Radar, which stands for Radio Detection and Ranging, is a system that uses radio waves to detect distant objects and determine their range, angle, or velocity. It works by transmitting pulses of radio waves that reflect off objects back to the radar receiver. By measuring the time delay and Doppler shift of the reflected signals, radar can calculate properties of detected objects such as distance, direction, speed and dimensions. Radar has many applications including air traffic control, weather monitoring, and military uses such as air defense systems.

1. Welcome

2. RADAR
By
P.Sai kamal
II yr ECE
10BA1A0443

3. Overview
 History
 What is radar ?
 Components
 Principle of operation
 Radar range measurement
 Radar equation
 Radar frequency bands
 Classification
 Applications
 Conclusion

4. History
Heinrich hertz-1886-radio waves reflection
Hülsmeyer-1903-detection of radio waves
Marconi-1992-shortwaves radio detection
L.A Hyland-1930-Air craft detection

5. What is Radar?
 Radio Detection And Ranging

6. Components
• Transmitter
• Duplexer
• Receiver

7. Principle of operation
Antenna
Propagation
Target
Cross
Section
Reflected
Transmitted Pulse
Pulse (“echo”)
Radar observables:
• Target range
• Target angles (azimuth)
• Target size
• Target speed (Doppler)
• Target features (imaging)

9. Radar equation
The power Pr returning to the receiving antenna is
given by the equation:
Pt = transmitter power
Where
Gt = gain of the transmitting antenna
Ar = area of the receiving antenna
σ = scattering coefficient of the target
F = pattern propagation factor
Rt = distance from
transmitter to target
Rr = distance from the target to the receiver.

10. Radar Frequency Bands

12. Block diagram of primary radar

13. Block diagram of pulse radar

14. CW-Radar
Transmitter
Receiver

15. Applications
Air traffic control Air craft navigation Military
Ship safety Space Remote sensing

16. Applications
Incoherent Scatter Radar

17. INDIAN radar systems
INDRA ROHINI

18. Modern radar updates
5-10 cars from both directions Looks like traffic light

19. Modern radar updates
Captures photos of crossing 100kms
For motor vehicles

20. Conclusion
Radar is a way to detect and study far off
objects
Basically its a radio echo