This document discusses the use of radiographs in diagnosing periodontal disease. It provides a brief history of using radiographs in dentistry and periodontics. Radiographs can reveal bone loss and destruction patterns but not current soft tissue changes. Standardized techniques are needed for accurate assessment over time. Early periodontitis may show fuzziness of the lamina dura or widening of the periodontal ligament space. More advanced disease appears as severe bone loss, fingerlike projections into the bone, or interdental bone craters. However, radiographs have limitations in depicting the full extent and morphology of bone defects.
1. Bitewing radiography is used to image the crowns of the teeth and the alveolar bone. The document outlines the procedure for taking bitewing radiographs, which involves preparing the patient, using bite tabs to hold the film, and positioning the film horizontally or vertically as needed.
2. The x-ray beam is aimed at a 10 degree vertical angulation and parallel to the interproximal contacts to allow an accurate representation of the teeth. The film is then exposed and developed. Cotton rolls may be used to support the film if teeth are missing. Common errors include overlap, improper placement, cone cutting, and patient movement.
RADIOGRAPHIC AIDS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASERupal Patle
The document discusses the radiographic evaluation of periodontal disease. It begins by stating that radiographs are useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation but are an adjunct to clinical examination. Radiographs reveal changes to calcified tissues from past cellular activity but not current activity. Interdental septa and the lamina dura normally appear as thin radiopaque borders and variations in technique can distort radiographic findings. Early signs of periodontal disease on radiographs include fuzziness or breaks in the lamina dura continuity. Progressive bone destruction appears as wedge-shaped radiolucencies and reduced crest height. Furcation involvement and abscesses may also be visualized but radiographs have limitations. Clinical probing with radiopa
This document discusses biological width, which refers to the dimensions of soft tissue attached to the tooth coronal to the alveolar bone crest. It defines biological width as the connective tissue attachment (1.07mm on average) plus the epithelial attachment (0.97mm on average), totaling 2.04mm. It discusses factors that can lead to biological width violation like subgingival restoration margins and its signs. Methods to evaluate and correct biological width violations like bone sounding, surgical crown lengthening, and forced tooth eruption are also described. The importance of respecting biological width is emphasized in restorative and implant dentistry.
Radiography is essential for endodontic diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of treatment outcomes. It helps determine pulpal and periapical pathology, root and canal morphology, working lengths, location of missed canals, and quality of obturation. Key radiographic views include diagnostic, working length, post-treatment, and recall films. Diagnostic films aim to visualize 3-4mm beyond the apex to identify lesions. Angulation and tube shift techniques help differentiate superimposed structures. Features like lamina dura continuity, lesion borders, density and effects on adjacent structures aid diagnosis. Newer technologies include digital radiography and cone beam CT for improved visualization of complex anatomy.
The document discusses the relationship between pulpal and periodontal diseases. It states that diseases of the pulp or periodontium can lead to secondary diseases in the other via the apical foramen, lateral canals, or dentinal tubules. Both endodontic and periodontal examinations are important to diagnose the origin of lesions. Treatment should focus first on the primary disease, but both may need treatment if the secondary disease is established.
Panoramic radiography produces a single tomographic image of the facial structures including the maxillary and mandibular arches. It uses the principle of reciprocal movement of an X-ray source and image receptor around a central point or plane called the image layer. Multiple centers of rotation are used to maintain the dental arches within the focal trough. Panoramic radiography provides a broad anatomical view with less radiation than full-mouth intraoral films but has less resolution and potential for superimposition artifacts. It is useful for trauma evaluation, orthodontic treatment planning, and detection of lesions or developmental anomalies too large for intraoral films.
The document discusses the SLOB (Same Lingual, Opposite Buccal) technique, which is used in dental radiography. The SLOB technique involves shifting the X-ray tube head to separate superimposed structures on a radiograph. When the tube is shifted mesially, the lingual root will shift in the same direction and the buccal root will shift in the opposite direction. The SLOB technique has advantages like separating superimposed canals and structures, aiding in working length determination and identifying undiscovered canals. However, it can also cause decreased clarity and increased superimposition of structures at more oblique angles.
phonetics play an important role in planning and preparing complete denture for the complete edentulous patients.design of the prosthetic denture affects speech in a number of ways.
1. Bitewing radiography is used to image the crowns of the teeth and the alveolar bone. The document outlines the procedure for taking bitewing radiographs, which involves preparing the patient, using bite tabs to hold the film, and positioning the film horizontally or vertically as needed.
2. The x-ray beam is aimed at a 10 degree vertical angulation and parallel to the interproximal contacts to allow an accurate representation of the teeth. The film is then exposed and developed. Cotton rolls may be used to support the film if teeth are missing. Common errors include overlap, improper placement, cone cutting, and patient movement.
RADIOGRAPHIC AIDS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASERupal Patle
The document discusses the radiographic evaluation of periodontal disease. It begins by stating that radiographs are useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation but are an adjunct to clinical examination. Radiographs reveal changes to calcified tissues from past cellular activity but not current activity. Interdental septa and the lamina dura normally appear as thin radiopaque borders and variations in technique can distort radiographic findings. Early signs of periodontal disease on radiographs include fuzziness or breaks in the lamina dura continuity. Progressive bone destruction appears as wedge-shaped radiolucencies and reduced crest height. Furcation involvement and abscesses may also be visualized but radiographs have limitations. Clinical probing with radiopa
This document discusses biological width, which refers to the dimensions of soft tissue attached to the tooth coronal to the alveolar bone crest. It defines biological width as the connective tissue attachment (1.07mm on average) plus the epithelial attachment (0.97mm on average), totaling 2.04mm. It discusses factors that can lead to biological width violation like subgingival restoration margins and its signs. Methods to evaluate and correct biological width violations like bone sounding, surgical crown lengthening, and forced tooth eruption are also described. The importance of respecting biological width is emphasized in restorative and implant dentistry.
Radiography is essential for endodontic diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of treatment outcomes. It helps determine pulpal and periapical pathology, root and canal morphology, working lengths, location of missed canals, and quality of obturation. Key radiographic views include diagnostic, working length, post-treatment, and recall films. Diagnostic films aim to visualize 3-4mm beyond the apex to identify lesions. Angulation and tube shift techniques help differentiate superimposed structures. Features like lamina dura continuity, lesion borders, density and effects on adjacent structures aid diagnosis. Newer technologies include digital radiography and cone beam CT for improved visualization of complex anatomy.
The document discusses the relationship between pulpal and periodontal diseases. It states that diseases of the pulp or periodontium can lead to secondary diseases in the other via the apical foramen, lateral canals, or dentinal tubules. Both endodontic and periodontal examinations are important to diagnose the origin of lesions. Treatment should focus first on the primary disease, but both may need treatment if the secondary disease is established.
Panoramic radiography produces a single tomographic image of the facial structures including the maxillary and mandibular arches. It uses the principle of reciprocal movement of an X-ray source and image receptor around a central point or plane called the image layer. Multiple centers of rotation are used to maintain the dental arches within the focal trough. Panoramic radiography provides a broad anatomical view with less radiation than full-mouth intraoral films but has less resolution and potential for superimposition artifacts. It is useful for trauma evaluation, orthodontic treatment planning, and detection of lesions or developmental anomalies too large for intraoral films.
The document discusses the SLOB (Same Lingual, Opposite Buccal) technique, which is used in dental radiography. The SLOB technique involves shifting the X-ray tube head to separate superimposed structures on a radiograph. When the tube is shifted mesially, the lingual root will shift in the same direction and the buccal root will shift in the opposite direction. The SLOB technique has advantages like separating superimposed canals and structures, aiding in working length determination and identifying undiscovered canals. However, it can also cause decreased clarity and increased superimposition of structures at more oblique angles.
phonetics play an important role in planning and preparing complete denture for the complete edentulous patients.design of the prosthetic denture affects speech in a number of ways.
The document discusses dental luxation injuries, which involve disruption of the tooth and surrounding tissues from trauma. It describes different types of luxation including intrusive, extrusive, lateral, and concussive luxations. For each type, it outlines the typical clinical findings, recommended treatment approaches, and prognosis. Intrusive luxations have the tooth driven into the socket, while extrusive luxations see the tooth elongated out of the socket. Lateral luxations displace the tooth labially, lingually, mesially or distally. Treatment involves repositioning the tooth and splinting, with endodontics sometimes needed. Prognosis depends on healing of the periodontium and pulpal response.
The document discusses the classification of periodontal diseases. It provides an overview of how periodontal diseases were previously classified, noting that the classification system was heavily based on age. It then summarizes the updated 1999 classification system, which introduced categories for gingival diseases and refined the categories for periodontal diseases. The key changes were introducing gingival disease categories, replacing terms like "adult periodontitis" with "chronic periodontitis", and expanding definitions of systemic diseases and their implications for periodontal health.
This document discusses the classification and components of fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It describes the different types of FPDs including simple rigid bridges, semi-fixed bridges, and cantilever bridges. The components of an FPD include abutment teeth, retainers, pontics, and connectors. It also lists 19 factors that influence the selection of FPD components and design, such as crown length, root form, occlusion, periodontal health, and esthetics.
Removable orthodontic appliances can be inserted and removed by the patient. They were first developed in the 1830s using plaster models. Key advantages are that they allow for oral hygiene and are less expensive than fixed appliances. However, they have less control over tooth movement and require patient cooperation. Removable appliances use components like clasps for retention and bows or springs for applying forces. Common clasps include Adams, Jackson's, and circumferential clasps which engage tooth undercuts. Guidelines for appliance activation include allowing space for tooth movement and preventing anchorage loss.
The document discusses the try-in process for complete denture patients. It defines try-in and trial dentures as preliminary fittings used to evaluate aesthetics, fit, and jaw relationships. The try-in involves extraoral and intraoral examinations to check the denture bases, teeth arrangement, occlusion, retention, stability, and other factors. Adjustments are made to optimize aesthetics, function, and patient comfort before the final dentures are fabricated.
Teeth don’t possess regenerative ability found in most other tissues. Therefore, once enamel & dentin are lost as a result of caries, trauma or wear, restorative material must be used, to reestablish form & function.
Teeth require preparation to receive restoration & these preparations must be based on fundamental principles, which are discussed in this presentation, from which basic criteria can be developed to help predict the success of prosthodontic treatment.
Working length is the distance from a coronal reference point to the point where canal preparation and obturation should terminate. It is important to determine working length precisely using radiographs or electronic apex locators. The radiographic method involves measuring the total length of the tooth on preoperative radiographs, subtracting 1mm as a safety factor, and confirming length under radiograph after instrumentation. Electronic apex locators use electric current to detect the apical foramen. Tactile methods are unreliable due to risk of over-instrumentation or under-instrumentation.
Introduction oral medicine-primary and secondary lesionsManali Rajvansh
Oral medicine deals with diagnosis, treatment and prevention of oral mucosal diseases, local oral diseases, and oral manifestations of systemic diseases. It also involves dental management of medically compromised patients. Oral radiology uses x-rays to produce images of oral tissues. Oral diagnosis identifies oral diseases based on their symptoms and signs. These specialties classify oral lesions based on factors like etiology, pathological process, clinical appearance, and origin to facilitate diagnosis and treatment.
Splinting is one of the oldest forms of aids to periodontal therapy. By redistribution of forces on the affected teeth the splint minimizes the effects caused by loss of support. Splinting teeth to each other allows weakened teeth to be supported by neighbouring teeth. This presentation reviews the rationale, techniques, advantages and ill effects of stabilization of teeth by splinting as an aid to periodontal therapy. With the acceptance and clinical predictability of adhesive procedures, the use of conservative bonding techniques to splint teeth offers a useful alternative to more invasive restorative procedures. Loss of tooth-supporting structures results in tooth mobility. Increased tooth mobility adversely affects function, aesthetics, and the patient’s comfort. Splints are used to overcome all these problems. When faced with the dilemma of how to manage periodontally compromised teeth, splinting of mobile teeth to stronger adjacent teeth is a viable option. This prolongs the life expectancy of loose teeth, gives stability for the periodontium to reattach, and improves comfort, function and aesthetics.
Centric relation is the most posterior position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla, from which lateral movements can be made. It is a reproducible position that serves as a reliable guide for developing occlusion in complete dentures. There are various methods for recording centric relation, including functional methods like the needle house method and excursive methods using intraoral or extraoral tracings. Establishing accurate centric relation is important for proper functioning, aesthetics, and comfort of complete dentures.
The document discusses the use of intraoral radiographs to detect dental caries that may not be visible during a clinical examination alone. It describes the radiographic appearance of different types and stages of caries, including occlusal, proximal, facial, lingual, root surface, recurrent, rampant, and radiation-induced caries. Radiographs are useful for detecting caries in difficult to examine areas, between teeth, and in early stages before cavitation occurs. Clinical examination is still necessary to differentiate caries from other radiolucent lesions or restorative materials.
This document discusses common artifacts and positioning errors seen on panoramic radiographs. It describes ghost images, which are duplicate images caused when an object is penetrated twice by x-rays. It also discusses errors like open lips obscuring teeth, improper positioning of the chin resulting in overlapping structures, and movement during exposure causing blurring or duplication. Positioning the patient correctly in relation to the focal trough and keeping the spine straight are important to avoid errors.
Paralleling and bisecting radiographic techniquesDr. Ritu Gupta
this is the seminar for Undergraduate students consisting of initial paralellelig and bisecting radiographic techniques, history, types, size, extraoral films, technical errors, radiographic examination in special children
This document provides information on full crown tooth preparations, including definitions, biological and mechanical principles, and guidelines. It discusses the importance of margin location in relation to the biologic width to maintain gingival health. It also covers principles such as preservation of tooth structure, retention and resistance form, and considerations for different crest relationships to minimize risk of tissue recession. Guidelines are provided for preparation taper, height and diameter to enhance durability and resistance to dislodging forces.
This document provides information on the Russel's Periodontal Index and the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs). It discusses the development and purpose of each index, as well as how they are used to assess periodontal disease status and treatment needs in populations. The Russel's Index uses simple probing to evaluate gingivitis and periodontal disease severity on a scale of 0-8. The CPITN focuses on determining treatment needs by examining bleeding, calculus, and pocket depth in six sextants using index teeth. Both indices are designed for epidemiological surveys to monitor oral health and plan treatment programs.
This document discusses principles of radiographic interpretation in dentistry. It describes interpretation as explaining what is seen on dental radiographs based on the ability to read what is revealed. The objectives of interpretation are detection, description, and differentiation of diseases using a systematic LOGIC method of localizing images, observing shadows, considering radiographic facts, formulating interpretations, and correlating findings with history and exam. Essential requirements include knowledge of normal anatomy, variations, and pathological appearances as well as optimal viewing conditions.
This document provides an overview of periodontal probes, including their history, uses, classifications, and related studies. Periodontal probes are calibrated instruments used to measure pocket depth and determine pocket configuration. Several generations of probes have been developed over time, with modifications including standardized tip diameters and shapes, millimeter markings, and the incorporation of pressure sensors. Current probes range from conventional manual probes to computerized probes that can precisely measure probing force and position. Probes are a key diagnostic tool in periodontal examinations and assessments of treatment outcomes.
This document discusses the history and use of radiographic aids in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases. It covers the discovery of x-rays and development of dental radiography. Key radiographic techniques discussed include intraoral periapical, bitewing, occlusal, and panoramic radiographs. Digital radiography and advanced imaging modalities like digital subtraction radiography, computed tomography, and cone beam computed tomography are also summarized. The document outlines how different radiographic views can help evaluate bone levels, defects, and other periodontal features to aid in diagnosis.
Abdullah .radiographic-aids-in-the-diagnosis-of-periodontal-diseases.pptxMugahed Al-gahdari
Radiographs are an important adjunct to the clinical examination for diagnosing and monitoring periodontal diseases. They reveal alterations in calcified tissues like bone loss better than minor soft tissue changes. Digital radiography offers advantages like lower radiation exposure and ability to enhance images. New techniques like subtraction radiography and computer-assisted densitometry allow for more precise detection of bone loss over time. Cone beam computed tomography provides highly accurate 3D imaging useful for implant planning. Radiographs remain an essential tool but should always be considered along with the clinical presentation.
The document discusses dental luxation injuries, which involve disruption of the tooth and surrounding tissues from trauma. It describes different types of luxation including intrusive, extrusive, lateral, and concussive luxations. For each type, it outlines the typical clinical findings, recommended treatment approaches, and prognosis. Intrusive luxations have the tooth driven into the socket, while extrusive luxations see the tooth elongated out of the socket. Lateral luxations displace the tooth labially, lingually, mesially or distally. Treatment involves repositioning the tooth and splinting, with endodontics sometimes needed. Prognosis depends on healing of the periodontium and pulpal response.
The document discusses the classification of periodontal diseases. It provides an overview of how periodontal diseases were previously classified, noting that the classification system was heavily based on age. It then summarizes the updated 1999 classification system, which introduced categories for gingival diseases and refined the categories for periodontal diseases. The key changes were introducing gingival disease categories, replacing terms like "adult periodontitis" with "chronic periodontitis", and expanding definitions of systemic diseases and their implications for periodontal health.
This document discusses the classification and components of fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It describes the different types of FPDs including simple rigid bridges, semi-fixed bridges, and cantilever bridges. The components of an FPD include abutment teeth, retainers, pontics, and connectors. It also lists 19 factors that influence the selection of FPD components and design, such as crown length, root form, occlusion, periodontal health, and esthetics.
Removable orthodontic appliances can be inserted and removed by the patient. They were first developed in the 1830s using plaster models. Key advantages are that they allow for oral hygiene and are less expensive than fixed appliances. However, they have less control over tooth movement and require patient cooperation. Removable appliances use components like clasps for retention and bows or springs for applying forces. Common clasps include Adams, Jackson's, and circumferential clasps which engage tooth undercuts. Guidelines for appliance activation include allowing space for tooth movement and preventing anchorage loss.
The document discusses the try-in process for complete denture patients. It defines try-in and trial dentures as preliminary fittings used to evaluate aesthetics, fit, and jaw relationships. The try-in involves extraoral and intraoral examinations to check the denture bases, teeth arrangement, occlusion, retention, stability, and other factors. Adjustments are made to optimize aesthetics, function, and patient comfort before the final dentures are fabricated.
Teeth don’t possess regenerative ability found in most other tissues. Therefore, once enamel & dentin are lost as a result of caries, trauma or wear, restorative material must be used, to reestablish form & function.
Teeth require preparation to receive restoration & these preparations must be based on fundamental principles, which are discussed in this presentation, from which basic criteria can be developed to help predict the success of prosthodontic treatment.
Working length is the distance from a coronal reference point to the point where canal preparation and obturation should terminate. It is important to determine working length precisely using radiographs or electronic apex locators. The radiographic method involves measuring the total length of the tooth on preoperative radiographs, subtracting 1mm as a safety factor, and confirming length under radiograph after instrumentation. Electronic apex locators use electric current to detect the apical foramen. Tactile methods are unreliable due to risk of over-instrumentation or under-instrumentation.
Introduction oral medicine-primary and secondary lesionsManali Rajvansh
Oral medicine deals with diagnosis, treatment and prevention of oral mucosal diseases, local oral diseases, and oral manifestations of systemic diseases. It also involves dental management of medically compromised patients. Oral radiology uses x-rays to produce images of oral tissues. Oral diagnosis identifies oral diseases based on their symptoms and signs. These specialties classify oral lesions based on factors like etiology, pathological process, clinical appearance, and origin to facilitate diagnosis and treatment.
Splinting is one of the oldest forms of aids to periodontal therapy. By redistribution of forces on the affected teeth the splint minimizes the effects caused by loss of support. Splinting teeth to each other allows weakened teeth to be supported by neighbouring teeth. This presentation reviews the rationale, techniques, advantages and ill effects of stabilization of teeth by splinting as an aid to periodontal therapy. With the acceptance and clinical predictability of adhesive procedures, the use of conservative bonding techniques to splint teeth offers a useful alternative to more invasive restorative procedures. Loss of tooth-supporting structures results in tooth mobility. Increased tooth mobility adversely affects function, aesthetics, and the patient’s comfort. Splints are used to overcome all these problems. When faced with the dilemma of how to manage periodontally compromised teeth, splinting of mobile teeth to stronger adjacent teeth is a viable option. This prolongs the life expectancy of loose teeth, gives stability for the periodontium to reattach, and improves comfort, function and aesthetics.
Centric relation is the most posterior position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla, from which lateral movements can be made. It is a reproducible position that serves as a reliable guide for developing occlusion in complete dentures. There are various methods for recording centric relation, including functional methods like the needle house method and excursive methods using intraoral or extraoral tracings. Establishing accurate centric relation is important for proper functioning, aesthetics, and comfort of complete dentures.
The document discusses the use of intraoral radiographs to detect dental caries that may not be visible during a clinical examination alone. It describes the radiographic appearance of different types and stages of caries, including occlusal, proximal, facial, lingual, root surface, recurrent, rampant, and radiation-induced caries. Radiographs are useful for detecting caries in difficult to examine areas, between teeth, and in early stages before cavitation occurs. Clinical examination is still necessary to differentiate caries from other radiolucent lesions or restorative materials.
This document discusses common artifacts and positioning errors seen on panoramic radiographs. It describes ghost images, which are duplicate images caused when an object is penetrated twice by x-rays. It also discusses errors like open lips obscuring teeth, improper positioning of the chin resulting in overlapping structures, and movement during exposure causing blurring or duplication. Positioning the patient correctly in relation to the focal trough and keeping the spine straight are important to avoid errors.
Paralleling and bisecting radiographic techniquesDr. Ritu Gupta
this is the seminar for Undergraduate students consisting of initial paralellelig and bisecting radiographic techniques, history, types, size, extraoral films, technical errors, radiographic examination in special children
This document provides information on full crown tooth preparations, including definitions, biological and mechanical principles, and guidelines. It discusses the importance of margin location in relation to the biologic width to maintain gingival health. It also covers principles such as preservation of tooth structure, retention and resistance form, and considerations for different crest relationships to minimize risk of tissue recession. Guidelines are provided for preparation taper, height and diameter to enhance durability and resistance to dislodging forces.
This document provides information on the Russel's Periodontal Index and the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs). It discusses the development and purpose of each index, as well as how they are used to assess periodontal disease status and treatment needs in populations. The Russel's Index uses simple probing to evaluate gingivitis and periodontal disease severity on a scale of 0-8. The CPITN focuses on determining treatment needs by examining bleeding, calculus, and pocket depth in six sextants using index teeth. Both indices are designed for epidemiological surveys to monitor oral health and plan treatment programs.
This document discusses principles of radiographic interpretation in dentistry. It describes interpretation as explaining what is seen on dental radiographs based on the ability to read what is revealed. The objectives of interpretation are detection, description, and differentiation of diseases using a systematic LOGIC method of localizing images, observing shadows, considering radiographic facts, formulating interpretations, and correlating findings with history and exam. Essential requirements include knowledge of normal anatomy, variations, and pathological appearances as well as optimal viewing conditions.
This document provides an overview of periodontal probes, including their history, uses, classifications, and related studies. Periodontal probes are calibrated instruments used to measure pocket depth and determine pocket configuration. Several generations of probes have been developed over time, with modifications including standardized tip diameters and shapes, millimeter markings, and the incorporation of pressure sensors. Current probes range from conventional manual probes to computerized probes that can precisely measure probing force and position. Probes are a key diagnostic tool in periodontal examinations and assessments of treatment outcomes.
This document discusses the history and use of radiographic aids in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases. It covers the discovery of x-rays and development of dental radiography. Key radiographic techniques discussed include intraoral periapical, bitewing, occlusal, and panoramic radiographs. Digital radiography and advanced imaging modalities like digital subtraction radiography, computed tomography, and cone beam computed tomography are also summarized. The document outlines how different radiographic views can help evaluate bone levels, defects, and other periodontal features to aid in diagnosis.
Abdullah .radiographic-aids-in-the-diagnosis-of-periodontal-diseases.pptxMugahed Al-gahdari
Radiographs are an important adjunct to the clinical examination for diagnosing and monitoring periodontal diseases. They reveal alterations in calcified tissues like bone loss better than minor soft tissue changes. Digital radiography offers advantages like lower radiation exposure and ability to enhance images. New techniques like subtraction radiography and computer-assisted densitometry allow for more precise detection of bone loss over time. Cone beam computed tomography provides highly accurate 3D imaging useful for implant planning. Radiographs remain an essential tool but should always be considered along with the clinical presentation.
Use of cone beam computed tomography in endodonticsNielsen Pereira
This document reviews the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in endodontics. It begins with an introduction to the role of imaging in endodontics for preoperative assessment, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative evaluation. It then discusses some limitations of conventional 2D radiography for interpreting complex dental anatomy. The bulk of the document provides a literature review on CBCT as a 3D imaging modality that can help overcome these limitations and aid in endodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and post-treatment assessment. Key topics covered include the history and approval of CBCT units for dental use, different types of CBCT equipment based on patient positioning and scan volume, and applications of CBCT for endodontic procedures.
Radiographic Aids in the Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases.pptxRoshnaTalibMustafa
This document discusses the use of radiographs in diagnosing periodontal diseases. It begins by explaining that radiographs are valuable for diagnosis, assessing severity, prognosis, and treatment outcomes, but are an adjunct to clinical exams. It then discusses specific radiographic techniques like periapical and bitewing projections. Advanced imaging modalities like cone-beam CT are described as offering advantages over conventional radiography. The remainder describes the radiographic appearance of various periodontal conditions like chronic periodontitis, furcation involvement, abscesses, and trauma from occlusion.
This document provides an overview of radiographic techniques and interpretations in endodontic diagnosis. It discusses the history of dental radiography and various radiographic techniques including intraoral periapical, bitewing, occlusal, tomography, computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography, scanography, stereography, magnetic resonance imaging, digital subtraction radiography and direct digital radiography. It also covers interpreting dental caries, trauma, pulpal and periapical lesions, restorations and dental materials, and root canal anatomy on radiographs. The document emphasizes that cone beam computed tomography is more accurate than conventional radiography for detecting vertical root fractures in teeth with metallic posts.
This document discusses various imaging techniques used in periodontics, including radiography, digital radiography, subtraction radiography, panoramic imaging, CT scans, MRI, and bone scanning. Radiography is described as the most common and important technique for assessing periodontal disease as it provides information on bone levels, furcation involvement, and other factors. Digital radiography provides advantages over traditional films such as instant viewing and reduced radiation exposure.
This document discusses diagnostic aids used in implant dentistry. It begins with an introduction and history of diagnostic aids, highlighting the advances in dental imaging over time. It then covers various diagnostic tools used in implant planning including case history, dental casts, photographs, radiographs, and computed tomography (CT). Specifically, it details different types of radiographs like panoramic, cephalometric, and CT imaging. It emphasizes the importance of a thorough medical history and radiographic evaluation in implant treatment planning to assess bone quality and quantity at potential implant sites. In conclusion, using diagnostic aids helps obtain important information for accurate presurgical implant planning and placement.
RADIOGRAPHIC AIDS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASESShivangani Arya
The document discusses the use of radiographic aids in diagnosing periodontal diseases. It provides a history of x-rays and dental radiography, describing their discovery and early uses. It then discusses various intraoral and extraoral radiographic techniques used in periodontal examinations, including periapical, bitewing, occlusal and panoramic images. It outlines how these techniques help assess bone loss, detect calculus, and evaluate treatment outcomes. The document also describes how periodontal bone destruction appears radiographically, such as lamina dura disruption, widening of periodontal ligament space, and the formation of interdental craters.
CBCT is a 3D imaging technique using cone-shaped X-rays to produce images of the dental and maxillofacial area. It provides advantages over 2D imaging like panoramic radiographs by allowing evaluation of structures in multiple planes. CBCT has applications in diagnosing periodontal disease due to its ability to accurately measure hard and soft tissue structures. While CBCT reduces imaging errors compared to 2D techniques, it has limitations like higher noise levels and is not optimal for soft tissue imaging. CBCT dose is lower than medical CT but higher than conventional dental radiographs.
This document discusses endodontic radiography and the importance of radiographs in endodontic diagnosis and treatment. It provides a brief history of radiography and describes common types of radiographs used in endodontics like intraoral periapical radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Intraoral periapical radiographs allow visualization of the root structure and surrounding bone. CBCT provides high quality 3D images with less radiation compared to traditional CT. The document emphasizes that radiographs are essential for endodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, working length determination, and follow-up care.
X-rays uses and benefits in endodontic treatmentRamyIbrahim51
This document outlines the key topics in endodontics and the role of radiology. It discusses (1) what endodontics is, (2) why proper radiology use is important for diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcomes assessment, and (3) the indications for different radiology techniques in endodontics. It also summarizes the types of films used, how radiology is used during treatment, potential radiation hazards, and factors influencing treatment success. Advanced imaging techniques like CBCT are described which provide more detailed 3D imaging compared to conventional radiographs.
Radiographs play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. They provide important information regarding the anatomical structures and periodontal bone loss.
The perioscope is a tiny camera that attaches to dental instruments allowing dentists and hygienists to visualize the subgingival root surfaces. It provides high magnification views of the root and pocket in real time on a monitor. This allows for more accurate diagnosis and complete removal of tartar and bacteria compared to traditional methods. The perioscope has increased the effectiveness of non-surgical treatments and improved outcomes for both non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapies.
Diagnosis of Vertical Root Fracture Using Digital Radiography, Helical Comput...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Imaging technique in endodontics an overviewRavi Rana
This document provides an overview of various imaging techniques used in endodontics, including their applications and advantages/disadvantages. It discusses ultrasound, radiovisiography (RVG), and computed tomography (CT) specifically. For ultrasound, it notes its ability to differentiate cystic vs. non-cystic lesions but limitations in posterior regions. For RVG, it outlines its use in detecting pathology, measuring lengths, and enhanced imaging capabilities while using less radiation than conventional radiography. For CT, it describes excellent visualization of anatomical structures, ability to detect fractures, lesions, and extra root canals, but greater radiation exposure than other methods.
IS THE SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE THICKNESS AFFECTED BY PERIODONTAL DISEASE? Shilpa Shiv
1) The study found that the thickness of the Schneiderian membrane, which lines the maxillary sinus, was significantly greater in patients with periodontally diseased maxillary molars compared to patients with edentulous areas.
2) While a smaller bone layer separating root tips from the sinus floor was associated with increased membrane thickness, no clear relationship was found between membrane thickness and clinical periodontal parameters.
3) The results indicate that cone-beam computed tomography can be useful for evaluating soft tissue conditions like Schneiderian membrane thickness in the maxillary sinus.
This pilot study evaluated the accuracy and correlation of ultrasound (US) imaging in measuring periodontal structures, compared to direct clinical measurements and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). 20 participants scheduled for single implant surgery had their papilla height, crestal bone level, soft tissue height, and mucosal thickness measured using US, direct probing, and CBCT. Strong correlations were found between US and direct measurements. US also showed fair to good agreement with CBCT. The study demonstrates US may be a valuable tool for real-time, cross-sectional evaluation of periodontal tissues without radiation. Further research is needed to evaluate US for differentiating healthy from diseased periodontal status.
A 4 part seminar on 3D cbct technology for seminar presentations. with added technical details and considerations with differences between a CT technology.
Also it features the technical parameters ,uses and how it is considered useful in each departments of medicine and dentistry.
This document summarizes the history and importance of radiography in endodontics. It discusses pioneers like Roentgen who discovered x-rays and Walkoff who took the first dental x-ray. Radiographs are described as the single most important diagnostic tool for determining anatomy, diagnosis, and monitoring treatment. The document outlines ideal requirements for endodontic films and film holders, advantages of bitewings, indications for occlusal films, and principles of positioning films and adjusting cone angulation. It emphasizes that radiographs are essential for treatment but should be fixed, dried, and documented properly.
Similar to Radiographic aids in periodontal disease diagnosis part I (20)
Hello everyone...
I am Dr. Shravanthi, periodontist by profession. Please take a tour of my website periowiki.com.
Periowiki is my initiative to help people learn about periodontology in detail.
See you there.
The alveolar process forms the tooth sockets and supports the teeth. It consists of external cortical plates and internal cancellous trabeculae. Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts maintain the alveolar bone through remodeling. The alveolar bone develops with tooth eruption and is resorbed after tooth loss. It undergoes constant remodeling to withstand forces while maintaining form. The document provides detailed descriptions of the anatomical structures and cellular processes that comprise and maintain the alveolar bone.
Smoking has various negative effects on the immune system's response to periodontal disease. It reduces the phagocytic activity and respiratory burst of neutrophils, impairs their migration and apoptosis. Smokers have increased T cell levels but reduced IgG2 and B cell antibody production. Natural killer cell activity and numbers are also lower in smokers. Regarding cytokines, smokers have higher TNF-alpha but lower IL-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid. Overall, smoking causes both quantitative and qualitative defects in immune cells that compromise periodontal defense mechanisms.
Technological advances in dental implant surgeryPeriowiki.com
This document discusses recent technological advances in dental implant surgery, including computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology and computer-guided implant surgery techniques. It describes computerized tomography (CT) imaging and how CT data can be used for virtual surgical planning and fabrication of surgical guides. The document compares computer-guided implant surgery (CGIS), which uses static surgical guides, to computer-navigated implant surgery (CNIS), which allows for intraoperative modification of the surgical plan. Both techniques aim to increase the accuracy and predictability of dental implant placement.
The document discusses aggressive periodontitis, specifically localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP). It provides:
1) A historical background on LAP, formerly known as localized juvenile periodontitis, describing its identification and classification over time.
2) Key diagnostic criteria for LAP including an early age of onset typically around puberty, involvement of first molars and incisors, and a rapid rate of attachment loss and bone destruction.
3) Typical clinical characteristics of LAP such as minimal visible inflammation despite deep pockets and bone loss out of proportion to plaque levels. Radiographs often show vertical bone loss around first molars and incisors. Prevalence is typically below 1% with some studies finding higher rates in black males
The document discusses splinting, including its history, definitions, aims, principles, indications, classifications, advantages, and disadvantages. Some key points:
- Splinting aims to immobilize and stabilize loose or mobile teeth by redistributing forces across multiple teeth.
- It has been used since ancient Egypt to stabilize teeth and fractures. Modern classifications include temporary, provisional, and permanent splints made of various materials.
- Indications include reducing tooth mobility from trauma, occlusal adjustment, or periodontal disease. Contraindications include active periodontal inflammation.
- Advantages are stabilizing teeth and tissues, but disadvantages include increased risk of decay and difficulties with oral hygiene.
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) aims to regenerate lost periodontal tissues by using barrier membranes to selectively prevent the migration of epithelial and gingival connective tissue cells to the root surface, allowing periodontal ligament cells to repopulate the area. The document discusses the history and development of GTR, the biological basis and concept behind using barrier membranes, characteristics of ideal GTR membranes, indications and contraindications for GTR, and outcomes from studies applying GTR in treating periodontal defects.
Furcation the problem and its managementPeriowiki.com
The document discusses furcation involvement, which occurs when periodontal disease causes attachment loss that affects the bifurcation or trifurcation of multi-rooted teeth. It presents Glickman's classification of furcation defects into four grades based on the extent of bone loss and visibility of the furcation opening. Grade I is the earliest stage where only soft tissues are affected. Grade IV is the most advanced where bone is destroyed between roots, making the furcation opening visible. The classification schemes of Karthikeyan et al. (2015) and Pilloni and Rojas (2018) are also presented, which provide additional assessment criteria for furcation defects.
Attached gingiva and procedures for gingival augmentationPeriowiki.com
The document discusses attached gingiva and procedures for gingival augmentation. It defines attached gingiva and explains its clinical significance as a barrier against microbes and irritants. The width and thickness of attached gingiva can be measured using various methods and are influenced by factors like age, tooth position, and frenal attachments. Adequate attached gingiva is important for periodontal health and limiting recession, though its width alone does not prevent recession. In restorative dentistry, at least 2mm of attached gingiva is recommended when crowns are placed close to or below the gingival margin to avoid inflammation and recession.
Role of iatrogenic factors in the etiology of periodontal diseasePeriowiki.com
The document discusses various dental procedures that can potentially cause iatrogenic injury to periodontal structures, including restorations, endodontic therapy, prosthetics, orthodontics, surgery, implants, and periodontal treatment. It provides definitions of iatrogenic factors and reviews the history. For restorations specifically, it examines how cavity preparation, violation of biologic width, overhanging margins, subgingival margins, contours can negatively impact the periodontium. Studies have demonstrated links between overhangs and increased pocket depth and bone loss. Contours that limit access for oral hygiene or retain plaque and irritants can also increase inflammation.
Classification of diseases and conditions affecting the periodontiumPeriowiki.com
The document discusses the historical development of classification systems for periodontal diseases from the 1870s to present. It describes the three dominant paradigms that influenced classification: the clinical characteristics paradigm from 1870-1920 which based classifications on observable symptoms; the classical pathology paradigm from 1920-1970 which considered the pathological changes; and the current infection/host response paradigm since 1970 which considers the roles of infection and the body's response. It provides details on influential classification systems under each paradigm.
The document discusses the anatomy and histology of the gingiva. It describes the different types of gingiva - marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva - and their clinical and microscopic features. Microscopically, the gingiva consists of stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue. The gingival epithelium undergoes proliferation and differentiation, including keratinization in some areas. Keratin proteins and other proteins important for epithelial maturation are also discussed.
Reactive oxygen species and anti-oxidantsPeriowiki.com
This document discusses reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. It begins with a brief history of the discovery of oxygen, free radicals, and their role in biology. ROS are classified and sources both endogenous and exogenous are described. The document outlines the origins and formation of ROS, as well as their beneficial roles in physiological functions and microbial destruction. However, excessive ROS can also cause tissue damage through lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The body's antioxidant defense systems and how ROS levels impact periodontal health are examined. The conclusion discusses measuring ROS and antioxidants.
The document discusses the development, composition, and function of the four main tissues that make up the periodontium - gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It describes how each tissue develops during tooth formation and eruption. It also provides details on the biochemical components of the normal connective tissues in the periodontium, including the cells, fibers, and ground substance present in the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. The document concludes by discussing how diseases can affect the periodontal connective tissues.
Molecular mediators in periodontal pathologyPeriowiki.com
This document provides an overview of inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. It begins by introducing inflammation and how acute inflammation can become chronic. It then classifies inflammatory mediators as exogenous (bacterial products) or endogenous (produced internally). Key endogenous mediators discussed include cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, colony stimulating factors, and interferons. The document explains the roles of these mediators in periodontal tissue destruction and bone resorption.
Local anesthesia involves the loss of sensation, especially pain, in one part of the body through the use of local anesthetic drugs. The document discusses the historical background of local anesthesia beginning in the 1880s with cocaine. It defines local anesthesia and related terms and outlines the ideal properties of local anesthetic drugs. The document describes the composition of local anesthetic solutions, classifications of drugs, and their mechanism of action in blocking nerve conduction. It explores theories of pain and the pain pathway, which local anesthetics are able to interrupt.
This document provides an overview of general microbiology. It discusses the history of microbiology, including early pioneers like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Koch. It also covers the basic classification of microorganisms into domains, including bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi and viruses. Specific sections are dedicated to bacteria, including their structures, growth patterns, shapes, and gram-positive and gram-negative examples. The document aims to introduce the key topics within general microbiology.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals and provides structural integrity to tissues. There are over 30 types of collagen that can be classified based on structure and function. Collagen forms fibrils, networks, membranes, and other structures essential for tissue morphology and function. Disorders of collagen synthesis and structure can lead to a variety of associated pathologies.
This document provides an overview of antimicrobial agents (AMAs), including a brief history, classifications, characteristics of ideal antibiotics, factors to consider when choosing an AMA, indications, contraindications, problems associated with AMA use, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. It covers topics such as the distinction between bacteriostatic and bactericidal mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of each, and common causes of AMA treatment failure.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdfrightmanforbloodline
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.