The document provides a comparative analysis of the master plans and development histories of Los Angeles and Mumbai. It summarizes that both cities' master plans have a vision of sustainable and inclusive development, and address issues like land use, transportation, infrastructure. However, Mumbai's plan has unclear development proposals for slums, while LA's plan focuses on conservation and has more comprehensive zoning and implementation programs. The document also compares the cities' histories of human settlement and drivers of economic growth centered around industries like films.

1. LOS ANGELES MUMBAI
COMPARITIVESTUDY
CORALIEFOUCHER|GEEVACHANDANA|MARIE-MAYPAUGET

2. BACKGROUND COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS HISTORY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
OVERVIEW
DRIVING FORCE FOR DEVELOPMENT
ISSUES FACED BY THE CITYSWOT ANALYSIS
MASTER PLAN & DEVELOPMENT
GOVERNMENT POLICIES & STAKEHOLDERS
ISSUES NOT ADDRESSED IN MASTER PLAN INFERENCE & CONCLUSION
2
L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I

3. BACKGROUND
3
L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I

4. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
LOCATION
4
SIZE: 1290.6 km²
SIZE: 603.4 km²

5. L O S A N G E L E S
AMERICAN CONTINENT
CALIFORNIA
LOCATION
LOS ANGELES

6. L O S A N G E L E S
6
• The city of Los Angeles is located in the Western United States, in the
south of California.
• It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean, and well-known for its
Mediterranean climate.
• Los Angeles is famous for its creativity and innovation in the film industry,
with Hollywood.
LOS ANGELES - CITY

7. MUMBAI
LOCATION M U M B A I
INDIA
MAHARASHTRA

8. M U M B A I
LOCATION
7 ISLANDS OF MUMBAI
8
• Mumbai is located in India and it is the capital city of the
Indian state of Maharashtra. It is bordered by the Arabian
sea and enjoys a tropical wet and dry climate.
• Mumbai is composed of seven islands.

9. COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS
9
L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I

10. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
C R E A T I V I T E O P P O R T U N I T I E S

11. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
F I L M I N D U S T Y

12. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
A R C H I T E C T U R E

13. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
H I S T O R I C B U I L D I N G S

14. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
S K Y L I N E

15. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
S T R E E T S

16. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
B E A C H E S

17. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
D E M O G R A P H I C S
POPULATION DENSITY
POPULATION
ANNUAL POPULATION GROWTH
FEMALE POPULATION
MALE POPULATION
MEDIAN AGE OF POPULATION
LOS ANGELES MUMBAI
Source: https://versus.com/en/los-angeles-vs-mumbai

18. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
Q U A L I T Y O F L I V I N G
AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
AVERAGE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE
AVERAGE SALARY
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
CHEAPER COST OF 1 BEDROOM APARTMENT IN
THE CITY CENTER
LOS ANGELES MUMBAI
Source: https://versus.com/en/los-angeles-vs-mumbai

19. Q U A L I T Y O F L I V I N G
NUMBER OF AIRPORTS
COST OF MONTHLY PUBLIC TRANSPORT
NUMBER OF UNIVERSITIES
GLOBAL CITY INDEX
NUMBER OF CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
NUMBER OF BILLIONAIRES
LOS ANGELES MUMBAI
Source: https://versus.com/en/los-angeles-vs-mumbai
MUMBAI IS THE HEADQUARTERS OF NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE OF INDIA
[The Global Cities Index is unique in that it measures global engagement of cities
across five dimensions: business activity, human capital, information exchange,
cultural experience and political engagement. Source: ATKearney, 2018.]
[ Navi Mumbai International Airport is under construction ]

20. HISTORY OF SETTLEMENT
20
L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I

21. M U M B A I
HISTORYOFSETTLEMENT
21
Mumbai has a rich two-millennia history as a spiritual and artistic center. Its participation in the globalizing
economy, however, only gathered pace in the last two centuries.

22. M U M B A I
HISTORYOFSETTLEMENT
22
EARLY COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
• Multilateral trade agreements developed by the British colonial authorities offered
the confidence for new financial and corporate firms to locate and invest, and the
city’s Stock Exchange was established in 1875.
INDEPENDENCE, GROWTH AND DIVERSIFICATION
• The profits of the textile sector had already begun to be re-invested into a more
diversified economic base – including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, consumer
goods, engineering and car production.
• Development spread northwards along rail and road corridors, after the city’s 1948
plan recognized the need for managed development beyond the island.
• The 1964 Development Plan for Greater Bombay, and the 1973 Regional Plan, both
proposed the idea of a ‘mother city’ with satellite towns with the aim of encouraging
growth not just along the North-South axis but across the whole region through
decentralization.
1970S AND A NEW ECONOMIC MODEL
• From the 1970s onwards, Bombay’s textile industry went into decline and the city
entered a decisive period of de-industrialization.
• The loss of manufacturing employment left a big gap to fill for new service industries
and sectors being transformed by information technology. Formal, organized sectors,
in banking, finance, oil, ICT, transport, healthcare, communications and social services,
grew quickly.
1875
1912

23. BOLLYWOOD
23
M U M B A I
• Mumbai’s film industry — Bollywood — has been at the heart of the city’s
re-entry into globalization since the 1980s.
• In 1977, the Indian government began to welcome emigrants of Indian
descent back to the country, which began to pay dividends for the film
sector once India’s economy was re-introduced into the global market in
the late 1980s.
• Large corporations began to enter the Bombay cinema market from 1998
and professionalize the production process.
• As movie production has grown, there has been a boom in demand for
software engineering and animation outsourcing.
• Bollywood is now a $4 billion industry, with North America now
responsible for a quarter of the industry’s overseas box office revenues.
• The cluster may be small compared to Hollywood’s $50 billion-plus size,
but it employs nearly 200,000 people and has enormous potential to enter
new markets.

24. M U M B A I
24
MUMBAI MOVING FORWARD
• Mumbai is now a much more
diversified metropolitan economy with
genuine competitive advantages.
• Its competitive sectors include not just
banking and insurance, but also
consumer goods and services,
electronics, healthcare, tourism, media
and entertainment, ICT, professional
services, transportation and logistics.
• The urbanized area of the region is
expected to more than double from
30 percent to 60 percent by 2050.
DRIVERSFORGROWTH
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TOURISM

25. M U M B A I
TRANSPORTNETWORK
25

26. M U M B A I
TRANSPORTNETWORK
26

27. HISTORYOFSETTLEMENT
27
L O S A N G E L E S

28. HISTORYOFSETTLEMENT
28
L O S A N G E L E S
• Los Angeles city and county began with a Colonial Mexican town that was
founded by 11 Mexican families that established a settlement in Southern
California that changed little in the three decades after 1848, when California
became part of the United States.
• Los Angeles had a strong economic base in farming, oil, tourism, real estate and
movies. It grew rapidly with many suburban areas inside and outside the city
limits.
• Hollywood made the city world-famous, and World War II brought new industry,
especially high-tech aircraft construction. Politically the city was moderately
conservative, with a weak labor union sector.
INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION AND GROWTH, 1870—1913
• In the 1870s, Los Angeles was still little more than a village of 5,000. By 1900,
there were over 100,000 occupants of the city.
HOLLYWOOD
• Hollywood has been synonymous worldwide with the film industry for over a
hundred years. It was incorporated as the City of Hollywood in 1903 but merged
into LA in 1910.
• In the 1900s movie makers from New York found the sunny, temperate weather
more suitable for year-round location shooting.
• It boomed into the cinematic heart of the United States, and has been the home
and workplace of actors, directors and singers that range from small and
independent to world-famous, leading to the development of related television
and music industries.

29. HISTORYOFSETTLEMENT
29
L O S A N G E L E S
19091877

30. 30
LOS ANGELES
• Los Angeles is one of the most
substantial economic engines within the
United States, with a diverse economy in
a broad range of professional and
cultural fields.
• Los Angeles is also famous as the home
of Hollywood, a major center of the
world entertainment industry.
• The Los Angeles combined statistical
area also has a gross metropolitan
product of $831 billion (as of 2008),
making it the third-largest in the world.
• The economy of Los Angeles is driven by
international trade, entertainment
(television, motion pictures, video games,
music recording, and production),
aerospace, technology, petroleum,
fashion, apparel, and tourism.
DRIVERSFORGROWTH
EMPLOYMENT INDUSTRY IN LOS ANGELES
L O S A N G E L E S

31. 31
L O S A N G E L E S
TRANSPORTNETWORK

32. 32
L O S A N G E L E S
TRANSPORTNETWORK

33. ISSUES FACED
33
L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I

34. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
H I G H T R A F F I C

35. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
P O L L U T I O N

36. E N C R O A C H M E N T S
L O S A N G E L E S

37. M U M B A I
S L U M S

38. SWOT ANALYSIS
38
L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I

39. 39
L O S A N G E L E S
S W
O T
• Creative opportunities
• Professionals – field experts
• Large stable source of employment
• New developments and establishments
• Improving infrastructure
• Potential to improve infrastructure
• Development in Film industry
• Tourists
• Upcoming planning projects
• Lack of organization within the city planning
• Increasing urbanization
• Increasing migration – lesser jobs
• Inadequate public transportation
• Increasing homeless people - encroachments
• Increasing pollution
• Increasing urbanization & population
• Extreme traffic congestion

40. 40
S W
O T
M U M B A I
• Creative opportunities
• Professionals – field experts
• New planned infrastructures
• IT Parks – new developments
• Cosmopolitan nature of inhabitants
• Development of Navi Mumbai
• Improved infrastructure & policies attract
new business and skilled people
• Good scope for service oriented industries
• Potential to redevelop Dharavi slums
• Upcoming infrastructure projects for traffic
mitigation
• Lack of cultural binding – leading to identity crisis
• Increasing urbanization
• Lack of skilled labourers
• Lack of job opportunities for unskilled labourers
• Major slum settlement – Dharavi Slum
• Increasing pollution
• Increasing urbanization & population
• Extreme traffic congestion
• Corruption in planning / regulating bodies

41. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
P L A N N I N G A U T H O R I T I E S | S T A K E H O L D E R S
• Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority
(MMRDA) has been the most influential governmental
agency in planning for the metropolitan area’s future.
• Preparation of Regional Development Plans
• Providing financial assistance for significant regional projects
• Providing help to local authorities and their infrastructure
projects
• Coordinating execution of projects and/or schemes in MMR
• Restricting any activity that could adversely affect appropriate
development of MMR, etc.
• BMC – Bombay Metropolitan Corporation
• NGO’s
• Private firms, Offices and other Institutions
• General Public
• Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning
• Governor's Office of Planning and Research : good
balance between government activities and citizen participation
• Planning department
• Institutional protection
• Write legal support to urban planning process
• Create urban planning process
• Planning outcome, plans, zoning ordinance, maps...
• Acquires the land for public use
• Conducts studies relating to environmental quality
• Focus Group, general public if it's necessary
• NGO's

42. MASTERPLAN
42
L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I

43. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
V I S I O N
Mumbai master plan: 2034 - “Economic and social planning”
Vision of development plan:
• Competitiveness
• Inclusivity
• Environmentally sustainable city
• Transit Oriented Development Zones
• Understand existing FSI
Example: Planning Standards
Open Space: 2Sq.m / person
Hospital: 0.351 Sq.m / person
Social Amenities: 0.44 Sq.m / person
Los Angeles master plan : 2035 - “include the concept of
sustainability in General Plan”
Vision of development plan :
• Development : Employ smart growth
• Security : Ensure community services and infrastructure
are sufficient to accommodate growth
• Diversification : Provide the foundation for a strong and
diverse economy
• Sustainability : Promote excellence in environmental
resource management
• Healthy : Provide healthy, livable and equitable
communities
Example :
• Coordinate an equitable sharing of public and private
costs
• Promote programs that support a stable and well
educated workforce
• Provide reasonable access to food systems

44. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
I S S U E S A D D R E S S E D
Mumbai master plan: 2034 -“Economic and social planning”
Development plan includes –
• Proposals of land use and zoning.
• Proposals for designation for public purposes.
• Proposals of open spaces, playground etc.
• Transportations
• Water supply and sewerage.
• Reservation of lands.
• Service industries, industrial estates and extensive
development.
• Conservation of areas of natural scenery and landscapes
preservation of historical places, heritage buildings.
• Proposals for flood control and prevention of river pollution.
• Proposals of central or state Govt.
• Land reclamation proposals.
• Regulation
Development plan includes :
• Description of community participation, location and growth
forecast
• Planning areas framework
• Opportunity area map for each zone
• Land use element implementation programs, goals and
policies
• Mobility element implementation programs, goals and
policies
• Map of each means of transport
• Air quality element implementation program, goals and
policies
• List of natural resources element to conserve them
• Park and recreation element implementation program
• Noise element implementation program
• Emergency response on case of natural disasters
• Plan for public services and facilities element / public
services and facilities implementation program
• Report of General Plan progress
• Map of everything which have influence on Los Angeles

45. L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
I N F E R E N C E
• Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Zone concept
adopted
• New Planning Standards adopted
• Landuse zoning – RC Zone, CR Zone, Industrial zone and
Natural Zone
• Land for Public purpose is assigned
• Proposed land-use with zoning and reservations
• Reasonable and workable planning standards adopted
• Development of Dharavi is unclear
• Development of sanitation & amenities in slums is not
defined.
• Proposals for new infrastructural developments
• General Plan for the city adopted ( provided by the LA
City Charter)
• Organization divided in 2 : Lower density in suburbs with
residential area and dense centers
• Comprehensive planning adopted (zoning, land
subdivision and housing regulations)
• Economic development in centers
• Proposals of new infrastructures
• Pollution is still a problem with only few solutions
• Willingness to conserve natural resources and amenities
• Proposals of public transportation improvements
• Contradictory idea by encouraging people to use
personal cars (proposal of Automobile-oriented
commercial facilities)
• No proposals for encroachments

46. 46
L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
R E F E R E N C E
https://www.thrillist.com/lifestyle/los-angeles/common-problems-living-in-los-angeles-la-therapists#
http://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/los-angeles-population/
http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/mumbai-population/
https://www.populationpyramid.net/india/2017/
https://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/india-life-expectancy
https://www.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/reports/Mumbai_Ann.pdf
http://sakhiforgirlseducation.org/
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol20-issue6/Version-6/G2006016579.pdf
https://mumbai-megacities-project.weebly.com/city-characteristics.html
https://www.discoverlosangeles.com/press-releases/facts-about-los-angeles
http://plan.lamayor.org/
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/new-development-plan-for-mumbai-unveiled-city-to-get-
more-land-for-housing/articleshow/63915163.cms
https://laedc.org/wtc/chooselacounty/quality-of-life/
http://www.peataindia.org/Unlock_Seminar_ppts/GD_CHIPLUNKAR.pdf
https://versus.com/en/los-angeles-vs-mumbai
https://www.planetizen.com/files/los-angeles-centers-plan.pdf
http://planning.lacounty.gov/assets/upl/project/gp_final-general-plan.pdf

47. THANK|YOU
47
L O S A N G E L E S M U M B A I
CORALIE FOUCHER | GEEVA CHANDANA | MARIE-MAY PAUGET