay ceramic tiles and pointing
Tiler @RM87.20/day =87.20/8 10.90/hour
Cost to lay 1m2 and point 1m2 =(2.5+1) x 10.90 38.15/m2
Total labour cost /m2 =0.12 + 38.15 38.27/m2
TOTAL COST (M2)
Quantity = 95 95 m2
Total cost = Qty x rate = 95 x (20.67+38.27) 5599.30
ringgit
Add 15% (profit+overhead) 839.90
Total 6439.20ringgit
Estimate Cost of Painting
Prepare one coat of primer; 2 undercoats and 1 final coat on plastered
surface.

112. Paint Data*:
Paint materials Cost/bucket (5litres) Surface Litres per 100m2
Primer RM120.00 Plaster 8.3
Undercoat RM120.00 Plaster 7.2
Final coat RM38.00 (1 litre) Plaster 8.3
Allow 10% wastage for all works.
Painter Data*:
• Skilled labour rate is RM88/day for 8 hours day.
Paint materials Surface Hour per 100m2
Primer Plaster 6.6
Undercoat Plaster 5.8
Final coat Plaster 4.5
Tendering/Tools Cost:
• 20% material cost for paint brush, accessories and other small tools.
• 3% for scaffolding
Tendering Factor:
• 15% profit including overhead.
*Price for primer, undercoat, and final paint are obtained from Seng Bee
Hardware & Timber SdnBhd Mr. Lee.
*Labour rates are obtained from CIDB.
Calculation: Cost of Painting
MATERIAL COST
Cost/100m2

113. 1 coat primer =120/5 x 8.3 199.20/100m2
2 undercoat =120/5 x 7.2 x 2 345.60/100m2
1 final coat =38 x 8.3 315.40/100m2
860.20/100m2
Add wastage 10% =860.20x 0.10 86.02/100m2
946.22/100m2
LABOUR COST
Hourly rate
Painter at RM88/day =88/8 11.00
Time required to paint 100m2
1 coat primer =6.6 6.6 hr/100m2
2 undercoat =5.8 x 2 11.60hr/100m2
I final coat =4.5 4.5hr/100m2
Total time required to paint 100m2 22.70hr/100m2
Total labour cost
Hourly rate x time required =11.00 x 22.70 249.70/100m2
Total cost per 100m2 including profit and overhead
Material cost + labour cost =946.22+249.70
1195.92ringgit/100m2
Allow 20% for tools =946.22 x 0.20 189.24ringgit/100m2
Total cost/100m21385.16 ringgit/100m2
Add scaffolding =1385.16 x 0.03 41.55ringgit/100m2
1426.71 ringgit/100m2
Add 15% (profit+overhead) =1426.71 x 0.15
214.01ringgit/100m2
Total 1640.72 ringgit/100m2
Unit Cost
Total cost (RM)/total qty (m2) =1640.72/100 16.41m2
Total cost
Quantity required x unit rate =132 x 16.41 2166.12 ringgit
Quantity =132m2
CADANGAN MEMBINA SATU RUMAH CONTOH DI ATAS LOT 123, MUKIM
PETALING JAYA, NEGERI SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN
BILLS OF QUANTITIES
BILL NO. 4 – MAIN BUILDING WORKS
ELEMENT NO. 8 – INTERNAL FLOOR FINISHES

114. BQ ref ITEM DESCRIPTION Unit Qty Rate (RM) TOTAL (RM)
BEDS ANDD BACKINGS
Cement and sand (1:3) screed as described:
20mm thick, smooth steel trowelled:
B4(8)/1/
A
To floor
20mm thick as backings screed with approved
adhesive mix with clean water; to receive floor
tiles
m2 18
B4(8)/1/B
B4(8)/1/C
B4(8)/1/
D
B4(8)/1/E
To floor
To floor: laid to fall not exceeding 15⁰
from horizontal
To drop: 100mm high
To skirting: 150mm high
m2
m2
m
m
86
4
7
70
TILES FINISHING
300mm x 300mm x 8mm thick ceramic tiles in
glazed finish; “SIXNY 3-23001 WHITE” including;
pointing and grouting with approved admix in
white cement
B4(8)/1/F
B4(8)/1/
G
B4(8)/1/
H
B4(8)/1/I
To floor
To floor: laid to fall not exceeding 15⁰
from horizontal
To drop: 100mm high
To skirting: 150mm high
m2
m2
m
m
86
4
7
70
Total Carry To Summary Page of Bill No.4 – Page B4 (Summary)/1
B4(8)/1
ELEMENT NO.8 – INTERNAL FLOOR FINISHES
ELEMENT NO. 8 DATA:
Material Cost

115. 300mm x 300mm x 8mm thick glazed ceramic floor tile RM2.90/piece
OPC 1m3 at 1420kg/m3 RM16.96/50kg
Normal mining sand at 1600kg/m3 RM37.81/tonne
Wastage & Shrinkage for cement mortar 15%
Waste for ceramic tiles 10%
Labour Cost (8hours/day)
Unskilled Labour, Foreign RM52.50/day
Tiler, Skilled, Foreign RM87.20/day
Output Data
To mix 1m3 of cement mortar requires 1hour
To lay 1m2 of ceramic tiles requires 2hours
To do 1m2 pointing requires 0.5hour
Tendering factor:
Allow 15% for profit & overhead.
* Price for Plain 300mm x 300mm x 8mm thick glazed ceramic floor tile, Ordinary Portland
Cement, normal mining sand, tiler skilled and unskilled labour rates are obtained from CIDB.
ELEMENT NO.8 – INTERNAL FLOOR FINISHES
Estimate the cost to finish 18m2 floor with 20mm thick cement and sand (1:3), smooth steel
trowelled.
CALCULATION
STEP 1: MATERIAL COST
Cement Mortar Mix (1:3) – m2
Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading:
1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg = 1420kg/m3 x RM16.96/50kg =
481.66

116. Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM37.81/tonne = 1600kg/m3 x RM37.81/1000kg x 3 =
181.49
Gross Total 663.15
add 15% wastage & shrinkage = 663.15 x 15% = 99.47
Net total for 4m3
762.62
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) = 762.62 / 4 = 190.66/m3
Cost per m2 = 190.66 x 0.020 = 3.81/m2
STEP 2: LABOUR COST(m2)
To mix cement mortar
Unskilled labour @RM52.50/day = RM52.50 / 8hour = RM6.56/hour
Cost to mix 1m2 = RM6.56/hour x 1hour/m3 x 0.020m = RM0.13/m2
STEP 3: TOTAL COST (m2)
Total cost = Qty x rate = 18m2 x RM(3.81+0.13)/m2 = RM70.92
Add 15% profit & overhead = RM10.64
TOTAL RM 81.56
Estimate the cost to finish 86m2 floor with 20mm thick cement and sand (1:3) as backings
screed with approved adhesive mix with clean water; to receive floor tiles.
CALCULATION
STEP 1: MATERIAL COST
Cement Mortar Mix (1:3) – m2
Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading:
1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg = 1420kg/m3 x RM16.96/50kg =
481.66

117. Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM37.81/tonne = 1600kg/m3 x RM37.81/1000kg x 3 =
181.49
Gross Total 663.15
add 15% wastage & shrinkage = 663.15 x 15% = 99.47
Net total for 4m3
762.62
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) = 762.62 / 4 = 190.66/m3
Cost per m2 = 190.66 x 0.020 = 3.81/m2
STEP 2: LABOUR COST(m2)
To mix cement mortar
Unskilled labour @RM52.50/day = RM52.50 / 8hour = RM6.56/hour
Cost to mix 1m2 = RM6.56/hour x 1hour/m3 x 0.020m = RM0.13/m2
STEP 3: TOTAL COST (m2)
Total cost = Qty x rate = 86m2 x RM(3.81+0.13)/m2 = RM338.84
Add 15% profit & overhead = RM 50.83
TOTAL RM 389.67
Estimate the cost to finish 4m2 floor: laid to fall not exceeding 15⁰ from horizontal with 20mm
thick cement and sand (1:3) as backings screed with approved adhesive mix with clean water;
to receive floor tiles.
CALCULATION
STEP 1: MATERIAL COST
Cement Mortar Mix (1:3) – m2
Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading:
1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg = 1420kg/m3 x RM16.96/50kg =
481.66
Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM37.81/tonne = 1600kg/m3 x RM37.81/1000kg x 3 =
181.49
Gross Total 663.15

118. add 15% wastage & shrinkage = 663.15 x 15% = 99.47
Net total for 4m3
762.62
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) = 762.62 / 4 = 190.66/m3
Cost per m2 = 190.66 x 0.020 = 3.81/m2
STEP 2: LABOUR COST(m2)
To mix cement mortar
Unskilled labour @RM52.50/day = RM52.50 / 8hour = RM6.56/hour
Cost to mix 1m2 = RM6.56/hour x 1hour/m3 x 0.020m = RM0.13/m2
STEP 3: TOTAL COST (m2)
Total cost = Qty x rate = 4m2 x RM(3.81+0.13)/m2 = RM15.76
Add 15% profit & overhead = RM 2.36
TOTAL RM 18.12
Estimate the cost to finish 7m long, 100mm high drop with 20mm thick cement and sand (1:3)
as backings screed with approved adhesive mix with clean water; to receive floor tiles.
CALCULATION
STEP 1: MATERIAL COST
Cement Mortar Mix (1:3) – m
Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading:
1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg = 1420kg/m3 x RM16.96/50kg =
481.66
Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM37.81/tonne = 1600kg/m3 x RM37.81/1000kg x 3 =
181.49
Gross Total 663.15
add 15% wastage & shrinkage = 663.15 x 15% = 99.47
Net total for 4m3
762.62
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) = 762.62 / 4 = 190.66/m3
Cost per m = RM190.66/m3 x 0.020m x 0.100m =

119. 0.38/m
STEP 2: LABOUR COST(m)
To mix cement mortar
Unskilled labour @RM52.50/day = RM52.50 / 8hour = RM6.56/hour
Cost to mix 1m = RM6.56/hour x 1hour/m3 x 0.020m x 0.100m =
RM0.01/m
STEP 3: TOTAL COST (m)
Total cost = Qty x rate = 7m x RM(0.38+0.01)/m = RM 2.73
Add 15% profit & overhead = RM 0.41
TOTAL RM 3.14
Estimate the cost to finish 70m long, 150mm high skirting with 20mm thick cement and sand
(1:3) as backings screed with approved adhesive mix with clean water; to receive floor tiles.
CALCULATION
STEP 1: MATERIAL COST
Cement Mortar Mix (1:3) – m
Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading:
1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg = 1420kg/m3 x RM16.96/50kg =
481.66
Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM37.81/tonne = 1600kg/m3 x RM37.81/1000kg x 3 =
181.49
Gross Total 663.15
add 15% wastage & shrinkage = 663.15 x 15% = 99.47
Net total for 4m3
762.62
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) = 762.62 / 4 = 190.66/m3
Cost per m = RM190.66/m3 x 0.020m x 0.150m =
0.57/m
STEP 2: LABOUR COST(m)

120. To mix cement mortar
Unskilled labour @RM52.50/day = RM52.50 / 8hour = RM6.56/hour
Cost to mix 1m = RM6.56/hour x 1hour/m3 x 0.020m x 0.150m =
RM0.02/m
STEP 3: TOTAL COST (m)
Total cost = Qty x rate = 70m x RM(0.57+0.02)/m = RM 41.30
Add 15% profit & overhead = RM 6.20
TOTAL RM 47.50
Estimate the cost to finish 86m2 floor with 300mm x 300mm x 5mm thick ceramic tiles in
glazed finish; “SIXNY 3-23001 WHITE” including; pointing and grouting with approved admix in
white cement.
CALCULATION
STEP 1: MATERIAL COST
Ceramic tiles – m2
No. of tiles per m2 = 1m2/(0.3mx0.3m) = 11.11 pieces
Gross cost per m2 @RM2.90/piece =11.11 x RM 2.90 = RM32.22
Add 10% wastage =RM32.22 x 10% =RM 3.22
Net cost per m2 =RM32.22 + RM3.22
=RM35.44/m2
STEP 2: LABOUR COST(m2)
To lay ceramic tiles and pointing
Tiler @RM87.20/day = RM87.20 / 8hour = RM10.90/hour
Cost to lay and point 1m2 = RM10.90/hour x (2+0.5)hour/m2 = RM27.25/m2
STEP 3: TOTAL COST (m2)
Total cost = Qty x rate =86m2 x RM(35.44+27.25)/m2 = RM5,391.34
Add 15% profit & overhead = RM 808.70
TOTAL RM 6,200.04

121. Estimate the cost to finish 4m2 floor: laid to fall not exceeding 15⁰ from horizontal; with
300mm x 300mm x 5mm thick ceramic tiles in glazed finish; “SIXNY 3-23001 WHITE” including;
pointing and grouting with approved admix in white cement.
CALCULATION
STEP 1: MATERIAL COST
Ceramic tiles – m2
No. of tiles per m2 = 1m2/(0.3mx0.3m) = 11.11 pieces
Gross cost per m2 @RM2.90/piece =11.11 x RM 2.90 = RM32.22
Add 10% wastage =RM32.22 x 10% =RM 3.22
Net cost per m2 =RM32.22 + RM3.22
=RM35.44/m2
STEP 2: LABOUR COST(m2)
To lay ceramic tiles and pointing
Tiler @RM87.20/day = RM87.20 / 8hour = RM10.90/hour
Cost to lay and point 1m2 = RM10.90/hour x (2+0.5)hour/m2 = RM27.25/m2
STEP 3: TOTAL COST (m2)
Total cost = Qty x rate =4m2 x RM(35.44+27.25)/m2= RM 250.76
Add 15% profit & overhead = RM 37.61
TOTAL RM 288.37

122. Estimate the cost to finish 7m long, 100mm high drop with 300mm x 300mm x 5mm thick
ceramic tiles in glazed finish; “SIXNY 3-23001 WHITE” including; pointing and grouting with
approved admix in white cement.
CALCULATION
STEP 1: MATERIAL COST
Ceramic tiles – m
No. of tiles per m = 1m2/0.3m = 3.33 pieces
Gross cost per m @RM2.90/piece =3.33 x RM 2.90 = RM9.66
Add 10% wastage =RM9.66 x 10% =RM0.97
Net cost per m =RM9.66 + RM0.97
=RM10.63/m
STEP 2: LABOUR COST(m)
To lay ceramic tiles and pointing
Tiler @RM87.20/day = RM87.20 / 8hour = RM10.90/hour
Cost to lay and point 1m = RM10.90/hour x (2+0.5)hour/m2 x 0.3m = RM 8.18/m
STEP 3: TOTAL COST (m)
Total cost = Qty x rate =7m x RM(10.63+8.18)/m = RM 131.67
Add 15% profit & overhead = RM 19.75
TOTAL RM 151.42

123. Estimate the cost to finish 70m long, 150mm high skirting with 300mm x 300mm x 5mm thick
ceramic tiles in glazed finish; “SIXNY 3-23001 WHITE” including; pointing and grouting with
approved admix in white cement.
CALCULATION
STEP 1: MATERIAL COST
Ceramic tiles – m
No. of tiles per m = 1m2/0.3m = 3.33 pieces
Gross cost per m @RM2.90/piece =3.33 x RM 2.90 = RM9.66
Add 10% wastage =RM9.66 x 10% =RM0.97
Net cost per m =RM9.66 + RM0.97
=RM10.63/m
STEP 2: LABOUR COST(m)
To lay ceramic tiles and pointing
Tiler @RM87.20/day = RM87.20 / 8hour = RM10.90/hour
Cost to lay and point 1m = RM10.90/hour x (2+0.5)hour/m2 x 0.3m = RM 8.18/m
STEP 3: TOTAL COST (m)
Total cost = Qty x rate =70m x RM(10.63+8.18)/m = RM 1,316.70
Add 15% profit & overhead = RM 197.51
TOTAL RM 1,514.21

124. ELEMENT NO. 9 – INTERNAL CEILING FINISHES
1. Plasterboard Ceiling
- We proposed to use Plain Gysum Board, ‘BORAL’, 610mm x 1220mm x 9.5mm to
replace 10mm thick ‘BORAL’ plasterboard.
- We proposed to use Astino Aluzinc Batten 121 63.0mm x 26.0mm x 0.48mm (T) x 6.0m
(L) to replace 12mm x 32mm 0.4mm ceiling batten.
Data:
Material Cost:
• Plain Gysum Board, ‘BORAL’, 610mm x 1220mm x 9.5mm – RM 6.36/sheet*
• Allow 10% cutting wastage
• Screws required for general construction work 50 pcs/m2 at RM2.00/50pcs*
• Astino Aluzinc Batten 121 63.0mm x 26.0mm x 32.0mm 0.48mm (T) x 6.0m (L) –
RM 12.96 per unit*.
Labour Cost:
• 1 gang of carpenter consists of 2 carpenters and 1 unskilled labourer
• 1 gang of installer consists of one skilled labour and one unskilled labour.
• The daily rate for carpenter is RM96.50* for an 8 hours day
• The daily rate for skilled labourer is RM 61.90* for an 8 hours day
• The daily rate for unskilled labourer is RM52.50* for an 8 hours day
Labourer Output:
• The workers need 24 hours to install total area of 104m2 of plasterboard ceiling
with ceiling batten ( 24/104 = 0.23 h/m2 )
• The workers need 0.23 hours to install 1 m2 plasterboard ceiling with ceiling
batten
Tendering Factor:
• Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for profit and overhead
* Price for Plain Gysum Board, ‘BORAL’, 610mm x 1220mm x 9.5mm, carpenter skilled
and unskilled labour rates are obtained from CIDB.
* Price for screws is obtained from
http://www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my/combinedpanheadtappingscrew4x1(50pcs-pkt)?
search=Screw&sort=p.price&order=ASC. The price is exclusive 6% GST.
* Price for Astino Aluzinc Batten 121 63.0mm x 26.0mm x 32.0mm 0.48mm (T) x 6.0m
(L) is obtained from http://www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my/astino-batten-121-63-0mm-x-
26-0mm-x-32-0mm-0-48mm-t-x-6-0m-l?search=%20batten. The price is exclusive 6%
GST.

125. Calculation:
Material Cost
Plain Gysum Board, 610mm x 1220mm x 9.5mm = RM 6.36/sheet
= RM6.36 / (0.61
x 1.22)
= RM 8.55/m2
Allow 10% cutting wastage = RM8.55 x 10% = RM 0.86/m2
Screw = RM 2.00/m2
Add 6% GST = RM2.00 x 6% = RM 0.12/m2
Total Plasterboard Ceiling Cost
per m2
= RM11.53/m2
Astino Aluzinc Batten 121 63.0mm x 26.0mm x 0.48mm (T) x 6.0m
(L)
= RM12.96/unit
Average width = (63 + 26) / 2 = 44.5mm
Batten in m2 = length x width = 6 m x 0.445m = 2.67m2
Ceiling Batten Cost per m2 = RM12.96 / 2.67m2 = RM 4.85/m2
Add 6% GST = RM 4.85 x 6% = RM 0.49/m2
Total Ceiling Batten Cost
per m2
= RM 5.34/m2
Total Material Cost per m2 = RM11.53/m2 +
RM5.34/m2
= RM16.87/m2
Labour Cost
Hourly rate: 2 carpenter at RM96.50/day = 2 x
RM96.50/8
= RM24.13/hour
1 skilled labourer at RM61.90/day = RM61.90/8 = RM 7.74/hour
2 unskilled labourer at RM52.50/day = 2 x
RM52.50/8
= RM13.13/hour
Total
hourly rate
= RM 45.00/hour
Time required: 0.23h/m2
Total labour cost per m2 = RM 45/h x 0.23h/m2 = RM10.35/m2
Total Cost
Total gross cost per m2 = Material cost/m2 + labour cost/m2
= RM16.87/m2 + RM 10.35/m2 = RM27.22
Profit and Overhead = RM 27.22 x 15% = RM 4.08
Unit cost
(m2)
= RM31.30
Total Cost (m2)

126. Unit cost (RM/m2) x total quantity (m2) = RM31.30 x 104m2 = RM 3255.20
2. Painting
- one coat primer, two undercoats and one final emulsion paint
Paint Data:
Paint Materials Cost* Litres per 100m2
Primer RM120/5 litres 8.3
Undercoat RM120/5 litres 7.2
Final coat RM 38/litre 8.3
• Allow 10% wastage for all works
Painter Data:
• 1 gang of painter consists of 1 painter and 1 unskilled labourer
• Daily rate for painter is RM88.00* for an 8 hours day.
• The daily rate for unskilled labourer is RM52.50* for an 8 hours day.
Painter output data:
Paint Materials Hour per 100m2
Primer 5.0
Undercoat 4.4
Final coat 3.4
Tendering / Tools Cost:
• Allow 20% of the material cost for paint brush, accessories and other small tools
Tendering Factor:
• Allow 15% of the total cost incurs for the profit and overhead
*Cost of paint is obtained from Seng Bee Hardware & Timber Sdn Bhd, Mr. Lee
*Daily rate for painter is obtained from CIDB

127. Calculation:
Material cost:
Cost / 100m2
1 coat primer = RM120 / 5 x 8.3 = RM199.20/100m2
2 undercoat = RM120 / 5 x 7.2 x 2 = RM345.60/100m2
1 final coat = RM 38 x 8.3 = RM315.40/100m2
RM860.20/100m2
Allow 10% wastage = RM860.20 x 10 % = RM 86.02/100m2
RM946.22/100m2
Labour cost:
Hourly rate
Painter at RM88.00/day = RM88/8 = RM11.00
Unskilled labourer at RM52.50/day = RM52.50/8 = RM 6.56
RM17.56
Time required to paint 100m2
1 coat primer = 5.00 hr/100m2
2 undercoat = 4.4 x 2 = 8.80 hr/100m2
1 final coat = 3.40 hr/100m2
Total time required to paint
100m2
= 17.20 hr/100m2
Total labour cost = hourly rate x time required
= RM 17.56 x 17.20 hr/100m2 = RM302.30/100m2
Total cost per 100m2 including profit and overhead:
Material cost + Labour cost = RM946.22 + RM302.30 = RM1248.52/100m2
Allow 20% for tools = RM1248.52 x 20% = RM 249.70/100m2
Gross total cost per
100m2
= RM1498.22/100m2
Add profit and overhead = RM1498.22 x 15% = RM 224.73/100m2
Total cost per
100 m2
= RM1722.95/100m2
Unit cost:
Total cost per 100m2 / 100m2 = RM1722.95 / 100m2 = RM17.23/m2
Total cost:
Unit cost x total quantity = RM17.23/m2 x 104m2 = RM1791.92

128. CADANGAN MEMBINA SATU RUMAH CONTOH DI ATAS LOT 123, MUKIM
PETALING JAYA, NEGERI SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN
BILLS OF QUANTITIES
BILL NO.4 - MAIN BUILDING WORKS
ELEMENT NO. 10 - EXTERNAL FINISHES
BQ REF ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE (RM) TOTAL (RM)
B4(10)/1/A
B4(10)/1/B
B4(10)/1/C
B4(10)/1/D
B4(10)/1/E
INSITU FINISHINGS
20mm thick cement and sand (1:3) plastering with
approved plasticizer as described:-
Wall and column
20mm thick cement and sand (1:3) screed including
smooth trowelled as described:-
To floor
3mm thick cement skim coat to soffit and sides of
soffit as described:-
Not exceeding 3.00m above floor
PAINTING
Preparing; applying one coat of solvent based
alkaline resisting primer; 2 undercoat and 1 final
emulsion paint; “ ICI ” or approved equivalent:-
Plastered surface, wall and column
To soffit and sides of soffit not exceeding 3.00m
above ground
M2
M2
M2
M2
M2
91
18
36
91
36
12
85
7
13
13
1092
1530
252
1169
463
Total Carry To Summary Page of Bill No.4 - Page B4(Summary)/

129. ELEMENT NO.10 - EXTERNAL FINISHES
Calculate the cost per m2 for the 20mm thick cement and sand (1:3) plastering with
approved plasticizer as described to wall and column.
DATA:
Materials:
ITEM COST
Ordinary Portland Cement (50kg/bag) RM16.96/bag
Sand (Normal Mining Sand) RM37.81/m3
Shrinkage factor for (1:3) mix 30%
Wastage factor for mixing mortar 10%
Labour rate:
Skilled Labour RM85/day
Unskilled Labour RM63/day
Output data:
- Plasticizer used is 6 litre/ton of cement at a cost of RM5.00/litre.
- Coverage for 20mm thick plaster is 75m2 / 1000kg
- Gang compromises 2 skilled & 1 unskilled labourers.
Gang output for mix and apply is 100m2 in 18 hours.
- Taking delivery & stacking cement at 20 nos of 50 kg bag per hour.
Material weight:
- Density of cement is 1420 kg/m3
- Density of sand is 1600 kg/m3
Tendering factor:
- Allow 15% for profit and overhead.
* Cost of paint is obtained from Seng Bee Hardware & Timber Sdn Bhd, Mr. Lee
* Daily rate for plasterer is obtain from CIDB

130. Calculation :
Step 1: Material cost
Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading:
1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM 16.96 / 50kg = 1420/50 x RM16.96 = 481.66
Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM37.81/m3 = 37.81 x 3 = 113.43
Gross Total 595.09 /4m3
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) = 595.09 / 4 = 148.77
Plasticizer 6L/1000kg cement @ RM5/litre = 6/1000x(1420/4)xRM5.00 = 10.65
159.42
Add shrinkage, waste (30% + 10%) = 159.42 x (30% + 10%) = 223.19
Cost per m2 = 223.19 x 0.020 = RM 4.46/m2
STEP 2: Labour cost
Labour Gang:
- 2 skilled labour @ RM85/person/day =RM85/8 x 2 = 21.25/hour
- 1 unskilled labour @ RM63/person/day =RM63/8 x 1 = 7.88/hour
Labour gang hourly rate (RM) = 29.13/hr
Coverage of plaster is 75m2/1000kg =1000/75 =13.33kg
Assumed 1000kg is refers to cement only
Time required by labour:
Delivery and Staking of 13.33 kg cement = [13.33/(20 x 50)]x1 = 0.013 hr
Mix and apply 1m2 = 18 hr / 100m2 =0.180hr
Total time required 0.193 hr
Total labour cost per m2 = 0.193 x 29.13 = 5.62/m2
Step 3: Total cost (m2)
Total cost : Material + Labour = 4.46 + 5.62 = RM10.08
Add 15 % profit & overhead = RM 1.51
TOTAL RM 11.59

131. Calculate the cost to finish 20 mm thick cement and sand (1:3) screed including smooth steel
trowelled as described to floor.
DATA
Material cost:
- Ordinary Portland Cement 1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg
- Sand 1600kg/m3 at RM37.81/tonne
- Allow 33.33% waste and shrinkage for cement mortar
Labour cost:
- Unskilled labour for cement mortar mix RM52.50/day(8 hrs)
Output data:
- To mix 1m3 of cement mortar require 1 hour
* Dairy rate for general builder is obtain from CIDB

132. Calculation
Step 1: Material cost
Cement mortar mix (1:3) - m2
Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading:
1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM 16.96 / 50kg = 1420/50 x RM16.96 = 481.66
Sand at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM37.81/m3 = 37.81 x 3 = 113.43
Gross Total 595.09
Add shrinkage, waste etc 33.33% = 595.09 x 33% = 198.34
Net total for 4m3 793.43
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) =793.43/4 =198.36/m3
Total Material Cost/m2 =198.36 x 0.020 = 3.97
Step 2: Labour cost
To mix cement mortar
@unskilled labour rm52.50/day = RM52.50/8 = 6.56/ hr
@cost to mix 1m2 =RM6.25x1x0.020 = 0.13 / m2
Total labour cost / m2 0.13
Step 3: Total Cost (m2)
Total cost = 18 (3.97 + 0.13) =73.80
Add 15% for profit and overhead =11.07
84.87

133. Calculate the cost to finish 3mm thick cement skim coat to soffit and sides of soffit as described
to not exceeding 3.00m above floor.
DATA:
Materials rate:
ITEM COST
Ordinary Portland Cement (50 kg/bag) RM16.96/bag
SIKA Skim coat (25kg/bag) RM18.20/bag
Shrinkage factor 30%
Wastage factor 10%
Labour rate:
Skilled labour (foreign) RM85.00/day
Unskilled labour (foreign) RM63.00/day
Output data:
- Plasticizer used is 6 litre/ton of cement at a cost of RM5.00/litre.
- Coverage for 3mm thick plaster is 75m2 / 1000kg
- Gang compromises 2 skilled & 1 unskilled labourers.
Gang output for mix and apply is 100m2 in 18 hours.
- Taking delivery & stacking cement at 20 nos of 50 kg bag per hour.
Material weight:
- Density of cement is 1420kg/m3
- Density of skim coat is 1.2kg/m
Tendering factor:
- Allow 15% for profit and overhead
* Cost of paint is obtained from Seng Bee Hardware & Timber Sdn Bhd, Mr. Lee
* Daily rate for plasterer is obtain from CIDB
* SIKA Skim coat price is obtain from http://www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my/sika-brefill-mortar-
white-high-performance-base-finish-skimcoats-25kg?search=skim coat

134. Calculation:
Step 1: Material cost
Ordinary Portland Cement including unloading:
1m3 at 1420kg/m3 at RM16.96/50kg =1420/50xRM16.96 =481.66
Skim coat at 3m3 at 1600kg/m3 at RM18.20/25kg =18.20 x 3 = 54.60
Gross Total 536.26
Divide by parts of mix (1:3) =536.26/4 =134.07
Plasticizer 6L/1000kg cement @RM5/litre =6/1000x(1420/4)xRM5.00 = 10.65
144.72
Add shrinkage, waste (30%+10%) = 144.72 x (30% + 10%) = 202.61
Cost per m2 = 202.61 x 0.003 = 0.61/m2
Step 2 : Labour cost
Labour gang
2 skilled @ RM85/person/day =RM85/8x2 =21.25/hr
1 unskilled @ RM63/person/day =RM63/8x1 = 7.88/ hr
Labour gang hourly rate 29.13/hr
Coverage of plaster is 75m2/1000kg
Assumed 1000kg refers to cement only =1000/75 =13.33kg
Time required by labour
Delivery & staking of 13.33kg cement =[13.33/(20x50)]x1 =0.013hr
Mix & apply 1m2 =18hrs/100m2 =0.180hr
Total time required 0.193hr
Total labour cost per m2 =0.193x29.13 =5.62/m2
Step 3: Total cost
Total cost = 0.61 + 5.62 = 6.23
Add 15% for profit and overhead = 0.93
RM 7.16 PAINTING
Preparing; applying one coat of solvent based alkaline resisting primer; 2 undercoat and 1 final
emulsion paint; “ICI” or approved equivalent to plastered surface ; wall and column
DATA:

135. Paint Data:
Material Cost Surface Litre/ 100m2
Primer (Solvent based
alkaline resisiting) 120.00/5 litre Plastered 8.3
Undercoat
120.00/5 litre Plastered 7.2
Final coat( emulsion
paint) 38.00/1 litre Plastered 8.3
*Allow 5% wastage for all works.
Painter Data:
- Daily rate for skilled labour (foreign) RM88/day (8 hrs)
Time required:
Materials Surface Hr/100m2
Primer (Solvent based alkaline
resisting) Plastered 6.6
Undercoat
Plastered 5.8
Final Coat ( emulsion
paint) Plastered 4.5
Tendering/ tool cost:
- Allow 10% of material cost
Tendering factor:
- Allow 15% for profit and overhead.
* Cost of paint is obtained from Seng Bee Hardware & Timber Sdn Bhd, Mr. Lee
* Daily rate for painter is obtain from CIDB

136. Calculation:
Step 1: Material cost
1 coat primer = 120/5x8.3x1 =199.20
2 undercoat = 120/5x7.2x2 = 345.60
1 final coat =38/1x8.3x1 = 315.40
860.20
Add 5% wastage = 860.2x 0.05 = 43.01
903.21
Step 2: Labour cost
Hourly rate
Painter at RM88/8 =11.00
Time required to paint 100m2
1 coat primer =6.6 =6.6
2 undercoat =5.8x2 =11.6
1 final coat =4.5 = 4.5
Total time required to paint 100m2 = 22.70
Total labour cost =11.00 x 22.70 =249.70
Step 3: Total cost per 100m2 including profit and overhead
Material cost + labour cost =903.21 +249.70 = 1152.91
Allow 10% for tool cost =1152.91 x 0.1 = 115.29
Allow 15% for profit & overhead =115.29x0.15 = 17.29
1285.49
Step 4: Unit cost
1285.49/100 =12.85/m2
Step 5: Total Cost
Qty req x unit rate = 91 x 12.85 = RM 1169.35
Preparing; applying one coat of solvent based alkaline resisting primer; 2 undercoat and 1 final
emulsion paint; “ICI” or approved equivalent ; to soffit and sides of soffit not exceeding 3.00m
above ground.
DATA:
Paint data:
Material Cost Surface Litre/ 100m2
Primer (Solvent based
alkaline resisiting) 120.00/5 litre Plastered 8.3
Undercoat

137. 120.00/5 litre Plastered 7.2
Final coat( emulsion
paint) 38.00/1 litre Plastered 8.3
*Allow 5% wastage for all works.
Painter Data:
- Daily rate for skilled labour (foreign) RM88/day (8 hrs)
Time required:
Materials Surface Hr/100m2
Primer (Solvent based alkaline
resisting) Plastered 6.6
Undercoat
Plastered 5.8
Final Coat ( emulsion
paint) Plastered 4.5
Tendering/ tool cost:
- Allow 10% of material cost
Tendering factor:
- Allow 5% for profit and overhead.
* Cost of paint is obtained from Seng Bee Hardware & Timber Sdn Bhd, Mr. Lee
* Daily rate for painter is obtain from CIDB

138. Calculation:
Step 1: Material cost
1 coat primer = 120/5x8.3x1 =199.20
2 undercoat = 120/5x7.2x2 = 345.60
1 final coat =38/1x8.3x1 = 315.40
860.20
Add 5% wastage = 860.2x 0.05 = 43.01
903.21
Step 2: Labour cost
Hourly rate
Painter at RM88/8 =11.00
Time required to paint 100m2
1 coat primer =6.6 =6.6
2 undercoat =5.8x2 =11.6
1 final coat =4.5 = 4.5
Total time required to paint 100m2 = 22.70
Total labour cost =11.00 x 22.70 =249.70
Step 3: Total cost per 100m2 including profit and overhead
Material cost + labour cost =903.21 +249.70 = 1152.91
Allow 10% for tool cost =1152.91 x 0.1 = 115.29
Allow 15% for profit & overhead =115.29x0.15 = 17.29
1285.49
Step 4: Unit cost
1285.49/100 =12.85/m2
Step 5: Total Cost
Qty req x unit rate = 36 x 12.85 = RM 462.60