Rainforest animals and their adaptations
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Animals in tropical rainforests have developed various adaptations for survival. Some animals are able to climb trees to forage for food, while others can swim or are nocturnal to avoid heat and competition. Many rainforest animals have camouflaging colors and patterns to hide from predators or warning colors to deter predators while still blending in. Some birds have evolved strong or long beaks suited to their environments.
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Tropical rainforests provide an ideal habitat for animal survival, with consistent warm temperatures, abundant food and water sources, and shelter from heat and rain. Animals have adapted in various ways to thrive in the dense forest environment, such as through camouflage colors and patterns that help them hide from predators or attract prey, body shapes suited for movement through trees or conserving heat, and nocturnal behaviors to avoid heat and competition. Examples highlighted include monkeys and sloths that can climb trees, aquatic animals like caimans and turtles that can swim and cope with rainfall, and bats that are nocturnal hunters.
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Salamander species have evolved a wide variety of defenses against predators. Larval salamanders possess chemical defenses like mucus membranes that deter consumption. They also rely on behaviors to avoid detection by predators. As adults, salamanders have physical defenses such as toxic skin secretions, protruding ribs, and the ability to detach their tails. Some species perform complex behaviors to evade predators, such as rolling down slopes to appear like debris. This diversity of antipredator mechanisms in salamanders has developed in response to selective pressures from predators throughout evolutionary time.
Fauna and vegetation of a tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests are home to over half of the world's species and play an important role in regulating global weather and storing carbon. They are under threat, having been reduced to less than 5% of the original coverage. The document then describes some examples of the rich biodiversity found in tropical rainforests, including animals like the golden lion tamarin, jaguar, capybara and poison dart frogs. It also discusses plant life, highlighting carnivorous pitcher plants, orchids, bromeliads and other vegetation that provide shelter and food for rainforest wildlife.
Fauna and vegetation of a tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests are home to over half of the world's species and play an important role in regulating global weather and storing carbon. They are under threat from deforestation and habitat loss. The document describes several species found in tropical rainforests, including the golden lion tamarin monkey, jaguar big cat, capybara rodent, poison dart frogs, and monarch butterfly. It also discusses tropical rainforest plants such as the Asai palm fruit, hardwood Tabebuia tree, carnivorous pitcher plants, orchid flowers, and water-holding bromeliad plants.
KY: Attracting Butterflies with Native Plants
Butterflies are beautiful insects that people enjoy attracting to their gardens. To successfully attract butterflies, gardeners must understand butterfly biology and ecology. Specifically, they must plant native species that caterpillars use as food sources so the butterflies will come to lay eggs. Common caterpillar food plants include members of the carrot family for black swallowtails and milkweeds for monarchs. By providing larval host plants that match the local butterfly species, gardeners can support the butterfly life cycle and attract more of these colorful insects to enjoy.
The Study of Nature
This document discusses Charles Darwin and his observations of nature, particularly his voyage on the HMS Beagle from 1831-1836. It notes that as a boy, Darwin was fascinated by organisms in his environment. After college, he pursued his interest in nature by joining the Beagle expedition, where he made extensive collections of plants, animals, fossils and documented his findings. One of his most important observations was of finch birds on the Galapagos Islands, which had similar appearances but different beak sizes adapted to the foods available on each island. The document discusses Darwin's later work on adaptations that allowed organisms to survive in their environments.
Fauna and vegetation of a tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests are home to over half of the world's species and play an important role in regulating global weather and storing carbon. They are under threat, having been reduced to less than 5% of the original coverage. The document then describes some examples of the rich biodiversity found in tropical rainforests, including animals like the golden lion tamarin, jaguar, capybara and poison dart frogs. It also discusses plant life, highlighting carnivorous pitcher plants, orchids, bromeliads and other vegetation that provide shelter and food for rainforest wildlife.
Adaptations
This document discusses adaptations that allow organisms to survive in their environments. It defines adaptations as characteristics that improve an organism's chance of survival. Adaptations can be structural, like body size or shape; behavioral, such as being nocturnal; or physiological, like hibernation. Examples are given of structural adaptations like sharp teeth in carnivores or thick fur in arctic foxes that protect against cold. Behavioral adaptations include animals moving in groups for protection. Physiological adaptations include ways organisms regulate internal functions. Specific habitat adaptations are described for kangaroos, orcas, tigers, orangutans, cacti, and aquatic plants.
OR: Create a Butterfly Garden
This document provides information on creating a butterfly garden, including the life cycle of butterflies and how to design the garden to meet their needs. It describes the four life stages butterflies go through - egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The garden should include nectar plants for adults to feed on, host plants for larvae to eat, shelter from wind, and sunny open areas. A list of common Pacific Northwest butterfly species and their host and nectar plants is also included.
Animals
This document summarizes the life cycles of amphibians, insects, and birds. It also discusses animal adaptations, migration, habitats, and the impact of human activities. Animals adapt through physical features that help obtain food, safety, shelter, and attract mates. Adaptations develop over generations through evolution. Examples given are camels' eyelashes for sand and giraffes' long necks. Animals migrate for warm weather, food, or mating like birds flying south for winter or antelope following rain. Habitats are where species live, such as polar bears in the Arctic. The document also covers domesticated versus wild animals and ways to protect habitats and species.
Animals
This document summarizes the life cycles of amphibians, insects, and birds. It also discusses animal adaptations, migration, habitats, and the impact of human activities. Animals adapt through physical features that help obtain food, safety, shelter, and attract mates. Examples given are camels' eyelashes and giraffes' long necks. Animals migrate for warm weather, food, or mating like birds flying south for winter or antelope following rain. Habitats include polar bears in the Arctic and manatees in estuaries. The document also covers domesticated versus wild animals and how recreation and habitat loss affect wildlife.
Amphibians
Amphibians are vertebrates that spend part of their life in water and part on land. They evolved from lobe-finned fish around 350 million years ago. Amphibians have adaptations for both aquatic and terrestrial environments like the ability to hibernate, estivate, and lay eggs in water that hatch into larvae. Common types of amphibians include frogs with short bodies and long back legs for jumping, toads with thick warty skin that live on land, and salamanders with slender bodies that hide under debris.
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Top 10 interesting facts about dragonflies - Depthworld
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Marine invertebrates
Marine invertebrates include sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, and other phyla. Sponges are simple multicellular organisms that filter feed using choanocytes. Cnidarians like jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones have radial symmetry and use nematocytes to capture prey. Flatworms are acoelomates with a gastrovascular cavity, and include free-living and parasitic forms.
Archosaurs
Archosaurs were the dominant land vertebrates during the Mesozoic era. They tended towards bipedalism with reduced forelimbs and hindlimbs that bore most of the weight. Their skulls were diapsid with an additional opening called the antorbital fenestra. Thecodonts gave rise to later archosaurs including pterosaurs, the first vertebrates to evolve powered flight, and dinosaurs, one of the most successful animal groups in terms of longevity. Dinosaurs included the lizard-hipped saurischians and bird-hipped ornithischians.
Ich and ple
Ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs were marine reptiles that lived during the Mesozoic era, between 250-90 million years ago. Ichthyosaurs had streamlined bodies and crescent-shaped fins adapted for speed, while plesiosaurs had long necks and flippers but lacked a hydrodynamic shape, indicating slower movement. Both groups breathed air and gave birth to live young rather than laying eggs. While ichthyosaurs resembled fish, plesiosaurs retained lizard-like traits in their small heads and broad bodies.
Diapsids
Diapsids are a subclass of reptiles that first appeared during the Permian period. They are distinguished by having two openings on each side of the skull. Modern diapsids include reptiles like lizards, snakes, crocodilians, birds, and their extinct relatives. Diapsids ruled land, air, and sea during the Mesozoic era and are characterized by having two temporal fenestrae in each side of the skull which allowed for stronger jaw muscles.
Crocodilians
The document summarizes key information about archosaurs and crocodilians. Archosaurs first evolved from archosauriform ancestors and today are represented by birds and crocodiles. Crocodilians have changed very little since the middle triassic period and include alligators, crocodiles, caimans, and one species of gavial. They have powerful jaws, protective scales, and other features that have allowed them to survive major events like continental drift and ice ages.
Aves neornithes
This document divides birds into two superorders - Odontognathae and Neognathae. It then lists several orders of birds, including doves, pelicans, ducks, hawks, grouse, parrots and perching birds. It defines the subgroup Carinatae as having a keeled sternum, or breastbone, which provides an important point of attachment for flight muscles.
Anurans
This document discusses the key characteristics of anurans (frogs):
- They lack tails as adults and have legs suited for jumping. Their highly permeable skin allows for respiration.
- Frogs are classified into 3 suborders and have diverse morphologies but generally have short vertebral columns and lack tails.
- Their skin, feet, digestive and reproductive systems show adaptations for respiration, locomotion and breeding in various environments.
Archosaurs
Archosaurs were the dominant land vertebrates during the Mesozoic era. They tended towards bipedalism with reduced forelimbs and hindlimbs that bore most of the weight. Their skulls were diapsid with an additional opening called the antorbital fenestra. Thecodonts gave rise to later archosaurs including pterosaurs, the first vertebrates to evolve powered flight, and dinosaurs, one of the most successful animal groups in terms of longevity. Dinosaurs included the saurischians with reptilian pelvises and predatory carnivores, and the ornithischians with avian pelvises, herbivorous diets, and one small bipedal group
Group 5 amphibia
1) Amphibians first evolved from sarcopterygian fish in the Devonian period and became dominant during the Carboniferous and Permian periods before being displaced by reptiles.
2) The earliest amphibians, known as Labyrinthodontia, were the first vertebrates to live on land and were ancestral to modern amphibians and a bridge to reptiles.
3) Labyrinthodontia included various groups that lived from the Late Devonian to the Triassic period and could grow up to 4 meters long. They had characteristics intermediate between modern fish and reptiles.
Chemical and physical features of seawater and the
Water is a polar molecule that can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas. It has unique properties including its ability to dissolve more substances than any other natural liquid. Seawater consists of dissolved salts and gases. Surface currents are driven by wind and deflected by the Coriolis effect, forming gyres. Deeper circulation is driven by water density variations from temperature and salinity changes, in a process called thermohaline circulation. Waves are caused by wind while tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun.
Comp.ana. ostracoderms,acanthodians,placoderms
The document describes several groups of ancient jawed and jawless fishes:
- Ostracoderms were the oldest known craniates, dating back to the Ordovician and lacking jaws and paired fins.
- Acanthodians were early jawed fishes with cartilaginous skeletons and bony scales or spines.
- Placoderms were the first armored fishes with true jaws, some reaching large sizes. They are divided into orders including Arthrodira with jointed armor, Antiarchi with enclosed pectoral fins, and Petalichthyida typified by splayed fins.
activity 3-lamprey
The document describes the external anatomy and functions of various parts of the lamprey. It discusses the lamprey's buccal funnel containing teeth, medial nostril, eyes without eyelids, dorsal and caudal fins, gill slits, and anus. It compares lampreys to hagfish and gnathostomes, and describes how parasitic lampreys feed by attaching to hosts with their funnel and rasping teeth. The main function of the lamprey's gill slits is to conduct water into and out of the gill pouches, allowing the buccal funnel to be used for feeding.
activity 5 - Osteichthyes
The document discusses the key anatomical features of bony fish (Osteichthyes) and cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes). It describes that Osteichthyes have bones and cycloid or ctenoid scales, while Chondrichthyes have cartilage and placoid scales. It then explains the functions of various fins, the lateral line, scales, eyes, nostrils, mouth, gills, operculum, and other parts in fish anatomy.
activity 2 - amphioxus
1) Amphioxus is a small, semitransparent marine animal that lacks distinct head and has a notochord extending to its head.
2) It has gill slits for filtering food particles from water and an endostyle for processing food in its pharynx.
3) Amphioxus spends much of its time buried in ocean sediment and uses rapid body movements and its notochord extending to its tip to burrow, and contracts its myomeres muscles to swim.
Rivers and streams
Streams are smaller bodies of water with a current, while rivers are larger. They are part of a watershed - the area where all water drains. Streams join to form rivers and eventually drain into oceans, lakes, or other bodies of water. Rivers and streams have upper, middle, and lower courses. Organisms in rivers and streams have adaptations like streamlined bodies to deal with currents. Human impacts like dams, channelization, and urbanization disrupt natural river flows and habitats.
Experiment 16
The document discusses the differences between fats and oils, the saponification reaction of fats and oils with NaOH, and the structures of stearic acid, sodium stearate, and some syndets. It also describes observations made during soap preparation and comparisons between prepared soap and commercial syndets and liquid soaps. Key findings include that prepared soap is soluble in both water and oil, forming precipitates with hard water, and tests basic with litmus paper and phenolphthalein.
Tundra1
The tundra biome covers a fifth of the Earth's surface and is characterized by an extreme cold climate, low biodiversity, simple vegetation structure, and a short growing season. Plants and animals in the tundra have adaptations to survive the harsh conditions like small stature, insulation, and camouflage. Nutrient cycling is slow due to the cold temperatures and short growing season. The Arctic and alpine tundras share similarities but also have distinctions in location, permafrost, and precipitation. Human activities like overhunting have negatively impacted tundra wildlife populations.
Sulfur cycle
The sulfur cycle has both sedimentary and gaseous components. Sulfur enters the biosphere through natural processes like rock weathering and volcanic eruptions or through human activities like burning fossil fuels. It cycles through terrestrial and marine environments and can be found in soil, oceans, plants, and animals. Various bacteria play important roles in processing and transforming sulfur as it moves between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
Rainforest ecosystem
The document discusses the abiotic components of a rainforest ecosystem. It notes that rainfall is the chief climate component, averaging 250 cm per year, and is influenced by the forest's equatorial location. Only a small amount of water reaches the forest floor as the leaves act as shields. The temperature range is between 25 to 35 degrees Celsius due to the rainforest's proximity to the equator, allowing for faster growth and decomposition.
Rainforest ecosystem
The document discusses the abiotic components of a rainforest ecosystem. It notes that rainfall is the chief climate component, averaging 250 cm per year, and is influenced by the forest's equatorial location. The humidity beneath the canopy is high due to transpiration. Temperature in the rainforest ranges from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius due to its proximity to the equator, allowing for fast growth and decomposition.
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Rainforest animals and their adaptations
- 2. Tropical rainforests are almost perfect for animal survival. It is always warm, and there are no season changes bringing times when there is little food. There is shade from the heat and shelter from the rain. There is no shortage of water.
- 3. PREDATORS Colour: Animals which display darker colours are more likely to be able to hide from predators. Glow: Glow worms use bioluminescence to attract prey to their snares in the darkness of the rainforest. Wings: Unlike birds which hunt for prey in open or coastal environments, larger birds of prey (owls, grey goshawks) who hunt amongst forest trees have wing shapes that enable them to manoeuvre between trees and also remain silent as they fly. Body shape: To cope with cool rainforest temperatures Tasmanian pademelons have developed a more rounded body shape which is better at conserving heat.
- 4. Since the rain forest has many trees, a good adaptation would be the one that allows animals to be able to climb and forage for food in trees Monkeys and sloths are a good example of this.
- 5. The second could be the adaptation to being able to swim and cope with a lot of rainfall, caimans, turtles and snakes such as anacondas are a good examples of this.
- 6. A third one could be being nocturnal to avoid the high temperatures of the day and the competition from diurnal animals such as bats. The little aye-aye, a small Madagascan primate evolved to be a nocturnal feeder in order to escape the clutches of predators in the daylight.
- 7. Another way is many of them have developed some sort of camouflaging mechanism Looper Poison Dart Frogs caterpillars have many flashy look like greens, blues and part of the yellows to help warn green plant off predators but to that they also stay hidden attach amongst the leaves, themselves water, and sun spots to. Chameleons a Tigers change colors stripes to help them help it blend in blend into the shadows
- 8. Another way of adaptation in birds is the development of strong or longer beaks. Toucans, Macaws and Herens are very good examples of this.