16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs (p.te 3: Major resistance to antibiotics)Raimondo Villano
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs (p.te 2: issues and contrast of antibiot...Raimondo Villano
13. R. Villano “ Prophylactic and therapeutic aspects against the plague in some States of Italy from XIV to the XVII century ”, Starting from a historical chronology, pathological, epidemiological, demographic, sociological and literary plague , we describe the environmental and operating conditions of doctors and pharmacists , examining the protocols of prophylaxis and make a reconnaissance of the main drugs used for prevention and treatment , coming to examine in detail some of the most important works in this subject and date (XVII century ) compared to the epidemic periods considered, the pre-eminent precepts clinical treatment protocols, dietary prescriptions , the composition of medicines and the most important processes for their preparation, setting the stage for various lines of comparative analysis. Integral communication of Raimondo Villano in Parallel Session II (Chairmains: A. Iwona / S. Anagnostou) of 41 International Congres for the History of Pharmacy (10/15 september by: International Society for the History of Pharmacy, Societé Francaise d’Histoire de la Pharmacie; Acadèmie Internationale d’Histoire de la Pharmacie), in the Bilski Pasquer Lecture Hall, with 79 authors of the 31 Pays et students of the over 50 Nations (Paris, Paris-Sorbonne UFR University, Medicine Faculty Pierre and Marie Curie, Les Cordeliers, september 11, 2013) - Chiron, CDD 945 VIL asp 2014 en, LCC R131-687, pp. 72, Rome, February 2014;
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs p.te 6: new therapeutic coumpoundsRaimondo Villano
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
R. Villano-Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial ResistanceRaimondo Villano
54. R. Villano “Antibioticoresistenza”. Si tracciano cenni storici sul concetto di antibiosi, su ricerche, scoperta e produzione degli antibiotici e sul loro ruolo mondiale non solo terapeutico ma anche strategico dal secondo dopoguerra. Poi, si esaminano a livello nazionale ed internazionale: le problematiche inerenti consumo, uso improprio e abuso di antibiotici nell’uomo, in zootecnia, agricoltura e, quindi, nel ciclo alimentare e nell’ambiente; le politiche di contrasto al fenomeno dell’iperprescrizione e nei cittadini il grado di informazione e consapevolezza dei rischi; le linee guida di buona prassi comportamentale del malato; i documenti principali di lotta a tale emergenza. Si effettuano, inoltre, una rassegna analitica e un approfondimento sualcune super patologie (tubercolosi, gonorrea, meningite, ecc.) e sulle resistenze batteriche ai principali antibiotici. Si realizzano, infine, una ricognizione sull’attualità delle tecnologie e degli indirizzi di ricerca applicata e una rassegna sulle principali recenti nuove terapie. Chiude il lavoro un’appendice tecnica contenente un apparato essenziale di normative e direttive ministeriali italiane e comunitarie europee sul tema. È in diverse istituzioni scientifiche, storiche, professionali e in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; Scienze Mediche e farmaceutiche Sede di Medicina Università di Genova; Dipartimento di Scienze farmaceutiche Università di Padova;Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis; nazionali: Napoli, Roma, Firenze, Potenza; Malatestiana di Cesena.(Chiron, ISBN 978-88-97303-25-1, CDD 610VILant2015 it, LCC DG461-583.8, Prima Edizione, pp. 164, Napoli, maggio 2015; Prima Ristampa giugno 2015; Seconda EdizioneISBN 978-97303-27-5, CDD 610VILant2015it , LCC NXI-820, pp. 256, Roma,luglio 2015);
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. VILLANO - Antibioticoresistenza (2a ediz.. p.te 9)Raimondo Villano
The document is a report from the Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR) with recommendations for future collaboration between the US and EU on antimicrobial resistance issues. It identifies three key areas for cooperation: appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, prevention of drug-resistant infections, and improving the drug development pipeline. The report provides 17 specific recommendations within these areas, such as developing common hospital antibiotic stewardship programs, collaborating on agricultural antibiotic use data collection, and establishing incentives for new antibiotic development. The TATFAR intends to oversee implementation of the recommendations over the next two years.
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs (p.te 3: Major resistance to antibiotics)Raimondo Villano
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs (p.te 2: issues and contrast of antibiot...Raimondo Villano
13. R. Villano “ Prophylactic and therapeutic aspects against the plague in some States of Italy from XIV to the XVII century ”, Starting from a historical chronology, pathological, epidemiological, demographic, sociological and literary plague , we describe the environmental and operating conditions of doctors and pharmacists , examining the protocols of prophylaxis and make a reconnaissance of the main drugs used for prevention and treatment , coming to examine in detail some of the most important works in this subject and date (XVII century ) compared to the epidemic periods considered, the pre-eminent precepts clinical treatment protocols, dietary prescriptions , the composition of medicines and the most important processes for their preparation, setting the stage for various lines of comparative analysis. Integral communication of Raimondo Villano in Parallel Session II (Chairmains: A. Iwona / S. Anagnostou) of 41 International Congres for the History of Pharmacy (10/15 september by: International Society for the History of Pharmacy, Societé Francaise d’Histoire de la Pharmacie; Acadèmie Internationale d’Histoire de la Pharmacie), in the Bilski Pasquer Lecture Hall, with 79 authors of the 31 Pays et students of the over 50 Nations (Paris, Paris-Sorbonne UFR University, Medicine Faculty Pierre and Marie Curie, Les Cordeliers, september 11, 2013) - Chiron, CDD 945 VIL asp 2014 en, LCC R131-687, pp. 72, Rome, February 2014;
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs p.te 6: new therapeutic coumpoundsRaimondo Villano
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
R. Villano-Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial ResistanceRaimondo Villano
54. R. Villano “Antibioticoresistenza”. Si tracciano cenni storici sul concetto di antibiosi, su ricerche, scoperta e produzione degli antibiotici e sul loro ruolo mondiale non solo terapeutico ma anche strategico dal secondo dopoguerra. Poi, si esaminano a livello nazionale ed internazionale: le problematiche inerenti consumo, uso improprio e abuso di antibiotici nell’uomo, in zootecnia, agricoltura e, quindi, nel ciclo alimentare e nell’ambiente; le politiche di contrasto al fenomeno dell’iperprescrizione e nei cittadini il grado di informazione e consapevolezza dei rischi; le linee guida di buona prassi comportamentale del malato; i documenti principali di lotta a tale emergenza. Si effettuano, inoltre, una rassegna analitica e un approfondimento sualcune super patologie (tubercolosi, gonorrea, meningite, ecc.) e sulle resistenze batteriche ai principali antibiotici. Si realizzano, infine, una ricognizione sull’attualità delle tecnologie e degli indirizzi di ricerca applicata e una rassegna sulle principali recenti nuove terapie. Chiude il lavoro un’appendice tecnica contenente un apparato essenziale di normative e direttive ministeriali italiane e comunitarie europee sul tema. È in diverse istituzioni scientifiche, storiche, professionali e in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; Scienze Mediche e farmaceutiche Sede di Medicina Università di Genova; Dipartimento di Scienze farmaceutiche Università di Padova;Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis; nazionali: Napoli, Roma, Firenze, Potenza; Malatestiana di Cesena.(Chiron, ISBN 978-88-97303-25-1, CDD 610VILant2015 it, LCC DG461-583.8, Prima Edizione, pp. 164, Napoli, maggio 2015; Prima Ristampa giugno 2015; Seconda EdizioneISBN 978-97303-27-5, CDD 610VILant2015it , LCC NXI-820, pp. 256, Roma,luglio 2015);
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. VILLANO - Antibioticoresistenza (2a ediz.. p.te 9)Raimondo Villano
The document is a report from the Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR) with recommendations for future collaboration between the US and EU on antimicrobial resistance issues. It identifies three key areas for cooperation: appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, prevention of drug-resistant infections, and improving the drug development pipeline. The report provides 17 specific recommendations within these areas, such as developing common hospital antibiotic stewardship programs, collaborating on agricultural antibiotic use data collection, and establishing incentives for new antibiotic development. The TATFAR intends to oversee implementation of the recommendations over the next two years.
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. Villano - Colophon libro “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, Raimondo Villano
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
This document provides a historical overview of integrated pest management (IPM) from its origins in the late 1800s through the late 20th century. It discusses how early crop protection specialists relied on pest biology and cultural practices before pesticides were widely available. It then describes how the development of synthetic pesticides in the 1940s shifted the focus to chemical control alone, leading to problems. Integrated control was first proposed in the 1950s as a way to combine biological and chemical control methods to minimize pesticide risks. Pest management became a related concept in the 1960s that emphasized managing pest populations rather than outright control. The document focuses on the history within entomology but acknowledges contributions from other fields like plant pathology and weed science.
11. political and regulatory aspects of veterinary antibiotics use in europeMerial EMEA
This document discusses the political and regulatory aspects of veterinary antibiotic use in Europe. It covers topics such as antibiotic resistance monitoring, responsible antibiotic use, and volumes and distribution of antibiotics. It notes that antibiotic resistance is an ongoing issue requiring measures like prudent antibiotic use, alternative disease prevention methods, and harmonized surveillance. The document advocates collecting antibiotic usage data and promoting responsible use frameworks as important parts of addressing antibiotic resistance in both animals and humans.
This document discusses the role of antibiotics in animal feed and the development of antibiotic resistance. It notes that antibiotic resistance first emerged as an intrinsic property in some bacteria and later developed through selective pressure from antibiotic exposure. The routine use of antibiotics as growth promoters in food animals is identified as a serious public health issue as it can create a reservoir of resistant bacteria that spread to humans. The document argues that antibiotics should not be used as growth promoters and only be used prudently for therapy and prophylaxis to minimize resistance. Adopting principles like restricting antibiotics critical for human medicine and minimizing prophylactic use could substantially reduce unnecessary antibiotic resistance.
Plant Biosecurity develops quarantine policies to protect plant health from exotic pests based on national and international obligations. The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) aims to prevent the spread and introduction of plant pests through coordinated action. Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) identifies, assesses, and manages risks posed by quarantine pests to determine appropriate phytosanitary measures. The PRA process involves initiation, pest risk assessment, and pest risk management stages. Risk assessment evaluates the probability of entry, establishment, and spread of pests, as well as potential economic consequences. Risk management identifies, evaluates, and selects options to reduce risks to an acceptable level.
Integrated pest management (IPM) is defined in multiple ways across 1950-1989:
1) IPM combines biological and chemical control methods to keep pest populations below economic thresholds, using chemicals only when necessary.
2) Later definitions emphasize using all suitable techniques in a compatible way to reduce pest damage through understanding pest life cycles and population dynamics.
3) By the 1980s, IPM is defined as the coordinated use of multiple control tactics to maintain acceptable pest levels while minimizing environmental and human risks.
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa and viruses. Some key branches of microbiology include bacteriology, mycology, protozoology, and immunology. Applied areas of microbiology include medical microbiology, pharmaceutical microbiology, industrial microbiology and microbial biotechnology. Microbiology has many applications including antibiotic production, enzyme and vaccine production, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, treatment of industrial waste, sterile product preparation, sterilization, identification of microorganisms, and testing of pharmaceuticals.
Please find the power point on Antimicrobial resistance. I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
This document discusses pest risk analysis (PRA) which is a process used to evaluate biological evidence to determine if an organism is a pest and what phytosanitary measures should be taken. It outlines the key steps in a PRA including pest risk initiation, pest risk assessment, and pest risk management. Examples are provided of potential pest pathways like cuttings, foliage, and food produce. The document also defines what constitutes pest establishment and spread. Overall, the PRA process determines the risk level and whether measures are needed to make the risk acceptable for market access of agricultural products to other countries.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) by TS- Shiven R. TrambadiaSHIVENPATEL10
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This presentation is on "Integrated Pest Management", in which I've included 1) What is IPM?, 2)History, 3)Principles and 4)Applications of IPM.
Note:- Any part (text, photo, picture, clip-art, video, images etc.) included in this presentation are mostly correct according to the author of this presentation. Moreover any part (text, photo, picture, clip-art, video, images etc.) of this presentation, if includes your / from your related resource, is just a matter of coincidence.
This presentation about legal measures of insect pest management in Nepal. This presentation try to elaborate the mandate of Nepal Government for controlling insect pest .
This document discusses the history and mechanisms of maggot therapy. It begins by outlining the long history of using maggot therapy to treat chronic wounds, dating back to the 16th century. However, maggot therapy fell out of favor with the widespread adoption of antibiotics in the 1940s. The document then discusses the selection and use of fly larvae (maggots) in modern maggot therapy. Specifically, it focuses on using maggot secretions from Lucilia sericata fly larvae to clean wounds through debridement and promote healing through their antimicrobial properties.
This document provides a summary of a scientific article about maggot therapy. It discusses:
1) The history of maggot therapy and its rise and fall with the introduction of antibiotics.
2) The selection of the common green bottle fly (Phaenicia sericata) for use in maggot therapy due to its ability to feed on necrotic tissue without damaging healthy tissue.
3) How maggot therapy works through the secretion of digestive enzymes by maggots that debride and cleanse wounds, along with their mechanical removal of debris through movement in the wound.
Pathogenic bacteria associated with different categories of foodTatjana Marcenkova
This document summarizes a workshop on determining food product shelf life that was held in Beirut, Lebanon. It discusses various microbial hazards associated with different categories of food products, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, mycotoxins, and parasites. It provides examples of common foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter and discusses their infectious doses and heat stability. Detection methods for foodborne pathogens like culture techniques, immunological techniques, and molecular techniques are also summarized.
Dr. Cyril Gay - Alternatives to AntibioticsJohn Blue
Alternatives to Antibiotics - Dr. Cyril Gay, Senior National Program Manager, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), from the 2017 NIAA Annual Conference, U.S. Animal Agriculture's Future Role In World Food Production - Obstacles & Opportunities, April 4 - 6, Columbus, OH, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2017_niaa_us_animal_ag_future_role_world_food_production
The Pathogenic Yeast Research Group at the University of the Free State focuses on understanding the roles of bioactive lipids in yeast infections. Dr. Carolina Pohl's research examines how lipids like prostaglandins modulate host immunity and yeast virulence. Her work has shown that some yeast lipids mimic host signals to induce inflammation or change yeast structure. The group also studies multi-species biofilms and the oxylipins they produce. Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis is a potential treatment approach, and the group aims to identify unique yeast enzyme targets for new antifungals.
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms too small to be seen with the naked eye, including bacteria, algae, protozoa, fungi, parasitic worms, and viruses. It has many branches including bacteriology, mycology, immunology, virology, parasitology, and recombinant DNA technology. Microorganisms play important roles in maintaining environmental balance, forming the basis of the food chain, fixing nitrogen, performing photosynthesis, and aiding digestion. They are also used in genetic engineering, producing chemicals, recycling sewage, bioremediation, controlling pests, and producing food and medicines.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
AND ITS APPLICATION TO VETERINARY SCIENCE
Carlos G. Borroto
Deputy Director, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba1
A questionnaire was sent to the 29 Member Countries of the OIE Regional Commission
for the Americas and information and comments were received from the Delegates of 21 Member
Countries. The questionnaire covered aspects relating to the application of biotechnology to
animal health, especially prevention-related issues, including: the development and production of
medicinal products and vaccines; the use of metabolic modifiers, probiotics and prebiotics;
advanced veterinary diagnostic methods; immunocastration and other applications. The
questionnaire also covered the aspects of regulations and public perceptions.
The report analyses the situation in the countries of the region in relation to the state of the art in
these technologies worldwide, revealing that modern biotechnology-based technologies offer huge
potential for the production of vaccines, medicinal products and other veterinary products.
The development and use of these technologies is concentrated in a few countries of the region,
while in others they are still not in widespread use. This creates the need to publicise and provide
training in these technologies, for which suitable development conditions exist in a number of
countries in the region. It is also necessary to foster the establishment of a comprehensive and
effective regulatory framework for the safe use of these technologies from the dual standpoint of
biosafety and of the regulations established in the veterinary register. All the countries of the
region consider that it is important for the OIE to issue additional standards for the production of
veterinary products using modern biotechnology.
This document discusses superbugs and antibiotic resistance. It defines superbugs as bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. It describes the NDM-1 gene, which confers resistance to carbapenems, and notes it was first identified in India in 2010. The document outlines the main mechanisms by which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance, including drug modification, altered target sites, and efflux pumps. It lists overuse and misuse of antibiotics as key causes of rising superbug infections globally.
Superbugs-Mechanisms, Control & UtilizationNoor Ain
This document discusses superbugs and their mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. It describes how bacteria can acquire innate or acquired resistance. Acquired resistance occurs through chromosomal mutations or gene transfer between strains. Common resistance mechanisms include modification or inactivation of antibiotics, target site modification, and efflux pumps. The document also discusses potential ways to combat superbugs, such as using nanoshuttles or antimicrobial peptides, as well as potential applications of superbugs in bioremediation and fuel cells.
R. Villano - Colophon libro “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, Raimondo Villano
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
This document provides a historical overview of integrated pest management (IPM) from its origins in the late 1800s through the late 20th century. It discusses how early crop protection specialists relied on pest biology and cultural practices before pesticides were widely available. It then describes how the development of synthetic pesticides in the 1940s shifted the focus to chemical control alone, leading to problems. Integrated control was first proposed in the 1950s as a way to combine biological and chemical control methods to minimize pesticide risks. Pest management became a related concept in the 1960s that emphasized managing pest populations rather than outright control. The document focuses on the history within entomology but acknowledges contributions from other fields like plant pathology and weed science.
11. political and regulatory aspects of veterinary antibiotics use in europeMerial EMEA
This document discusses the political and regulatory aspects of veterinary antibiotic use in Europe. It covers topics such as antibiotic resistance monitoring, responsible antibiotic use, and volumes and distribution of antibiotics. It notes that antibiotic resistance is an ongoing issue requiring measures like prudent antibiotic use, alternative disease prevention methods, and harmonized surveillance. The document advocates collecting antibiotic usage data and promoting responsible use frameworks as important parts of addressing antibiotic resistance in both animals and humans.
This document discusses the role of antibiotics in animal feed and the development of antibiotic resistance. It notes that antibiotic resistance first emerged as an intrinsic property in some bacteria and later developed through selective pressure from antibiotic exposure. The routine use of antibiotics as growth promoters in food animals is identified as a serious public health issue as it can create a reservoir of resistant bacteria that spread to humans. The document argues that antibiotics should not be used as growth promoters and only be used prudently for therapy and prophylaxis to minimize resistance. Adopting principles like restricting antibiotics critical for human medicine and minimizing prophylactic use could substantially reduce unnecessary antibiotic resistance.
Plant Biosecurity develops quarantine policies to protect plant health from exotic pests based on national and international obligations. The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) aims to prevent the spread and introduction of plant pests through coordinated action. Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) identifies, assesses, and manages risks posed by quarantine pests to determine appropriate phytosanitary measures. The PRA process involves initiation, pest risk assessment, and pest risk management stages. Risk assessment evaluates the probability of entry, establishment, and spread of pests, as well as potential economic consequences. Risk management identifies, evaluates, and selects options to reduce risks to an acceptable level.
Integrated pest management (IPM) is defined in multiple ways across 1950-1989:
1) IPM combines biological and chemical control methods to keep pest populations below economic thresholds, using chemicals only when necessary.
2) Later definitions emphasize using all suitable techniques in a compatible way to reduce pest damage through understanding pest life cycles and population dynamics.
3) By the 1980s, IPM is defined as the coordinated use of multiple control tactics to maintain acceptable pest levels while minimizing environmental and human risks.
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa and viruses. Some key branches of microbiology include bacteriology, mycology, protozoology, and immunology. Applied areas of microbiology include medical microbiology, pharmaceutical microbiology, industrial microbiology and microbial biotechnology. Microbiology has many applications including antibiotic production, enzyme and vaccine production, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, treatment of industrial waste, sterile product preparation, sterilization, identification of microorganisms, and testing of pharmaceuticals.
Please find the power point on Antimicrobial resistance. I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
This document discusses pest risk analysis (PRA) which is a process used to evaluate biological evidence to determine if an organism is a pest and what phytosanitary measures should be taken. It outlines the key steps in a PRA including pest risk initiation, pest risk assessment, and pest risk management. Examples are provided of potential pest pathways like cuttings, foliage, and food produce. The document also defines what constitutes pest establishment and spread. Overall, the PRA process determines the risk level and whether measures are needed to make the risk acceptable for market access of agricultural products to other countries.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) by TS- Shiven R. TrambadiaSHIVENPATEL10
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This presentation is on "Integrated Pest Management", in which I've included 1) What is IPM?, 2)History, 3)Principles and 4)Applications of IPM.
Note:- Any part (text, photo, picture, clip-art, video, images etc.) included in this presentation are mostly correct according to the author of this presentation. Moreover any part (text, photo, picture, clip-art, video, images etc.) of this presentation, if includes your / from your related resource, is just a matter of coincidence.
This presentation about legal measures of insect pest management in Nepal. This presentation try to elaborate the mandate of Nepal Government for controlling insect pest .
This document discusses the history and mechanisms of maggot therapy. It begins by outlining the long history of using maggot therapy to treat chronic wounds, dating back to the 16th century. However, maggot therapy fell out of favor with the widespread adoption of antibiotics in the 1940s. The document then discusses the selection and use of fly larvae (maggots) in modern maggot therapy. Specifically, it focuses on using maggot secretions from Lucilia sericata fly larvae to clean wounds through debridement and promote healing through their antimicrobial properties.
This document provides a summary of a scientific article about maggot therapy. It discusses:
1) The history of maggot therapy and its rise and fall with the introduction of antibiotics.
2) The selection of the common green bottle fly (Phaenicia sericata) for use in maggot therapy due to its ability to feed on necrotic tissue without damaging healthy tissue.
3) How maggot therapy works through the secretion of digestive enzymes by maggots that debride and cleanse wounds, along with their mechanical removal of debris through movement in the wound.
Pathogenic bacteria associated with different categories of foodTatjana Marcenkova
This document summarizes a workshop on determining food product shelf life that was held in Beirut, Lebanon. It discusses various microbial hazards associated with different categories of food products, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, mycotoxins, and parasites. It provides examples of common foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter and discusses their infectious doses and heat stability. Detection methods for foodborne pathogens like culture techniques, immunological techniques, and molecular techniques are also summarized.
Dr. Cyril Gay - Alternatives to AntibioticsJohn Blue
Alternatives to Antibiotics - Dr. Cyril Gay, Senior National Program Manager, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), from the 2017 NIAA Annual Conference, U.S. Animal Agriculture's Future Role In World Food Production - Obstacles & Opportunities, April 4 - 6, Columbus, OH, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2017_niaa_us_animal_ag_future_role_world_food_production
The Pathogenic Yeast Research Group at the University of the Free State focuses on understanding the roles of bioactive lipids in yeast infections. Dr. Carolina Pohl's research examines how lipids like prostaglandins modulate host immunity and yeast virulence. Her work has shown that some yeast lipids mimic host signals to induce inflammation or change yeast structure. The group also studies multi-species biofilms and the oxylipins they produce. Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis is a potential treatment approach, and the group aims to identify unique yeast enzyme targets for new antifungals.
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms too small to be seen with the naked eye, including bacteria, algae, protozoa, fungi, parasitic worms, and viruses. It has many branches including bacteriology, mycology, immunology, virology, parasitology, and recombinant DNA technology. Microorganisms play important roles in maintaining environmental balance, forming the basis of the food chain, fixing nitrogen, performing photosynthesis, and aiding digestion. They are also used in genetic engineering, producing chemicals, recycling sewage, bioremediation, controlling pests, and producing food and medicines.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
AND ITS APPLICATION TO VETERINARY SCIENCE
Carlos G. Borroto
Deputy Director, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba1
A questionnaire was sent to the 29 Member Countries of the OIE Regional Commission
for the Americas and information and comments were received from the Delegates of 21 Member
Countries. The questionnaire covered aspects relating to the application of biotechnology to
animal health, especially prevention-related issues, including: the development and production of
medicinal products and vaccines; the use of metabolic modifiers, probiotics and prebiotics;
advanced veterinary diagnostic methods; immunocastration and other applications. The
questionnaire also covered the aspects of regulations and public perceptions.
The report analyses the situation in the countries of the region in relation to the state of the art in
these technologies worldwide, revealing that modern biotechnology-based technologies offer huge
potential for the production of vaccines, medicinal products and other veterinary products.
The development and use of these technologies is concentrated in a few countries of the region,
while in others they are still not in widespread use. This creates the need to publicise and provide
training in these technologies, for which suitable development conditions exist in a number of
countries in the region. It is also necessary to foster the establishment of a comprehensive and
effective regulatory framework for the safe use of these technologies from the dual standpoint of
biosafety and of the regulations established in the veterinary register. All the countries of the
region consider that it is important for the OIE to issue additional standards for the production of
veterinary products using modern biotechnology.
This document discusses superbugs and antibiotic resistance. It defines superbugs as bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. It describes the NDM-1 gene, which confers resistance to carbapenems, and notes it was first identified in India in 2010. The document outlines the main mechanisms by which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance, including drug modification, altered target sites, and efflux pumps. It lists overuse and misuse of antibiotics as key causes of rising superbug infections globally.
Superbugs-Mechanisms, Control & UtilizationNoor Ain
This document discusses superbugs and their mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. It describes how bacteria can acquire innate or acquired resistance. Acquired resistance occurs through chromosomal mutations or gene transfer between strains. Common resistance mechanisms include modification or inactivation of antibiotics, target site modification, and efflux pumps. The document also discusses potential ways to combat superbugs, such as using nanoshuttles or antimicrobial peptides, as well as potential applications of superbugs in bioremediation and fuel cells.
This document discusses the growing threat of antibiotic resistance and defines various levels of drug-resistant bacteria, known as "superbugs." It provides data from the CDC on illnesses and deaths in the US caused by antibiotic resistance. Certain drug-resistant bacteria are categorized as "urgent threats" or "serious threats" based on their impact. While new antibiotics are lacking, photodynamic therapy may be useful for treating certain drug-resistant infections affecting the skin, wounds, or resulting from medical procedures. The document emphasizes that misuse of antibiotics and spread of resistant bacteria are major factors contributing to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance worldwide.
Superbugs and the role of diagnostics explainedMedTech Europe
Realising the role of in vitro diagnostics in tackling antibiotic resistance, the European Diagnostic Manufacturers Association (EDMA) in conjunction with AdvamedDx and GMTA hosted a side-event at the WHO’s World Health Assembly “The Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance: Are Diagnostics Winning?” The event identified existing gaps in tackling AMR while highlighting the role of diagnostics.
So what is the role of diagnostics in antibiotic resistance? Are diagnostics winning? Learn more from the Superbugs series: http://medtechviews.eu/article/superbugs-and-role-diagnostics-explained
This document discusses envisioned disasters from antibiotic-resistant superbugs and proposes potential treatments. The author suggests developing biotherapy to use microbes to eliminate superbugs and suppressants to stop superbugs from acquiring DNA from other bacteria. Large financial support is needed for research, but breakthroughs may take decades during which many could die from superbug infections. Prevention through prudent antibiotic use and hygiene could help control superbugs until more effective treatments are found.
R. Villano - Antibioticoresistenza (2 ediz. p.te 4)Raimondo Villano
54. R. Villano “Antibioticoresistenza”. Si tracciano cenni storici sul concetto di antibiosi, su ricerche, scoperta e produzione degli antibiotici e sul loro ruolo mondiale non solo terapeutico ma anche strategico dal secondo dopoguerra. Poi, si esaminano a livello nazionale ed internazionale: le problematiche inerenti consumo, uso improprio e abuso di antibiotici nell’uomo, in zootecnia, agricoltura e, quindi, nel ciclo alimentare e nell’ambiente; le politiche di contrasto al fenomeno dell’iperprescrizione e nei cittadini il grado di informazione e consapevolezza dei rischi; le linee guida di buona prassi comportamentale del malato; i documenti principali di lotta a tale emergenza. Si effettuano, inoltre, una rassegna analitica e un approfondimento su alcune super patologie (tubercolosi, gonorrea, meningite, ecc.) e sulle resistenze batteriche ai principali antibiotici. Si realizzano, infine, una ricognizione sull’attualità delle tecnologie e degli indirizzi di ricerca applicata e una rassegna sulle principali recenti nuove terapie. Chiude il lavoro un’appendice tecnica contenente un apparato essenziale di normative e direttive ministeriali italiane e comunitarie europee sul tema. È in diverse istituzioni scientifiche, storiche, professionali e in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; Scienze Mediche e farmaceutiche Sede di Medicina Università di Genova; Dipartimento di Scienze farmaceutiche Università di Padova; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis; nazionali: Napoli, Roma, Firenze, Potenza; Malatestiana di Cesena. (Chiron, ISBN 978-88-97303-25-1, CDD 303 VIL mus 2015, LCC DG461-583.8, Roma, pp. 164, Prima Edizione maggio 2015; Prima Ristampa giugno 2015; Seconda Edizione luglio 2015);
R. Villano - Antibioticoresistenza (2 ediz. p.te 5)Raimondo Villano
54. R. Villano “Antibioticoresistenza”. Si tracciano cenni storici sul concetto di antibiosi, su ricerche, scoperta e produzione degli antibiotici e sul loro ruolo mondiale non solo terapeutico ma anche strategico dal secondo dopoguerra. Poi, si esaminano a livello nazionale ed internazionale: le problematiche inerenti consumo, uso improprio e abuso di antibiotici nell’uomo, in zootecnia, agricoltura e, quindi, nel ciclo alimentare e nell’ambiente; le politiche di contrasto al fenomeno dell’iperprescrizione e nei cittadini il grado di informazione e consapevolezza dei rischi; le linee guida di buona prassi comportamentale del malato; i documenti principali di lotta a tale emergenza. Si effettuano, inoltre, una rassegna analitica e un approfondimento su alcune super patologie (tubercolosi, gonorrea, meningite, ecc.) e sulle resistenze batteriche ai principali antibiotici. Si realizzano, infine, una ricognizione sull’attualità delle tecnologie e degli indirizzi di ricerca applicata e una rassegna sulle principali recenti nuove terapie. Chiude il lavoro un’appendice tecnica contenente un apparato essenziale di normative e direttive ministeriali italiane e comunitarie europee sul tema. È in diverse istituzioni scientifiche, storiche, professionali e in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; Scienze Mediche e farmaceutiche Sede di Medicina Università di Genova; Dipartimento di Scienze farmaceutiche Università di Padova; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis; nazionali: Napoli, Roma, Firenze, Potenza; Malatestiana di Cesena. (Chiron, ISBN 978-88-97303-25-1, CDD 303 VIL mus 2015, LCC DG461-583.8, Roma, pp. 164, Prima Edizione maggio 2015; Prima Ristampa giugno 2015; Seconda Edizione luglio 2015);
R. Villano - S.M. Ordine di Malta: strutture ed entiRaimondo Villano
24. R. Villano “Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum. Storia, spiritualità e sovranità nelle tradizioni e nella modernità del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta” con presentazione di Mons. Prof. Raffaele Ferriero, Penitenziere del Duomo di Napoli e Rettore della Chiesa di San Ferdinando di Napoli; con il patrocinio dell’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e di Chiron dpt Hystart. Secondo S.E. Ven. Balì Gran Croce di Giustizia Fra’ Franz VON LOBSTEIN, già Gran Priore di Roma e Membro del Sovrano Consiglio del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta, “il libro si distingue per approfondita informazione e scorrevolezza di esposizione”. Apprezzato da numerose Autorità civili, religiose e melitensi, tra cui: il Capo dello Stato, il Santo Padre, S.A. E.ma il Principe e Gran Maestro del SMOM, vari regnanti d’Europa e Alti Prelati. È in varie prestigiose istituzioni governative, scientifiche, storiche, professionali, in molti Istituti Italiani di Cultura, in diverse istituzioni religiose, pontificie e vaticane, in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Quirinale; Città del Vaticano; Biblioteca Magistrale del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta; Casa de la Zarzuela, Madrid-Spagna; Residenza dell’Arciduca del Lussemburgo; Palazzo Reale di Alberto II del Belgio; Palais du Prince de Monaco-Montecarlo; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Centrale Giuridica-Roma; Braidense-Milano. (Digitall, pag. 335, 1^ edizione feb 2008; 2^ ed. Pergamena, mar 2008; 3^ ed., pag. 360, Pergamena, dic 2008; 4^ ed., ISBN 978-88-904235-43, LCC DG 831, CDD 900 VIL tui 2008, pp. 390, Pergamena, ott 2009);
R. Villano - Storia Ordine di Malta: periodo di transizioneRaimondo Villano
24. R. Villano “Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum. Storia, spiritualità e sovranità nelle tradizioni e nella modernità del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta” con presentazione di Mons. Prof. Raffaele Ferriero, Penitenziere del Duomo di Napoli e Rettore della Chiesa di San Ferdinando di Napoli; con il patrocinio dell’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e di Chiron dpt Hystart. Secondo S.E. Ven. Balì Gran Croce di Giustizia Fra’ Franz VON LOBSTEIN, già Gran Priore di Roma e Membro del Sovrano Consiglio del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta, “il libro si distingue per approfondita informazione e scorrevolezza di esposizione”. Apprezzato da numerose Autorità civili, religiose e melitensi, tra cui: il Capo dello Stato, il Santo Padre, S.A. E.ma il Principe e Gran Maestro del SMOM, vari regnanti d’Europa e Alti Prelati. È in varie prestigiose istituzioni governative, scientifiche, storiche, professionali, in molti Istituti Italiani di Cultura, in diverse istituzioni religiose, pontificie e vaticane, in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Città del Vaticano; Casa de la Zarzuela, Madrid-Spagna. (Digitall, pag. 335, 1^ edizione feb 2008; 2^ ed. Pergamena, mar 2008; 3^ ed., pag. 360, Pergamena, dic 2008; 4^ ed., ISBN 978-88-904235-43, LCC DG 831, CDD 900 VIL tui 2008, pp. 390, Pergamena, ott 2009);
R. Villano - S. M. Ordine di Malta: attività diplomaticaRaimondo Villano
24. R. Villano “Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum. Storia, spiritualità e sovranità nelle tradizioni e nella modernità del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta” con presentazione di Mons. Prof. Raffaele Ferriero, Penitenziere del Duomo di Napoli e Rettore della Chiesa di San Ferdinando di Napoli; con il patrocinio dell’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e di Chiron dpt Hystart. Secondo S.E. Ven. Balì Gran Croce di Giustizia Fra’ Franz VON LOBSTEIN, già Gran Priore di Roma e Membro del Sovrano Consiglio del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta, “il libro si distingue per approfondita informazione e scorrevolezza di esposizione”. Apprezzato da numerose Autorità civili, religiose e melitensi, tra cui: il Capo dello Stato, il Santo Padre, S.A. E.ma il Principe e Gran Maestro del SMOM, vari regnanti d’Europa e Alti Prelati. È in varie prestigiose istituzioni governative, scientifiche, storiche, professionali, in molti Istituti Italiani di Cultura, in diverse istituzioni religiose, pontificie e vaticane, in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Quirinale; Città del Vaticano; Biblioteca Magistrale del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta; Casa de la Zarzuela, Madrid-Spagna; Residenza dell’Arciduca del Lussemburgo; Palazzo Reale di Alberto II del Belgio; Palais du Prince de Monaco-Montecarlo; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Centrale Giuridica-Roma; Braidense-Milano. (Digitall, pag. 335, 1^ edizione feb 2008; 2^ ed. Pergamena, mar 2008; 3^ ed., pag. 360, Pergamena, dic 2008; 4^ ed., ISBN 978-88-904235-43, LCC DG 831, CDD 900 VIL tui 2008, pp. 390, Pergamena, ott 2009);
47. R. Villano “La soggezione dell’Ospedale SS. Annunziata di Sulmona ai Fra’ del Priorato di Capua dell’Ordine dei Gerosolimitani”. È in diverse istituzioni storiche e in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; nazionali: Napoli, Roma, Firenze;Regionale Universitaria di Messina. Chiron, CDD 945 VIL sog 2013, LCC CB440-482, Roma, pp. 40, luglio 2013;
R. VILLANO - Meridiani farmaceutici 3^ edizione - Religione (parte 5) Raimondo Villano
Libro vincitore della LXV edizione del Premio nazionale Fondazione Elide Stramezzi dell’A.S.A.S.-Mi.B.A.C., conferito in quanto contributo per l’assunzione di “consapevolezza di una elevata cultura di vita per portare avanti con coraggio una professione tesa ai più alti valori umani e cristiani” (Roma, 22 nov 2007); patrocinato da: Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e Chiron Foundation; presentazione del MD, PhD Giulio Tarro (Chiron, Ed. MBE, ISBN, pp. 398, giu 2009.
R. Villano - Antibioticoresistenza 2 ediz. (p.te 8)Raimondo Villano
54. R. Villano “Antibioticoresistenza”. Si tracciano cenni storici sul concetto di antibiosi, su ricerche, scoperta e produzione degli antibiotici e sul loro ruolo mondiale non solo terapeutico ma anche strategico dal secondo dopoguerra. Poi, si esaminano a livello nazionale ed internazionale: le problematiche inerenti consumo, uso improprio e abuso di antibiotici nell’uomo, in zootecnia, agricoltura e, quindi, nel ciclo alimentare e nell’ambiente; le politiche di contrasto al fenomeno dell’iperprescrizione e nei cittadini il grado di informazione e consapevolezza dei rischi; le linee guida di buona prassi comportamentale del malato; i documenti principali di lotta a tale emergenza. Si effettuano, inoltre, una rassegna analitica e un approfondimento su alcune super patologie (tubercolosi, gonorrea, meningite, ecc.) e sulle resistenze batteriche ai principali antibiotici. Si realizzano, infine, una ricognizione sull’attualità delle tecnologie e degli indirizzi di ricerca applicata e una rassegna sulle principali recenti nuove terapie. Chiude il lavoro un’appendice tecnica contenente un apparato essenziale di normative e direttive ministeriali italiane e comunitarie europee sul tema. È in diverse istituzioni scientifiche, storiche, professionali e in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero. (Chiron, ISBN 978-88-97303-25-1, CDD 303 VIL mus 2015, LCC DG461-583.8, Prima Edizione, pp. 164, Napoli, maggio 2015; Prima Ristampa giugno 2015; Seconda Edizione ISBN 978-97303-26-8, CDD 770 VIL fot 2014 it , LCC NXI-820, pp. 256, Roma, luglio 2015);
R. VILLANO - COLOPHON Libro Storia della Farmacia (EN)Raimondo Villano
4. R. Villano “Elements of art and history of pharmacy” presentations of Prof. Dr. François Ledermann (President International Society for the History of Pharmacyand of Prof. Antonio Carosella (Past District Governor of Rotary International 2100-Italy) - Published by Chiron, ISBN 978-88-97303-02-2, CDD 615 VIL ele 2011, LCC R131-687, p.. 210 (Naples, February 2011);
R. Villano - Colophon libro farmacopee regno na (it en)Raimondo Villano
COLOPHON (IT & EN) of book “Pharmacopoeias from the Ducky of Naples to Kingdom of the Two Sicilies” - Work in the Study Group Pharmacopoeias - International Society for the History of Pharmacy ISHP (Berna, Switzerland) directed by Prof. Dr. François Ledermann (President Em. ISHP) and supported by: Italian Academy for the History of Pharmacy (Piacenza, Italia); Institut for the History of Pharmacy at the University of Berna (Berna, Switzerland); International Society for the History of Pharmacy ISHP (Vienna, Austria) - Chiron, CDD 615 VIL pha 2013, LCC DG 831, p. 34, April 2013.
R. Villano - Antibioticoresistenza (2 ediz. p.te 4)Raimondo Villano
54. R. Villano “Antibioticoresistenza”. Si tracciano cenni storici sul concetto di antibiosi, su ricerche, scoperta e produzione degli antibiotici e sul loro ruolo mondiale non solo terapeutico ma anche strategico dal secondo dopoguerra. Poi, si esaminano a livello nazionale ed internazionale: le problematiche inerenti consumo, uso improprio e abuso di antibiotici nell’uomo, in zootecnia, agricoltura e, quindi, nel ciclo alimentare e nell’ambiente; le politiche di contrasto al fenomeno dell’iperprescrizione e nei cittadini il grado di informazione e consapevolezza dei rischi; le linee guida di buona prassi comportamentale del malato; i documenti principali di lotta a tale emergenza. Si effettuano, inoltre, una rassegna analitica e un approfondimento su alcune super patologie (tubercolosi, gonorrea, meningite, ecc.) e sulle resistenze batteriche ai principali antibiotici. Si realizzano, infine, una ricognizione sull’attualità delle tecnologie e degli indirizzi di ricerca applicata e una rassegna sulle principali recenti nuove terapie. Chiude il lavoro un’appendice tecnica contenente un apparato essenziale di normative e direttive ministeriali italiane e comunitarie europee sul tema. È in diverse istituzioni scientifiche, storiche, professionali e in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; Scienze Mediche e farmaceutiche Sede di Medicina Università di Genova; Dipartimento di Scienze farmaceutiche Università di Padova; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis; nazionali: Napoli, Roma, Firenze, Potenza; Malatestiana di Cesena. (Chiron, ISBN 978-88-97303-25-1, CDD 303 VIL mus 2015, LCC DG461-583.8, Roma, pp. 164, Prima Edizione maggio 2015; Prima Ristampa giugno 2015; Seconda Edizione luglio 2015);
Colophon libro di R. Villano "Superbugs & Superdrugs"Raimondo Villano
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs: issues and contrast of antibioticRaimondo Villano
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, isbn 9788897303282, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256)
R. Villano-Superbugs & superdrugs-Look back at some super diseasesRaimondo Villano
This document discusses several super diseases that are becoming a challenge for public health due to rising antibiotic resistance and decreasing treatment options. It focuses on tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, and pneumococcal disease. For each disease, it provides statistics on global prevalence and impact. It also discusses the rise of multidrug-resistant strains of each disease. The document emphasizes the need for improved surveillance, diagnostic tools, treatment protocols, vaccination strategies, and new antibiotics to effectively tackle these super diseases.
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs: major resistance to antibioticsRaimondo Villano
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs - Council Recommendation on patient safe...Raimondo Villano
This document provides a summary of a Council Recommendation on patient safety and the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections. It discusses how 8-12% of hospitalized patients in EU member states suffer adverse events during healthcare. It estimates 4.1 million healthcare-associated infections per year resulting in 37,000 deaths. The recommendation aims to improve patient safety by establishing reporting systems, training healthcare workers, developing common safety definitions and indicators, and sharing best practices between member states. It specifically recommends developing national strategies to prevent and control healthcare-associated infections by strengthening surveillance systems and allocating resources. The document defines key terms and recommends various actions member states can take to promote patient safety.
Microbiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fitBiomed Fit
Microorganism is the general term for all tiny microorganisms that are invisible or invisible to the naked eye. The structure is relatively simple, the individual is small (generally <0.1mm), and can be divided into prokaryotes, eukaryotes and non-cells according to their evolution level and traits
The process of human understanding of microorganisms
The hard-to-understand microbial world
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics amongst Nigerians.docxEdwinOkon1
The document discusses the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in Nigeria and the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. It summarizes how antibiotics revolutionized medicine but are now facing resistance due to overuse and misuse. Specifically, it notes that many Nigerians engage in self-diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics, abuse antibiotics for minor issues like diarrhea, and do not complete full treatment courses. This antibiotic misuse has led to increased resistance in bacteria like MRSA. The document calls for public education campaigns and limits on antibiotic sales to curb further resistance, which could enable new pandemics of resistant bacterial infections.
Intensive care units are considered epicenters of antibiotic resistance due to the frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for critically ill patients, close proximity of patients allowing transmission of resistant bacteria, and presence of chronically ill patients who may harbor resistant bacteria. The overuse of antibiotics in ICUs places significant selective pressure on bacteria to develop resistance. Infections caused by resistant bacteria in ICUs have major impacts on patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Strategies to reduce the emergence and transmission of resistant bacteria in ICUs include minimizing antibiotic use through improved prescribing and surveillance of resistance patterns, implementing strict infection control measures, and optimizing antibiotic therapy based on culture results.
The document discusses measuring public attitudes toward antibiotic use and resistance. It notes that inappropriate antibiotic use by the public has contributed to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Psychosocial factors like knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes toward antibiotic use are closely related to misuse. The document proposes two studies: 1) A review of existing instruments for measuring public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to antibiotic use and resistance. 2) Qualitative work including interviews to develop preliminary questionnaire items to comprehensively measure these constructs in the public. The goal is to reliably measure the public's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors to help address the issue of antimicrobial resistance.
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health today. When bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, common infections become harder to treat and even deadly. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics is accelerating this problem. Urgent action is needed across all sectors including changes in how antibiotics are prescribed and used by individuals, farmers, health systems and policymakers to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics and reduce the spread of resistant infections. The WHO has created a global action plan with initiatives to improve awareness, surveillance, infection prevention and optimize antibiotic use to tackle this growing public health crisis.
B sc biotech i fob unit 1 introduction to biotechnologyRai University
This document provides an overview of biotechnology. It defines biotechnology as using living organisms to make useful products. Biotechnology draws on fields like microbiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. It has applications in healthcare, agriculture, industry, and the environment. The document also discusses biosafety considerations and ensuring public acceptance of biotechnology applications.
US National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant BacteriaDr Dev Kambhampati
This document outlines a national strategy for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the United States. It identifies 5 goals: 1) slow the development and spread of resistant bacteria, 2) strengthen national surveillance efforts using a "One Health" approach, 3) advance diagnostic tests to identify resistant bacteria, 4) accelerate research on new antibiotics and therapies, and 5) improve international collaboration. It discusses the threat antibiotic resistance poses and the need for a coordinated response across human, animal, agricultural, and environmental sectors. The strategy provides objectives and targets to reduce serious antibiotic-resistant threats by 2020 through implementing measures across these goals.
Global Medical Cures™ | National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant ...Global Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
This document summarizes an article that discusses the global crisis of antibiotic resistance. It describes how antibiotic resistance is an ancient phenomenon, but has become a major public health issue due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both human medicine and agricultural settings. The article discusses the discovery and early successes of antibiotics, but how resistance emerged soon after their widespread use. It notes the lack of new antibiotic development and the rise of multidrug resistant bacteria as major drivers of the current crisis. The economic and human impacts of antibiotic resistance are also summarized.
a research presentation done by Augustine Mwaawaaru Level 400) and Matthew Frimpong Antwi (Level 300) students of( Presbyterian University College-Ghana on Antimicrobial resistance and the way foeward in Ghana. contact 0261825262
R. Villano - Pharmaceutical safety & quality short twentieth century'Raimondo Villano
Conference by Ordinary Academic A.I.S.F. Raimondo Villano (Saturday, June 8, 2013 - Morning Session - Communications on any subject) in the National Congress of Italian Academy of the History of Pharmacy AISF (Trento, White Gallery Piedicastello, 7/9 June 2013) Under the Patronage of: History Museum Foundation of Trento, Italian Federation of Pharmacists Orders, Unifarco for Culture, Unifarm; Chiron, CDD 230 VIL ele 2013, LCC CB3-482, pp. 44, Rome, June 2013;
(27 10-2021)evaluacióndelconocimientodelosestudiantesbiosanitariossobrelaresi...UDMAFyC SECTOR ZARAGOZA II
Existen múltiples estudios y artículos que abordan el tema de las resistencias antimicrobianas y sus interacciones a nivel humano. Sin embargo, presenta un grado de conciencia social y política muy inferior al necesario. Por ello, es preciso realizar una investigación que analice los conocimientos de aquellas partes implicadas en el proceso de prescripción, administración y consumo de antibióticos.
Awareness Session On Antimicrobial resistance “Antimicrobials: Spread Awaren...Nimra zaman
The World Antimicrobial Awareness Week (WAAW) was introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) to increase global awareness of antimicrobial resistance.
The WAAW takes place every year from 18-24th of November.
The theme of World Antimicrobial Awareness Week (WAAW) 2021 is ‘Spread Awareness, Stop Resistance’.
During this week best practices are shared among the general public, health workers and policy makers to show the importance of stopping the further emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance.
The document discusses the growing problem of antibiotic resistance due to misuse and overuse of antibiotics. It provides several examples of misuse, including not taking the full antibiotic course, sharing antibiotics, and using leftover antibiotics. The document recommends implementing antibiotic drop-off boxes in pharmacies to safely dispose of unused antibiotics and help educate the public about appropriate antibiotic use and disposal. The drop-off boxes would be funded by drug companies to help reduce overconsumption and antibiotic resistance. Surveys found younger people had less understanding of antibiotic use than older people, highlighting the need for doctors to clearly explain appropriate use and disposal. Overall the document advocates for better antibiotic stewardship through safe disposal programs and patient education to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics.
Similar to R. VILLANO - SUPERBUGS & SUPERDRUGS p.te 5 Technologies and research directions (20)
Villano - Cenni su aspetti sociosanitari di rilievo degli anni ‘70 del ‘900Raimondo Villano
ABS. DA :
R. Villano “Uomo - Malattia - Cura: storia, analisi e profili evolutivi”. Nell’incessante attività tra gli estremi della prevenzione dai malanni e della tutela della salute può insinuarsi la malattia, il cui rapporto con l’uomo ha come fulcro dell’azione di contrasto la cura e il farmaco; più in senso lato, la relazione uomo-malattia-cura (e/o tutela-prevenzione) è una relazione tra uomini e civiltà, sintesi di osmosi e baricentrici equilibri di competenze e prospettive tecniche, scientifiche, professionali, politiche, sociali, economiche, culturali e religiose. Attorno a questa triade ruota una galassia di problematiche delle quali si cerca in questo volume di delinearne le principali, beninteso senza alcuna velleitaria pretesa di esaustività. Il libro si sviluppa in 9 capitoli, con il 10° di riflessioni conclusive cui segue un apparato di sezioni tecniche dettagliate di ausilio, riferimento e approfondimento specifico.
Villano Thesaurus Pharmacologicus: farmaci del XIX secolo con Regio Permesso ...Raimondo Villano
“Thesaurus Pharmacologicus: medicamenti, rimedi, segreti, strumenti e pratiche speziali”, con il patrocinio di: Pontificia Accademia Tiberina; Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico; Accademia Europea per le Relazioni Economiche e Culturali; con la presentazione del Presidente della Federazione Ordini Farmacisti Italiani Dr. Andrea MANDELLI che, tra l’altro, afferma: “redatto con la tenacia del ricercatore, il gusto del bibliofilo e la mano sicura del farmacista. Con il merito della divulgazione delle origini della farmacologia, un merito da poco, in un’epoca che tende ad appiattire le discipline scientifiche in una sorta di eterno presente, nascondendone il faticoso divenire nell’arco dei secoli. In questo senso, il Thesaurus Pharmacologicus si inscrive nella giovane tradizione della storia del sapere scientifico, uno dei filoni più interessanti e fecondi della ricerca storica contemporanea”. Vincitore della LXXIV edizione del Premio nazionale Massimo Piccinini per la ricerca storico-scientifica (già assegnato ai massimi Storici Conci e Pedrazzini) conferito il 12 dicembre 2014 a Roma dall’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria-Mi.BACT. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero
R. Villano - S.M. Ordine di Malta - Aspetti nobiliariRaimondo Villano
24. R. Villano “Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum. Storia, spiritualità e sovranità nelle tradizioni e nella modernità del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta” con presentazione di Mons. Prof. Raffaele Ferriero, Penitenziere del Duomo di Napoli e Rettore della Chiesa di San Ferdinando di Napoli; con il patrocinio dell’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e di Chiron dpt Hystart. Secondo S.E. Ven. Balì Gran Croce di Giustizia Fra’ Franz VON LOBSTEIN, già Gran Priore di Roma e Membro del Sovrano Consiglio del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta, “il libro si distingue per approfondita informazione e scorrevolezza di esposizione”. On. Giorgio NAPOLITANO, Presidente della Repubblica: “volume che costituisce un interessante excursus nella storia e nelle tradizioni dell’Ordine melitense”. Apprezzato da numerose altre Autorità civili, religiose e melitensi, tra cui: il Santo Padre, S.A. E.ma il Principe e Gran Maestro del SMOM, vari regnanti d’Europa e Alti Prelati. È in varie prestigiose istituzioni governative, scientifiche, storiche, professionali, in molti Istituti Italiani di Cultura, in diverse istituzioni religiose, pontificie e vaticane, in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Quirinale; Città del Vaticano; Biblioteca Magistrale del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta; Casa de la Zarzuela, Madrid-Spagna; Residenza dell’Arciduca del Lussemburgo; Palazzo Reale di Alberto II del Belgio; Palais du Prince de Monaco-Montecarlo; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Centrale Giuridica-Roma; Braidense-Milano. (Digitall, pag. 335, 1^ edizione feb 2008; 2^ ed. Pergamena, mar 2008; 3^ ed., pag. 360, Pergamena, dic 2008; 4^ ed., ISBN 978-88-904235-43, LCC DG 831, CDD 900 VIL tui 2008, pp. 390, Pergamena, ott 2009);
Il rapporto tra malattia e organi viventi ha come fulcro la cura e il farmaco (e, in tempi recenti, la tutela e la prevenzione); la relazione uomo-malattia-cura (e/o tutela-prevenzione) è una relazione tra uomini e civiltà, sintesi di osmosi e baricentrici equilibri di competenze e prospettive tecniche, scientifiche, professionali, politiche, sociali, economiche, culturali e religiose.
Selezione di fotografie originali e inedite realizzate dal 2013 al 2020, con colonna sonora. L’autore, partendo dalla considerazione di Molière in ‘Anfitrione’ che “le bestie non sono tanto bestie come le considera l’uomo”, giunge a condividere appieno questo pensiero di San Giovanni Paolo II: “c’è nell’uomo un soffio, uno spirito che assomiglia al soffio e allo spirito di Dio. Gli animali non ne sono privi”. I soggetti sono sovente plastici nei riflessi di luce, catturati da un obiettivo introspettivo che sembra scavarne l’intimo intercettando percezioni e, in generale, esaltandone maestosità e dignità nella complessità del creato.(51,2 Mb; 1 file, 85 diapositive), Holding tutorial: Villano International Business Team; Direzione: VIBT Dpt no. 13 - Arte & Cultura; Supervisione: Fondazione Chiron; Realizzazione artistica: Photo Light creative fine art; Coordinamento editoriale: Chiron Edizioni; Elaborazione tecnica: ChironDpt Ph@rma, Roma
Già a partire dal titolo, il libro nasconde in sé una serie di domande fondamentali. La risposta di Villano è audace e serena. L’Autore non è intimorito dal tempo virtuale, che penetrando nella cultura ne condiziona le basi cambiandole e, non di rado, sconvolgendole. In un contesto socio-culturale in cui gradualmente vengono meno le certezze, e con esse anche la speranza, il tentativo di restituire fiducia offerto da Villano incoraggia e apre insperati laboratori di ricerca. Patrocinio della già Pontificia Accademia Tiberina e dell’Accademia Europea per le Relazioni Economiche e Culturali; con presentazione del Rev. Mons. Tomasz TRAFNY, Responsabile del Dipartimento Scienza e Fede del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura e Direttore esecutivo del Progetto STOQ - Science, Theology and the Ontological Quest - che, in collaborazione con le sette Università Pontificie Romane (Lateranense, Gregoriana, Regina Apostolorum, San Tommaso - Angelicum, Santa Croce, Salesiana, Urbaniana), è teso a sviluppare il dialogo fra scienza, filosofia e teologia, al fine di confrontare la visione cristiana del mondo, dell’uomo e della società con le molteplici sfide teoretiche, etiche e culturali che nascono dallo sviluppo della scienza ed è diretto a studenti, scienziati, filosofi e teologi e a quanti siano interessati ad approfondire le basi razionali della propria fede o ad approfondire la possibilità di divenire credenti all’inizio del Terzo Millennio.
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Rotary International District 2100 Italy - Study Group ExchangeRaimondo Villano
Rotary International District 2100 Italy - Study Group Exchange
September 2020
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24075.31527
Conference: SCAMBIO GRUPPI DI STUDIO ROTARIANI
Project: Organizzazioni non governative ONG
Villano - SMOM Granpriorati e Sottopriorati - Presidenti AcismomRaimondo Villano
24. R. Villano “Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum. Storia, spiritualità e sovranità nelle tradizioni e nella modernità del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta” con presentazione di Mons. Prof. Raffaele Ferriero, Penitenziere del Duomo di Napoli e Rettore della Chiesa di San Ferdinando di Napoli; con il patrocinio dell’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e di Chiron dpt Hystart. Secondo S.E. Ven. Balì Gran Croce di Giustizia Fra’ Franz VON LOBSTEIN, già Gran Priore di Roma e Membro del Sovrano Consiglio del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta, “il libro si distingue per approfondita informazione e scorrevolezza di esposizione”. Apprezzato da numerose Autorità civili, religiose e melitensi, tra cui: il Capo dello Stato, il Santo Padre, S.A. E.ma il Principe e Gran Maestro del SMOM, vari regnanti d’Europa e Alti Prelati. È in varie prestigiose istituzioni governative, scientifiche, storiche, professionali, in molti Istituti Italiani di Cultura, in diverse istituzioni religiose, pontificie e vaticane, in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Quirinale; Città del Vaticano; Biblioteca Magistrale del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta; Casa de la Zarzuela, Madrid-Spagna; Residenza dell’Arciduca del Lussemburgo; Palazzo Reale di Alberto II del Belgio; Palais du Prince de Monaco-Montecarlo; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Centrale Giuridica-Roma; Braidense-Milano. (Digitall, pag. 335, 1^ edizione feb 2008; 2^ ed. Pergamena, mar 2008; 3^ ed., pag. 360, Pergamena, dic 2008; 4^ ed., ISBN 978-88-904235-43, LCC DG 831, CDD 900 VIL tui 2008, pp. 390, Pergamena, ott 2009);
Ogni scatto, in effetti, condensa una sorta di plurisemanticità che dal singolo episodio sollecita un’interezza narrativa cui fa riferimento, avvalendosi della capacità della fotografia di introdurre tematiche di carattere emotivo e concettuale passando dalla rappresentazione del reale alla sua interpretazione o al suo coinvolgimento. In particolare, seguendo l’indole narrativa di un linguaggio a tratti esplicito o intuitivo o simbolico, silenzioso per natura ma sovente non disgiunto dalla riflessione filosofica o dalla creazione letteraria, lascio sostanzialmente percepire una sorta di battito ideale di un ‘cuore iconografico’. Non di rado le opere emanano l’aura di questo battito che, in una fluidità narrativa che lega una progenie di contenuti aperti, si unisce all’aura di luce e colore, trasformati in energia che riverbera. In vari momenti le immagini evocano narrazioni in cui il sentimento tocca un’ampia messe di sue forme nella vita quotidiana e si è coinvolti da un pathos dal senso dolente, drammatico, sacrale, la cui forza accompagna lo sguardo sulle immagini, catturate girovagando e scrutando per conoscere e comprendere, in continui toccanti e irripetibili incontri con l’altro e l’altrove. Dunque, lo sforzo complessivo è teso ad un uso del mezzo fotografico come strumento oltre che di partecipazione alla rapida e costante evoluzione della realtà circostante soprattutto di mediazione emotiva e concettuale con la società. Infine con la sintesi dell’autore, audiofilo sin dall’adolescenza, in questa sua opera multimediale la musica non è solo accompagnamento o commento ma anche protagonista insieme all’immagine, tendendo alla sinestesia di una prolungata e profonda contaminazione percettiva, in una poliedrica esperienza: una uditiva musicale, una visiva di contenuti sia iconografici che scoperti o evocati o intuiti con la musica ed una letteraria o concettuale. Non di rado poi la ricerca si cimenta nella selezione di musica che conduce di gradino in gradino dalla bellezza, dalla delicatezza e dall’armonia verso l’eterno e l’infinito, dunque grande musica di dimensione spirituale e dalle potenzialità espressive dell’ineffabile e dell’invisibile al tempo stesso, che peraltro sono l’anima della religione.
13. R. Villano “Manuale sanitario per la terza età”, patrocinio Rotary Club Pompei Oplonti Vesuvio Est. Opera largamente apprezzata e di grande popolarità. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Istituto Culturale Rotariano dei Rotary Club d’Italia-Milano.(Eidos, pp. 114; Pompei, settembre 2000);
25. R. Villano “Thesaurus Pharmacologicus: medicamenti, rimedi, segreti, strumenti e pratiche speziali”, con il patrocinio di: Pontificia Accademia Tiberina; Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico; Accademia Europea per le Relazioni Economiche e Culturali; con la presentazione del Presidente della Federazione Ordini Farmacisti Italiani Dr. Andrea MANDELLI che, tra l’altro, afferma: “redatto con la tenacia del ricercatore, il gusto del bibliofilo e la mano sicura del farmacista. Con il merito della divulgazione delle origini della farmacologia, un merito da poco, in un’epoca che tende ad appiattire le discipline scientifiche in una sorta di eterno presente, nascondendone il faticoso divenire nell’arco dei secoli. In questo senso, il Thesaurus Pharmacologicus si inscrive nella giovane tradizione della storia del sapere scientifico, uno dei filoni più interessanti e fecondi della ricerca storica contemporanea”. Vincitore della LXXIV edizione del Premio nazionale Massimo Piccinini per la ricerca storico-scientifica (già assegnato ai massimi Storici Conci e Pedrazzini) conferito il 12 dicembre 2014 a Roma dall’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria-Mi.BACT. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Soprintendenza Beni architettonici, paesaggistici, storici, artistici ed etnoantropologici per province Caserta e Benevento; Marciana-Venezia; Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; Archivio di Stato-Roma; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis. (Ed. Chiron, ISBN 978-88-904235-05, pp. 115, giugno 2009; Prima ristampa, luglio 2009, pp. 115);
R. Villano - Assistenza sanitaria a cittadini stranieriRaimondo Villano
13. R. Villano “Manuale sanitario per la terza età”, patrocinio Rotary Club Pompei Oplonti Vesuvio Est. Opera largamente apprezzata e di grande popolarità. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Istituto Culturale Rotariano dei Rotary Club d’Italia-Milano.(Eidos, pp. 114; Pompei, settembre 2000);
13. R. Villano “Manuale sanitario per la terza età”, patrocinio Rotary Club Pompei Oplonti Vesuvio Est. Opera largamente apprezzata e di grande popolarità. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Istituto Culturale Rotariano dei Rotary Club d’Italia-Milano.(Eidos, pp. 114; Pompei, settembre 2000);
R. Villano - Thesaurus pharmacologicus: forme spezialiRaimondo Villano
. Villano “Thesaurus Pharmacologicus: medicamenti, rimedi, segreti, strumenti e pratiche speziali”, con il patrocinio di: Pontificia Accademia Tiberina; Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico; Accademia Europea per le Relazioni Economiche e Culturali; con la presentazione del Presidente della Federazione Ordini Farmacisti Italiani Dr. Andrea MANDELLI che, tra l’altro, afferma: “redatto con la tenacia del ricercatore, il gusto del bibliofilo e la mano sicura del farmacista. Con il merito della divulgazione delle origini della farmacologia, un merito da poco, in un’epoca che tende ad appiattire le discipline scientifiche in una sorta di eterno presente, nascondendone il faticoso divenire nell’arco dei secoli. In questo senso, il Thesaurus Pharmacologicus si inscrive nella giovane tradizione della storia del sapere scientifico, uno dei filoni più interessanti e fecondi della ricerca storica contemporanea”. Vincitore della LXXIV edizione del Premio nazionale Massimo Piccinini per la ricerca storico-scientifica (già assegnato ai massimi Storici Conci e Pedrazzini) conferito il 12 dicembre 2014 a Roma dall’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria-Mi.BACT. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Soprintendenza Beni architettonici, paesaggistici, storici, artistici ed etnoantropologici per province Caserta e Benevento; Marciana-Venezia; Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; Archivio di Stato-Roma; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis. (Ed. Chiron, ISBN 978-88-904235-05, pp. 115, giugno 2009; Prima ristampa, luglio 2009, pp. 115);
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
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4. Raimondo Villano
7
Contents index
Sommario 13
Abstract 15
Résumé 17
Abstrakt 19
Abstracto 21
1. A brief history of antibiotics 25
2. Issues and contrast of antibiotic 33
3. Major resistance to antibiotics 49
4. Look back at some super diseases 55
5. Technologies and research directions 65
6. New therapeutic compounds 77
7. Appendix 85
8. Author profile 169
5. Raimondo Villano
9
“Life is short, art is long,
the favorable opportunity,
attempting misleading,
the difficult decision”
Hippocrates
7. Raimondo Villano
13
Sommario
Si tracciano cenni storici sul concetto di antibiosi, su ricerche, scoperta e
produzione degli antibiotici e sul loro ruolo mondiale non solo terapeutico
ma anche strategico dal secondo dopoguerra. Poi, si esaminano a livello
nazionale ed internazionale: le problematiche inerenti consumo, uso
improprio e abuso di antibiotici nell’uomo, in zootecnia, agricoltura e,
quindi, nel ciclo alimentare e nell’ambiente; le politiche di contrasto al
fenomeno dell’iperprescrizione e nei cittadini il grado di informazione e
consapevolezza dei rischi; le linee guida di buona prassi comportamentale
del malato; i documenti principali di lotta a tale emergenza. Si effettuano,
inoltre, una rassegna analitica e un approfondimento su alcune super
patologie (tubercolosi, gonorrea, meningite, ecc.) e sulle resistenze
batteriche ai principali antibiotici. Si realizzano, infine, una ricognizione
sull’attualità delle tecnologie e degli indirizzi di ricerca applicata e una
rassegna sulle principali recenti nuove terapie. Chiude il lavoro
un’appendice tecnica contenente un apparato essenziale di normative e
direttive ministeriali italiane e comunitarie europee sul tema.
8. Raimondo Villano
15
Abstract
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research,
discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only
therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at
national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse
of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the
food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of
excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and
awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient;
the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an
analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis,
gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics.
We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of
applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work
a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and
ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme.
9. Raimondo Villano
17
Résumé
Vous tracez notes historiques sur le concept de antibiose, sur la recherche,
la découverte et la production d’antibiotiques et de leur rôle dans le monde
non seulement thérapeutique, mais aussi stratégique depuis la Seconde
Guerre mondiale. Ensuite, vous regardez les questions nationales et
internationales liées à la consommation, utilisation abusive et excessive
d’antibiotiques chez l’homme, dans l'élevage, l'agriculture et, donc, dans la
chaîne alimentaire et l’environnement; politiques de lutte contre le
phénomène de la prescription excessive et les citoyens dans le degré
d’information et de sensibilisation des risques; lignes directrices de bonne
conduite de la pratique du patient; les principaux documents de lutte dans
cette situation d’urgence. Nous faisons également un aperçu analytique et
une discussion de certaines super maladies (tuberculose, la gonorrhée, la
méningite, etc.) et de la résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques majeurs.
Nous nous rendons compte, enfin, une enquête sur les technologies et les
adresses de la recherche appliquée en cours et une enquête sur les
principales nouvelles thérapies récentes. Ferme fonctionne une annexe
technique contenant les règlements essentiels de l’appareil et les directives
ministérielles italiennes et de la Communauté européenne sur le thème.
10. Raimondo Villano
19
Abstrakt
Sie plotten historische Anmerkungen über das Konzept der Antibiose, auf
Forschung, Entdeckung und Herstellung von Antibiotika und ihre Rolle in
der Welt nicht nur therapeutisch, sondern auch strategische dem Zweiten
Weltkrieg. Dann schauen Sie auf nationalen und internationalen Fragen im
Zusammenhang mit Konsum, Missbrauch und übermäßige Einsatz von
Antibiotika bei Menschen, in der Tierhaltung, Landwirtschaft, und damit in
die Nahrungskette und die Umwelt; Politik zur Bekämpfung des
Phänomens die übermäßige Verschreibung und Bürger in den Grad der
Information und Sensibilisierung der Risiken; Leitlinien für die gute Praxis
Verhalten des Patienten; die wichtigsten Dokumente des Kampfes in
diesem Notfall. Wir machen auch einen analytischen Überblick und eine
Diskussion einiger Super Krankheiten (Tuberkulose, Gonorrhö, Meningitis,
etc.) und bakterieller Resistenz gegen wichtige Antibiotika. Wir wissen,
schließlich eine Umfrage zu aktuellen Technologien und Adressen von
angewandter Forschung und eine Umfrage zu den wichtigsten aktuellen
neuen Therapien. Schließt Arbeit eine technische Anlage, die eine
Vorrichtung wesentliche Vorschriften und Ministerialrichtlinien
italienischen und europäischen Gemeinschaft über das Thema.
11. Raimondo Villano
21
Abstracto
Trazar notas históricas sobre el concepto de antibiosis, en la investigación,
el descubrimiento y la producción de antibióticos y su papel global no sólo
terapéutico, sino también estratégico desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial. A
continuación, nos fijamos en los asuntos nacionales e internacionales
relacionados con el consumo, el mal uso y abuso de los antibióticos en los
seres humanos, en la ganadería, la agricultura, y por lo tanto en la cadena
alimentaria y el medio ambiente; políticas de lucha contra el fenómeno de
la prescriptión excesiva y los ciudadanos en el grado de información y
conocimiento de los riesgos; pautas de comportamiento de buenas
prácticas de la paciente; los principales documentos de lucha en esta
emergencia. Hacemos también un resumen analítico y una discusión de
algunas enfermedades súper (tuberculosis, gonorrea, meningitis, etc.) y la
resistencia bacteriana a los principales antibióticos. Nos damos cuenta,
por último, un estudio sobre las tecnologías y las direcciones de la
investigación aplicada en curso y una encuesta sobre las principales
nuevas terapias recientes. Cierra funciona un anexo técnico que contiene
un aparato regulaciones esenciales y directivas ministeriales italianas y de
la Comunidad Europea sobre el tema.
15. Raimondo Villano
67
Rapid changes are needed to avoid the misery and death of a potential
"post-antibiotic era".
The solutions appear to be the contrast of the emergency, the monitoring of
cases of resistance to infection prevention to reduce the need for antibiotics
upstream through improved hygiene, access to cleaner water,
immunizations, infection control structures health. That the super-bacteria
must be a war of alliances, in which all can and must do their part.
In many instances the available diagnostic tests can already be used to
identify bacteria that feed an infection, allowing doctors to choose
pharmacological treatments more targeted instead of resorting to drugs
broad spectrum which aggravate the resistance. The problem, though, is
that these tests take time and doctors will often give up resorting to broad-
spectrum antibiotics.
According to the EU report, test development faster is crucial(75)
.
It can also be very useful a renewed focus and standardized methods for
monitoring of resistant strains worldwide.
Currently there is no global consensus on the methodology and data
collection in this area.
There are also daily practices essential that communities and clinicians
should adopt, including better hygiene for health care, such as washing
hands frequently, and vaccinate the population against key diseases to
reduce the need to antibiotics(76)
.
The acceleration of the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics,
then, would be precisely correlated with more aggressive antibiotic
therapy: a contradiction is only apparent, it came to light thanks to an
experiment of Escherichia coli.
According to a study, the bacteria survived a massive use of medicines are
benefited by the lack of competition with other bacteria susceptible to
antibiotics(77)
.
So, the more powerful antibiotic treatment, the faster the bacteria develop
resistance to these drugs.
______________
(75) Dina Fine Maron, Ibid.
(76) Dina Fine Maron, Ibid.
(77) Scientific American, Antibiotic resistance, a look to genetics, (from a study
published in 'PLoS Biology' by Robert Beardmore and colleagues, a group of
microbiologists from the University of Exeter in the UK, in collaboration with
colleagues at the University Kiel, Germany), April 4, 2013.
16. Superbugs & Superdrugs
68
These therapies fact eliminate the bacteria are not resistant, thus resulting
in a lack of competition that enables those resistant to multiply quickly.
The result provides an explanation for the microbiological resistance to
antibiotics of specific subpopulations of bacteria that survive after being
exposed to molecules that should eliminate them.
In the study there was a very powerful genetic mechanism of defense
deployed by E. coli, which produces fast copies of genes that confer
resistance, reducing the effectiveness of the medication abruptly. The result
was confirmed by mathematical models and sequencing the entire genome
of strains resistant and non-resistant bacterium. "It is amazing how quickly
the bacteria develop resistance: were even stopped the experiments,
considering that the treatments would not lose their effectiveness quickly,
even within a day(78)
."
It was possible to know, however, "that the bacteria survived after initial
treatment have duplicated their specific areas of the genome that contain
many genes that confer resistance to antibiotics. The expression of these
genes seems faster when antibiotics are combined, with the result of a rapid
evolution of bacteria very resistant(79)
".
The survival to antibiotics remaining in a state of relative quiescence until
the concentration of the drugs is not decreases a capacity of the bacteria
that develops before the evolution of resistance, favoring the onset(80)
. The
discovery of the mechanisms behind this phenomenon of tolerance opens
the way to new strategies to prevent the spread of drug-resistant bacteria(81)
.
The mechanism at the basis of so-called bacterial tolerance, ie the ability of
bacteria to survive the aggression of antibiotics using a different strategy,
and in some aspects more efficient, the development of resistance has been
identified by a group of researchers of Hebrew University of Jerusalem(82)
.
The resistance to one or more antibiotics is the ability of a microorganism
to grow even in the constant presence of antibiotic, but on condition that
the concentration of the substance is not too high.
______________
(78) Robert Beardmore.
(79) Robert Beardmore.
(80) The Science, discovered the secret of such susceptibility, June 26, 2014.
(81) The Sciences, Ibid.
(82) Ofer Fridman, Amir Goldberg, Irine Ronin, Noam Shoresh & Nathalie Q. Balaban,
Optimisation of lag time underlies antibiotic tolerance evolved in bacterial populations,
Nature 513, 418-421, 18 September 2014.
17. Raimondo Villano
69
The tolerance, however, is the ability to survive until the concentration of
antibiotic decreases; so far these basic mechanisms have been much less
studied.
Following the evolution of populations of E. coli exposed to high
concentrations of ampicillin but intermittent, characterizing the strains that
gradually evolve, it was discovered that the first adaptive change to the
stress from antibiotic that is manifested is precisely the tolerance, which is
presented when there is still no mutation, indicating the development of
resistance (83).
In particular, researchers have found that the tolerance is linked to a
prolonged persistence of the cells in the so-called phase lag (delay phase).
When bacterial cells arrive in a new environment (Petri dish or host
organism), their number does not grow immediately.
The period preceding the beginning of the multiplication, the phase lag in
fact, can last from an hour to a few days, with individual variations in the
microbial population.
Balaban and colleagues have found that bacterial colonies tend to tune the
length of the phase delay of that of the period for which they are exposed to
high doses of antibiotic, to pass to the phase of cell growth (in which they
multiply exponentially) in the periods where administration is interrupted.
With the sequencing of the genome of different strains that had evolved
and by comparison with that of the original strain, the researchers were
then able to identify the gene that controls the length of the delay phase,
which they named tbl (tolerance by lag).
This discovery further draws attention to the importance of proper use of
antibiotics, and offers the opportunity to develop new strategies to prevent
the development of resistance.
Finally, it should be considered the correlation between time of hospital
stay and likelihood of multi-resistant pathogenic outbreaks. In the scientific
community it believes that the probability of getting an infection in the
hospital due to a pathogen (MDR) is directly proportional to the length of
hospitalization.
______________
(83) Balaban et al., Ibid.
18. Superbugs & Superdrugs
70
In a study(84)
has looked into this report of 949 cases of documented
infection by Gram negative that occurred between 1998 and 2011. The
ratio of hospital days (from the day of admission to infection), and
probability of infection with MDR Gram negative was examined using
multivariate logistic regression. The MDR was defined as resistance to ≥ 1
drug within ≥ 3 classes of antibiotics.
With + MDR as the dependent variable, the bodies concerned (Escherichia
coli, Enterobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
etc.) Were included in the final model. The researchers concluded that there
is a strong relationship between time of infection and infection with MDR
pathogens (p = 0.0002). Each day of hospitalization increased the chance of
infection pathogen MDR by an additional 1% (95% CI 1.005 to 1.017).
When they checked the time of infection using K. pneumoniae as a
pathogen of reference, have found that the probability that the Enterobacter
spp. were multiresistant was of 5:57 times higher, while the P. aeruginosa
had 0.44 times less likely to be MDR (95% CI 3.44 to 8.99 and 0.321 to
0.987, respectively). The study concluded that: there is a strong relationship
between time in hospital and time of infection with multidrug-resistant
Gram-negative pathogen, but the strength of this relationship varies
depending on the pathogen; other factors related to the characteristics of the
patients could affect this relationship. These results, therefore, scientists
should be considered when selecting the empirical antibiotic therapy for
these infections. A significant use of search technology can be 4D electron
microscopy, which produces 'movies' of invisible processes in nanoscale
and time intervals of femtoseconds (International System of Units: fs = 10-
15 = 1 millionth of a billionth of a second ). The technique is to 'fit' in
sequence thousands of 'frames' obtained according to a time scan accurately
defined(85)
.
______________
(84) Source: Italian medicines agency AIFA, Bits from the World, n. 603, Rome
September 9, 2014; Abstract: T. Smith, C. Salgado, PD Mauldin, J. Zhang, JA Bosso /
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina), Relationship
between days in hospital and infection with resistant pathogenic Gram-negative
Multidrug (study presented in the 54th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial
Agents and Chemotherapy 2014); Database: Bodies 079-Epidemiology of multi-
resistance, Presentation number K-667, Washington, DC The Sept 5-9,
www.abstractonline.com).
(85) Ahmed Zewail, A new technique allows to film the processes that take place in a
cell or the operation of a nano device, Scientific American, October 2010, n. 506.
19. Raimondo Villano
71
Other scenarios could unfold thanks to the recent discovery of a new
protein with key cell receptor-mediated endocytosis (process control what
the cell 'matter' or 'export'), in addition to the four notes denominated
adattine(86)
. Understanding the mechanisms that govern this process can be
essential to intervene with new media on cell permeability(87)
.
Promising is also the discovery of a system of crucial sharing of genetic
material between bacteria and, therefore, of greater spread of antibiotic
resistance: the mechanism of the 'type IV secretion', used to move
substances through the cell wall(88)
.
It tries, also, to set up with the technology of polymeric nanoparticles a
prototype vaccine potential inducer of immunity in the long term and
against many viruses and bacteria that awakens the organism's innate
immunity through the activation of a family of receptors important, the toll-
like (Tlr).
Active in this regard are US researchers at Emory University led by Sudhir
Pai them feed, to produce a yellow fever vaccine that can also be universal
platform for the development of other new vaccines.
With nanoparticles, in effect, re-create the same capacity tested on animal
models in which it is observed powerful immunity that lasts for life,
multiplying the production of specific antibodies against various viruses
and bacteria, influence anthrax.
The vaccine nanotechnology could also represent a turning point for many
other diseases including AIDS(89)
. Since the type IV secretion is capable of
distributing genetic material between bacteria, and in particular the genes
of resistance to antibiotics, the mechanism is responsible for the spread of
antibiotic resistance in hospital settings.
It also plays a vital role during the infectious processes in the secretion of
toxins that cause ulcers, whooping cough or severe pneumonia, such as
Legionnaires' disease.
______________
(86) Discovered by a group of researchers led by Joel Dacks of the University of
Alberta and Margaret Robinson of the University of Cambridge. Ref .: The Science, I
am five 'customs' of the cell, October 12, 2011.
(87) Ref .: Jennifer Hirst, Lael D. Barlow, Gabriel Casey Francisco, Daniela A.
Sahlender, NJ Matthew Seaman, Joel B. Dacks, Margaret S. Robinson, The fifth adapter
protein complex, PLoS Biology, October 11, 2011 .
(88) Mechanism revealed in a study by scientists at the University College of London.
(89) Farma 33, A super-vaccine made with nano particles, February 24, 2011.
20. Superbugs & Superdrugs
72
Interesting could be also the studies on cellular protein p53, the 'guardian of
the genome', also called 'protein hub' for the number of connections that
has risen with other proteins and which are essential for the functioning of
the cell(90)
.
These studies could describe the evolution of large-scale 'network'
biological technology, such as bacterial metabolism, and predict with
remarkable accuracy the likelihood of new connections. The resulting
models provide, therefore, new perspectives are useful in understanding the
preferred connection as a phenomenon emerging networks(91)
.
Scientists could find answers from the study of the mechanisms of survival
of pathogenic bacteria in the passage from the host and vice versa: this
opens up new possibilities for the prevention of the same infections. For
example, it was discovered that a sugar solution in the cell membrane of
the bacterium Escherichia coli growing as quickly as it grows in a
hypotonic solution: shooting microscopic video obtained with an
innovative technique show then, that the process is independent of the
osmotic pressure disproving a theory so far accredited on the growth
dynamics of cell membranes.
Stanford researchers have measured accurately the level of osmotic
pressure sufficient to slow the growth of the membrane of Escherichia coli,
concluding that the cell membrane continues to grow in the sugar solution
with a speed equal to that of the normal solution, but the mass produced in
Excess folds in on itself, a bit 'like the skin of raisins. Once back in the
normal solution, the cells reabsorb water, immediately recovering their
shape more turgid(92)
.
An attempt to strengthen the therapeutic aids available along the way of the
use of silver ions dissolved nell'antibiotico(93)
.
______________
(90) Fragkiskos Papadopoulos and colleagues, University of Cyprus, Popularity versus
similarity in growing networks, Nature, 12 September 2012.
(91) Albert-László Barabási, Center for Complex Network Research at Northeastern
University, Network science: luck or reason, Nature 12 September 2012.
(92) Enrique Rojas, Julie A. Theriot, Kerwyn Casey Huang, Stanford University,
Response of Escherichia coli growth rate to osmotic shock, Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 27 May 2014 no. 21, 7807-7812.
(93) Experiments in this field are conducted by James Collins, a biomedical engineer at
Boston University, and published in the journal Science Translational Medicine
(Source: Ansa, June 22, 2013).
21. Raimondo Villano
73
It is proved, in fact, that in this way the effectiveness of an antibiotic
increases up to 1,000 times, even against resistant bacteria. The silver acts
both making the permeable wall of the bacteria (making, and then, the
pathogen more accessible to the antibiotic) is inducing the bacteria to
produce large amounts of reactive oxygen compounds (free radicals) which
in high amounts are toxic and kill the bacterium itself.
However, silver may have the drawback of toxic effects on humans, so it is
important to understand what are the limits toxicological dosage for a
possible clinical use or, at least, an alternative must understand in detail the
mechanisms of action for groped to replicating molecules using safer for
humans.
Another line of research focuses on genomic monitoring of resistant
bacteria to study its evolution, with the aim of being able to predict the
rapid changes and so find a strategy to block them.
Scientists have focused, for example, on Streptoccoccus PMEN1,
widespread and extremely resistant to drugs, collecting 240 different
samples from around the world since 1984. We analyzed and compared the
genomes of all bacteria isolated, rebuilding the evolutionary history of the
pathogen, and distinguishing between the two different events of genetic
mutation: type 'vertical' (transmitted from a mother cell to a daughter, in
which individual bases are to be replaced or removed from DNA) and type
'horizontal' (bacteria transmitted between neighbors, in which fragments of
genetic material passed physically from one bacterium to another neighbor,
with possible major changes in large areas of the genome).
It was discovered that most of the mutations occurring in time is of type
'horizontal'.
It also emerged that the transfer of genetic material concerned about three
quarters of the genome, affecting some particular areas of DNA, known as
'hotspots' and, specifically, that the areas most affected by the mutations are
those antigens, originating in immune response. As regards, then, the
development of drug resistance, it was observed that mutations vertical are
the most important and that resistant forms of PMEN1 have already begun
to develop around 1970, so with the start of the spread of the use of
antibiotics.
Other research with biotechnology tools point to the remodeling of
antibodies that target different targets on the membrane of bacteria, a
strategy that could lead to antibiotics achieve highly specific and at the
same time to greatly reduce the risk of developing antibiotic resistance.
22. Superbugs & Superdrugs
74
Experimentation in this direction are carried out by researchers at
MedImmune, a company based in Gaithersburg, Maryland(94)
, who have
developed a hybrid antibody from two monoclonal antibodies, or
antibodies with the ability to bind to a 'target' highly specific, that can be
created by genetic engineering techniques and produced in significant
quantities. In particular, the new antibody was obtained starting from two
distinct monoclonal antibodies directed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and has proved to be more effective than the administration of both
monoclonal antibodies originating.
The increasing difficulty finding new effective antibiotic molecules
directed research interest towards monoclonal antibodies, which potentially
offer greater specificity and safety, lack of drug interactions and ability to
leverage complementary mode of action than antibiotics, drastically
reducing the risk of the development of further resistance. However, the
fact that monoclonal antibodies bind to very specific targets (tiny regions of
the bacterial membrane) causes that their effectiveness may sometimes
prove to be marginal. However, assuming that an antibody that
simultaneously has a target two molecules of the bacterial membrane might
produce effects rather than a higher, has been developed a technique that
allows the 'melting' in one antibody to two monoclonal antibodies against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the bacteria resistant to antibiotics among
the most problematic. The monoclonal anti-PSL hits a polysaccharide of
bacterial membrane (PSL) that allows P. aeruginosa to adhere to host cells
and to create bacterial biofilms, while the anti-PcrV monoclonal antibody
blocks the protein that forms the PcrV 'iniettosomi' of the bacterium, ie the
needle-like structures on its surface which allow the injection of bacterial
toxins into the cells of the host.
The subsequent tests performed before in vitro on mice have shown that the
new bispecific engineered antibody, called BiS4aPa, not only has greater
efficacy of the two antibodies are separate but that a simultaneous
administration of antibiotics potentiates the activity.
______________
(94) Antonio Di Giandomenico, Ashley E. Keller, Cuihua Gao, Godfrey J. Rainey, Paul
Warrener, Mareia M. Camara, Jessica Bonnell, Ryan Fleming, Binyam Bezabeh,
Nazzareno Dimasi, Bret R. Sellman, Jamese Hilliard, Caitlin M . Guenther,
Vivekananda Datta, Wei Zhao, Changshou Gao, Xiang-Qing Yu, JoAnn A. Suzich and
C. Kendall Stover, A multifunctional bispecific antibody protects against Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Science Translational Medicine, Vol. 6, Issue 262, p. 262ra155, 12
November 2014.
23. Raimondo Villano
75
So, it is fine tuning a formulation of BiS4aPa suitable for human
administration, indicated by the abbreviation MEDI3902, and has initiated
a phase I clinical study to assess its safety.
Other scientists conduct studies on understanding the mechanisms by
which Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to block the maturation of
phagosomes and survive. This would make new light on the action of
intracellular parasitism of certain microorganisms and would open the door
to new treatments. Researchers at the Pasteur Institute in Seoul and Paris
and Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology in Toulouse, for
example, have developed in 2010 a new type of essay with which generated
11,000 mutant strain of M. tuberculosis Beijing, subsequently tested in
search of the genes involved in blocking the maturation of phagosomes.
The M. tuberculosis Beijing strain has been associated with recent
outbreaks of tuberculosis in violent form and resistant to multiple drugs,
which may be useful to identify virulence genes in other pathogens. The
research also revealed the role of new lipid molecules in mycobacterial
intracellular parasitism and what defines a potential new therapeutic target,
important given the emergence of strains that cause tuberculosis resistant to
many anti-tuberculosis drugs. Finally, this assay can be easily adapted to
the screening of new antimicrobials(95)
.
______________
(95) Priscille Brodin, Yannick Poquet, Florence Levillain, Isabelle Peguillet, Gerald
Larrouy-Maumus, Martine Gilleron, Fanny Ewann, Thierry Christophe, Denis
Fenistein, Jichan Jang, Mi-Seon Jang, Sei-Jin Park, Jean Rauzier, Olivier Neyrolles ,
High Content Phenotypic Cell-Based Visual Screen IdentifiesMycobacterium
tuberculosis Acyltrehalose-Containing glycolipids Involved in phagosome Remodeling,
PLOS Journal, DOI: 10.1371 / journal.ppat.1001100, September 9, 2010.
26. Raimondo Villano
171
Born in 1960. He lives in Rome and Torre Annunziata. Role:
General Manager Villano International Business Team (from
2012); Chiron CEO Publisher, Honorary Member (2013) and
Associate Professor in History of Health Pharmaceutical
Administration Department of Ruggero II University (Miami,
2014), Trader (since 1976), Trader operating financial
independent of bags and forex (since 1983), Knight SMO Malta
(since 2002), President of Chiron Humanitarian Foundation (since 1985).
Academies: History Art Health-Ministry BC, former papal Tiberina, Melitensi
Studies, Medical Tradition Smithsonian Institution-USA, International Society
History Pharmacy, Acc. History Italian Pharmacy, Soc. Napoletana National
History in. h. Noble College Chemical Pharmaceutical. Over 100 conferences
and chairman in dozens of conferences. He collaborates with important
national and international magazines. You Advisory Board Member for the US
Publisher DPC, which publishes in more than 150 nations. Studies: Classical;
degree and abil .: Pharmacy (1985); courses certificates: Medicinal herbs,
Cosmetic Techniques, Corporate Security, HACCP, History, Social Doctrine of
the Church, theology. Degrees h.c.: Human and Social Sciences (2009); History
and Philosophy (2010); Communication Sciences (2013). Master h.c.: Science
Medical Ethics (2010). He was author, organizer and chairman Safety Course for
managers, obtaining the High Patronage of the Head of State and the UN (2000),
Secretary International Committee Biothecnologies Wabt-Unesco 2008-13,
Diplomatic Adviser AEREC dpt ENVA (from 2011), member of World
Academy Biomedical Technology (Unesco 2007-12), 11 years in the Scientific
Committee of the Health Security IBD (company responsible for the security of
the Courts Naples Appeal Court), Board Beaumont Foundation Onlus research
on cancer with the Prefect of Naples (2011-12), member of European Academy
for Economic and Cultural Relations (2004-15). 32 years partner and owner of
the pharmacy. Partner since 1990, Secretary to 29 years 1990-95 and 2000
Rotary Club President Pompeii-Vesuvius; Comm.ni in Rotary District 2100-
Italy: Professional Ethics, Global Action, Computer; among the many
international roles: archeology Pompeii-Carthage; Committee Prize Magna
Grecia. Napoli president, national Coordinator and founder Federation Young
Chemists; Representative National Trade Union Federative. Assistant
Microbiology Fac. F.cia Na (1985-90, Chair Prof. Lembo-Inst. Sup. Health).
International awards: Diploma of Honor for exceptional services individually
in 5 Vie Action by President Rotary International (Evanston 2001: only 100 /
27. Superbugs & Superdrugs
172
year / 1.5 million members); Merit Anti-Crime Task Force-Rotary Italy, Albania,
former Yugoslavia, San Marino (Zurich 2001); Sapientia Mundi-Ethics (Rm
2008); Union Legion of Gold-Work (Rm 2010); Veritas in Charitate-Religion
(2011); Bonifaciano-Culture and Society (2011); Norman-Publishing Gold
Medal (Rm 2014); Norman-Health Galen of Pergamum (Rm 2014). National
Awards: Aesculapius-Health Patronage Ministers Council (Rm 1987); LXVIII
Piccinini-Search (Rm 2006); LXV Stramezzi-Health (Rm 2007); Capitolino-
humanitarian activities (Rm 2010); Tiberino-Culture (Rm 2012); LXXIV
Serono-History (Rm 2012), AEREC-Culture (Rm 2013); Merit Public Health
(DPR 2013), Tiberino-Science (Rm 2014). Author of over 730 publications
health, professional, scientific, historical, religious; more than 50 books (many
translated into English, French, some German, Spanish) with prestigious
publishers as Zanichelli and sponsorship by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage,
Unesco, Rotary, University, etc., present in Italian libraries (including:
Quirinale, National Academy Science, Ministries) and more than 40 countries
(including: National Health Institute-USA, Nationale de France, Congress UK),
in cultural institutes, Universities, Museums; a book made its debut at the
Frankfurt Fair. Catalogues: 2000 Outstanding Intellectuals IBC-Cambridge from
2010; OPAC SBN with over 160 works; from 2010 Sheet Authority Ministry
BAC. Various books are appreciated by authorities, including several times the
Head of State and the Holy Father.
Some books: Global Information Society, 1996; Rotary for Man, 2001;
Managing security in Pharmacy (pres. Dr. Renzulli, already the UN Security
Consultant, 2004); Art and history Pharmacy (pres. Professor Ledermann, Presid.
Em. International Pharmacy History Society, 2 ed., 2006); History and activities
of the SMOM (4th ed., 2007); Pharmaceutical meridians between secular ethics
and Catholic moral (pres. Professor Tarro, Comm. Naz.le Bioethics, 3 ed., 2008);
Thesaurus Pharmacologicus (pres. Presid. Pharmacists Italian Dr. Mandelli
2009); Time sculpted silent eternity. Reflections on diachronic investigation for
memory homo faber (pres. Eminent historian Fra 'von Lobstein and critic Prof.
Carosella, 2 ed., 6 repr., 2010); Pharmaceutical business United Naples (Pres .:
Presid. It Accemia. History Pharmacy Dr. Ravens, 2010); Logos and Theophany
in the digital time (pres. Mons. Trafny, President Dpt Science-Faith Pontifical
Cons. Culture, 2012); Religious aspects and ecclesial dimension SMOM (2013).
Among the more than 40 multimedia: Outline art and history pharmacy (patr.
AISF, 2002); Influenza A / H1N1 (patr. Unesco, 2009).