Phase I periodontal therapy is the first in the chronologic sequence of procedures that constitute periodontal treatment. It is also referred to as cause related therapy or non-surgical periodontal therapy.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION
GLICKMAN CONCEPT
WAERHAUG CONCEPT
STAGES OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TFO
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TFO
TFO AND IMPLANTS
TREATMENT OF TFO
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
Phase I periodontal therapy is the first in the chronologic sequence of procedures that constitute periodontal treatment. It is also referred to as cause related therapy or non-surgical periodontal therapy.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
TYPES OF TRAUMA FROM OCCLUSION
GLICKMAN CONCEPT
WAERHAUG CONCEPT
STAGES OF TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF TFO
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TFO
TFO AND IMPLANTS
TREATMENT OF TFO
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
Necrotising periodontal diseases, Necrotising periodontal diseases as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
By Dr. Ritam Kundu, MDS PGT, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, India.
Furcation involvement is a common sequela of severe chronic periodontal disease. Its effective management has a profound influence on the outcome of periodontal therapy.
Certains medications have been associated with gingival enlargement.
the seminar gives a complete analysis of etilogy and pathogenesis involved in digo as well as sequlae of it
AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
PRESENTER
DR. REBICCA RANJIT
DEPT. OF PERIODONTOLOGY & ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY
Why is there localisation of disease to 1st molars and incisors in LAP?
Often subjects present with attachment loss that does not fit the specific diagnostic criteria (AP or chronic periodontitis).
Schenkein et al. 1995: cigarette smoking was shown to be a risk factor for patients with generalized forms of AgP.
Smokers with GAP had more affected teeth and greater mean levels of attachment loss than patients with GAP who did not smoke.
IgG2 serum levels as well as antibody levels against A.a. are significantly depressed in subjects with GAP who smoked.
Treatment of crossbite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
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Necrotising periodontal diseases, Necrotising periodontal diseases as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
By Dr. Ritam Kundu, MDS PGT, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, India.
Furcation involvement is a common sequela of severe chronic periodontal disease. Its effective management has a profound influence on the outcome of periodontal therapy.
Certains medications have been associated with gingival enlargement.
the seminar gives a complete analysis of etilogy and pathogenesis involved in digo as well as sequlae of it
AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
PRESENTER
DR. REBICCA RANJIT
DEPT. OF PERIODONTOLOGY & ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY
Why is there localisation of disease to 1st molars and incisors in LAP?
Often subjects present with attachment loss that does not fit the specific diagnostic criteria (AP or chronic periodontitis).
Schenkein et al. 1995: cigarette smoking was shown to be a risk factor for patients with generalized forms of AgP.
Smokers with GAP had more affected teeth and greater mean levels of attachment loss than patients with GAP who did not smoke.
IgG2 serum levels as well as antibody levels against A.a. are significantly depressed in subjects with GAP who smoked.
Treatment of crossbite /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
For undergraduate dental students this presentation gives you the wide idea about the oral ulceration & it's causes. There causes also described though it's very easy for the reader to understand & planned how to approach the studying of ulcerations regarding the mouth. Here vesicular bullous lesions also described.
Juvenile periodontitis
“A disease of the periodontium occurring in an otherwise healthy adolescent which is characterized by a rapid loss of alveolar bone about more than one tooth of the permanent dentition. The amount of destruction manifested is not commensurate with the amount of local irritants.”
Early onset periodontitis (EOP)
Localized juvenile periodontitis
Age of onset and distribution of lesions were of primary importance when making a diagnosis of LJP.
Aim of the Presentation
1. Study the biodegradation process of pharmaceutical raw materials.
2. Purification of the biodegradation enzymes.
3. Identification of the biodegradation products.

Minimum intervention dentistry is a concept based on a better understanding of the caries process and development of the carious process and the development of new diagnostic technologies and adhesives, bioactive restorative materials.
The lecture presents skills and requirements of the initial interview in dental clinic, how could dentist gain patient rapport and patient's required information to reach diagnosis also identifying pits and errors of initial interview
Innervation of the face
The nervvous system
Nerve transmission
Definition of Pain
Pain Receptors
Pain nerve fibers
Reaction to pain
Pain Pathway
Control of Pain
Mode of action of local anesthesia
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
3. Aggressive periodontitis generally affects svstemically
healthy individuals less than 30 years old although
patients may be older.
Aggressive periodontitis may be distinguished from
chronic periodontitis by the age of onset, the rapid rate
of disease progression, the nature and composition of
the subgingival microflora, alterations in the host's
immune response and a familial aggregation of
diseased individuals.
4.
5. LOCALIZED AGGRESSIVE
PERIODONTITIS
Clinical Characteristics
Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) has an
age of onset around puberty.
Clinically it is characterized as having "localized
first molar/incisor presentation with interproximal
attachment loss on at least two permanent teeth,
one of which is a first molar and involving no more
than two teeth other than first molars and incisors".
6.
7. A striking feature of LAP is the lack of clinical
inflammation despite the presence of deep
periodontal pockets. Furthermore, the amount of
plaque on the affected teeth is minimal and
inconsistent with the amount of periodontal
destruction present. The plaque that is present
forms a thin biofilm on the teeth and rarely
mineralizes to form calculus. Although the quantity
of plaque may be limited, it often contains elevated
levels of A actinomvcetemcomitans and in some
patients, Porphvromonas gingivalis.
8. - Localized aggressive periodontitis progresses rapidly.
The rate of bone loss is about three to four times faster
than in chronic periodontitis.
- Other clinical features of LAP may include:
* Distolabial migration of maxillary incisors with
diastema formation.
* Increasing mobility of first molars.
* Sensitivity of denuded root surfaces to thermal and
tactile stimuli.
* Deep dull radiating pain during mastication
because of irritation of the supporting structures by
mobile teeth and impacted food.
* Periodontal abscesses.
* Regional lymph node enlargement.
9.
10. Radiographic Findings:
Vertical loss of alveolar bone around the first molars and
incisors, beginning around puberty in healthy teenagers,
is a classic diagnostic sign of LAP.
Radiographic findings may include an "arc-shaped loss
of alveolar bone extending from distal surface of second
premolar to mesial surface of second molar“.
11. GENERALIZED AGGRESSIVE
PERIODONTITIS
Clinical Characteristics
Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) usually affects individuals
under the age of 30 but older patients also may be affected.
Clinically, GAP is characterized by "generalized interproxirnal
attachment loss affecting at least three permanent teeth other
than first molars and incisors".
- As seen in LAP, patients with GAP have small amounts of
bacterial plague associated with
the affected teeth. Quantitatively, the amount of plaque seems
inconsistent with the amount of periodontal destruction.
Qualitatively, Porphvromonas giriaivalis. A. actinomycetem-
comitans and Bactehodes forsvthus frequently are detected in
the plaque that is present. In contrast to LAP, individuals affected
with GAP produce a poor antibody response to the pathogens
present.
12.
13. The destruction occurs episodically with periods of
advanced destruction followed by stages of
quiescence of variable length (weeks to months or
years). Radiographs show bone loss that has
progressed since the previous evaluation.
In cases of GAP, the gingival tissue response is a
severe acutely inflamed tissue, often proliferating
ulcerated and fiery red. Bleeding may occur
spontaneously or with slight stimulation.
Suppuration may be an important feature. This
tissue response occurs in the destructive stage in
which attachment and bone are actively lost.
14.
15. In other cases, the gingival tissues may appear pink, free
of inflammation. However, deep pockets can be
demonstrated by probing. This tissue response coincide
with periods of quiescence in which the bone level
remains stationary.
In other cases, the gingival tissues may appear pink,
free of inflammation. However, deep pockets can be
demonstrated by probing. This tissue response coincide
with periods of quiescence in which the bone level
remains stationary.
Some patients with GAP may have systemic
manifestations such as weight loss, mental depression
and general malaise. They should receive medical
evaluations to rule out possible systemic involvement.
16.
17. The radiographic picture in GAP range from
severe bone loss associated with minimal number
of teeth to advanced bone loss affecting the
majority of teeth in the dentition.
Sites in GAP patients demonstrated osseous
destruction of 25 to 60 % during a 9-week period.
Despite this extreme loss, other sites in the same
patient showed no bone loss.
18.
19. RISK FACTORS FOR AGGRESSIVE
PERIODONTITIS
Microbioloqic Factors
- Although several specific microorganisms are
detected in patients with LAP (A
actinomycetemcomitans (A. a.), Capnocytophaga sp.
Eikenella corrodens, Prevotella intermedia and
Campyiobacter rectus), A. a. is implicated as the primary
pathogen associated with this disease is based on the
following evidence:
20. 1- High frequency of A. a. (approximately 90%) in
lesions characteristic of LAP.
2- Elevated levels of A. a. were showed in sites
with evidence of disease progression.
3- Elevated serum antibody titers to A.
actinomvcetemcomitans is showed in many
patients with LAP.
4- A correlation between reduction in the
subgingival load of A. a. during treatment and
a» successful clinical response.
5- A. a. produces a number of virulence factors
that may contribute to the disease process.
21. Immunoloqic Factors:
Some immune defects are implicated in the pathogenesis
of aggressive periodontitis.
The human leukocyte antigens (HLA), which regulate
immune responses, were evaluated as markers for
aggressive periodontitis. HLA-A9 and B15 antigens are
consistently associated with aggressive periodontitis.
Patients with aggressive periodontitis display functional
defects of PMNs which can impair either the chemotactic
attraction of PMN to the site of infection or their ability to
phagocytose and kill microorganisms.
22. Genetic Factors
- All individuals are not equally susceptible to
aggressive periodontitis. A familial pattern of
alveolar bone loss have implicated genetic factors
in aggressive periodontitis.
- Genetic predisposition for LAP suggest that a major
gene plays a role in this disease, which is
transmitted through an autosomal dominant
mode of inheritance.
Environmental Factors
- The amount and duration of smoking can influence
the extent of destruction seen in young adults.
23. TREATMENT OF AGGRESSIVE
PERIODONTITIS
Localized Aggressive Periodontitis
- Standard periodontal therapy:
Such therapy has included scaling and root planing, flap
surgery with and without bone grafts, root amputations,
hemisections, occlusal adjustment and strict plaque control.
However, response was unpredictable. Frequent maintenance
visits appear to be most important.
Lack of response of aggressive periodontitis to local therapy
alone is the result of the presence of A.
actinomycetemcomitans in the tissues where it remains after
therapy to reinfect the pocket. Systemic use of antibiotics
eliminates bacteria from the tissues.
24. Current Approach to Therapy. Patients who are
diagnosed as having an early form of aggressive
periodontitis may respond to standard periodontal
therapy. In almost all cases, systemic tetracycline (250
mg of tetracycline 4 times daily for at least 1 week)
should be given in conjunction with local mechanical
therapy. If surgery is indicated, systemic tetracycline
should be taken approximately 1 hour before surgery.
Doxycycline 100 mg/day may also be used.
Chlorhexidine rinses should also be prescribed and
continued for several weeks to aid healing and augment
plaque control.
In refractory localized aggressive periodontitis cases,
tetracycline- esistant Actinobacilfus species have been
suspected. After performing antibiotic susceptibility
tests, the clinician may consider a combination of
amoxicillin and metronidazole.