16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. VILLANO - SUPERBUGS & SUPERDRUGS p.te 5 Technologies and research directionsRaimondo Villano
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs (p.te 2: issues and contrast of antibiot...Raimondo Villano
13. R. Villano “ Prophylactic and therapeutic aspects against the plague in some States of Italy from XIV to the XVII century ”, Starting from a historical chronology, pathological, epidemiological, demographic, sociological and literary plague , we describe the environmental and operating conditions of doctors and pharmacists , examining the protocols of prophylaxis and make a reconnaissance of the main drugs used for prevention and treatment , coming to examine in detail some of the most important works in this subject and date (XVII century ) compared to the epidemic periods considered, the pre-eminent precepts clinical treatment protocols, dietary prescriptions , the composition of medicines and the most important processes for their preparation, setting the stage for various lines of comparative analysis. Integral communication of Raimondo Villano in Parallel Session II (Chairmains: A. Iwona / S. Anagnostou) of 41 International Congres for the History of Pharmacy (10/15 september by: International Society for the History of Pharmacy, Societé Francaise d’Histoire de la Pharmacie; Acadèmie Internationale d’Histoire de la Pharmacie), in the Bilski Pasquer Lecture Hall, with 79 authors of the 31 Pays et students of the over 50 Nations (Paris, Paris-Sorbonne UFR University, Medicine Faculty Pierre and Marie Curie, Les Cordeliers, september 11, 2013) - Chiron, CDD 945 VIL asp 2014 en, LCC R131-687, pp. 72, Rome, February 2014;
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs p.te 6: new therapeutic coumpoundsRaimondo Villano
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. VILLANO - Antibioticoresistenza (2a ediz.. p.te 9)Raimondo Villano
The document is a report from the Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR) with recommendations for future collaboration between the US and EU on antimicrobial resistance issues. It identifies three key areas for cooperation: appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, prevention of drug-resistant infections, and improving the drug development pipeline. The report provides 17 specific recommendations within these areas, such as developing common hospital antibiotic stewardship programs, collaborating on agricultural antibiotic use data collection, and establishing incentives for new antibiotic development. The TATFAR intends to oversee implementation of the recommendations over the next two years.
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs: issues and contrast of antibioticRaimondo Villano
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, isbn 9788897303282, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256)
R. VILLANO - SUPERBUGS & SUPERDRUGS p.te 5 Technologies and research directionsRaimondo Villano
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs (p.te 2: issues and contrast of antibiot...Raimondo Villano
13. R. Villano “ Prophylactic and therapeutic aspects against the plague in some States of Italy from XIV to the XVII century ”, Starting from a historical chronology, pathological, epidemiological, demographic, sociological and literary plague , we describe the environmental and operating conditions of doctors and pharmacists , examining the protocols of prophylaxis and make a reconnaissance of the main drugs used for prevention and treatment , coming to examine in detail some of the most important works in this subject and date (XVII century ) compared to the epidemic periods considered, the pre-eminent precepts clinical treatment protocols, dietary prescriptions , the composition of medicines and the most important processes for their preparation, setting the stage for various lines of comparative analysis. Integral communication of Raimondo Villano in Parallel Session II (Chairmains: A. Iwona / S. Anagnostou) of 41 International Congres for the History of Pharmacy (10/15 september by: International Society for the History of Pharmacy, Societé Francaise d’Histoire de la Pharmacie; Acadèmie Internationale d’Histoire de la Pharmacie), in the Bilski Pasquer Lecture Hall, with 79 authors of the 31 Pays et students of the over 50 Nations (Paris, Paris-Sorbonne UFR University, Medicine Faculty Pierre and Marie Curie, Les Cordeliers, september 11, 2013) - Chiron, CDD 945 VIL asp 2014 en, LCC R131-687, pp. 72, Rome, February 2014;
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs p.te 6: new therapeutic coumpoundsRaimondo Villano
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. VILLANO - Antibioticoresistenza (2a ediz.. p.te 9)Raimondo Villano
The document is a report from the Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR) with recommendations for future collaboration between the US and EU on antimicrobial resistance issues. It identifies three key areas for cooperation: appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, prevention of drug-resistant infections, and improving the drug development pipeline. The report provides 17 specific recommendations within these areas, such as developing common hospital antibiotic stewardship programs, collaborating on agricultural antibiotic use data collection, and establishing incentives for new antibiotic development. The TATFAR intends to oversee implementation of the recommendations over the next two years.
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 176);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs: issues and contrast of antibioticRaimondo Villano
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, isbn 9788897303282, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256)
This document provides an overview of Listeria monocytogenes and its control in retail establishments. It identifies sources of Listeria monocytogenes in retail environments such as food products, the environment, equipment, employees, and customers/vendors. Factors that contribute to its presence include the ubiquitous nature of Listeria monocytogenes, its ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures, and contamination opportunities in more open retail settings compared to food processing plants. The document recommends control techniques and maintaining an effective food safety program to prevent illness from this pathogen.
This document discusses the importance of global disease surveillance for national security. It notes that while some disease surveillance systems exist, there is no comprehensive international system with leadership over both human and animal diseases. The lack of coordination and data sharing poses challenges. Intentional disease outbreaks also complicate surveillance efforts, as does the increasing threat of emerging zoonotic diseases. The document argues that improving global disease surveillance should be a high priority for national security.
This document provides information about the MycoKey project, a European Union funded project focused on managing mycotoxins along various food and feed chains. The following key points are mentioned:
- The MycoKey project has a total value of 6.4 million Euros and runs from 2016 to 2020 with 30 partners from Europe and China.
- The project aims to develop strategies to monitor and prevent mycotoxins pre and post harvest along various commodity chains like maize, wheat and barley.
- Work packages include monitoring toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins, prevention methods, intervention strategies, development of an ICT system for chain management and communication of results.
Antibiotics have transformed medicine by providing treatments for bacterial infections that were previously untreatable. Before antibiotics, many deaths were caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes. Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928 led to the development of antibiotics that could kill bacteria. While antibiotics have saved many lives, their overuse and misuse has led to increased antibiotic resistance, which is now a major public health challenge. Proper antibiotic stewardship is needed to ensure these important drugs remain effective.
PlP syllabus BSc General BURDWAN UNIBERSITYarnab das
This document outlines the syllabus for a 3-year degree course in plant protection at the University of Burdwan in West Bengal, India, covering the period from 2005-2006 onwards. It includes 5 papers over the 3 years, covering topics in theoretical plant protection, identification and management of pests and diseases, integrated pest management, plant protection organizations, and practical experience. The syllabus provides detailed outlines for each paper, dividing topics into groups A and B and specifying the marks and duration for each paper. It covers identification and management of pests and diseases across many crops, as well as integrated pest management, legislation, and practical skills.
Increased infection and inappropriate antimicrobial use can accelerate the development of antimicrobial resistance. Factors that increase infection include urbanization, overcrowding, pollution, demographic changes, increased global trade and travel, and advances in modern medicine. Inappropriate antibiotic use stems from enhanced food requirements, physician-related factors like prescribing antibiotics for viral infections, patient-related misuse including unrestricted over-the-counter sales and non-compliance with medication instructions, and failures in healthcare facilities to implement infection control practices.
46. R. Villano “The Photos. Vol. One”, overview of a selection of about 200 original photographs and unpublished (made by the author in more than 30 years), enriched by reflections theme and evocative soundtracks. (83,5 Mb; 6 files, 226 slides, 5 soundtrack), Chiron dpt Ph@rma, Roma, February 2015);
Raimondo Villano - Meridiani farmaceutici tra etica laica e morale cattolica...Raimondo Villano
ABS. da: R. Villano “La cruna dell’ago: meridiani farmaceutici tra etica laica e morale cattolica”; vincitore della LXV edizione del Premio nazionale Fondazione Elide Stramezzi dell’A.S.A.S.-Mi.B.A.C., conferito in quanto contributo per l’assunzione di “consapevolezza di una elevata cultura di vita per portare avanti con coraggio una professione tesa ai più alti valori umani e cristiani” (Roma, 22 nov 2007); patrocinato da: Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e Chiron Foundation, Praxys dpt. Dalla presentazione: “L’opera viene a riempire un vuoto nella trattazione italiana in un campo sempre più seguito e, senza dubbio, di grandi prospettive. L’Autore, già foriero di contributi originali, fornisce ora in questo suo volume agli studiosi di scienze farmaceutiche e farmacologia una serie di preziose informazioni e riflessioni. È, perciò, altamente meritoria quest’opera di sviscerare per un folto stuolo di lettori e studiosi della materia i diversi problemi del farmaco e, nello stesso tempo, evidenziare le difficoltà della promozione scientifica per un pubblico già maturo e temprato dalla situazione particolarmente grave, specie per quanto riguarda gli aspetti terapeutici. Questo tema è inquadrato nella giusta fisionomia ed è pieno di prospettive. I capitoli del libro sono pieni di filosofia e la notevole cultura ed umanità dell’Autore emergono qua e là con citazioni classiche mentre la Sua profonda conoscenza dell’argomento gli permette di passare con la stessa proprietà di linguaggio dalla etiopatogenesi alla sociologia. L’auspicio dello Scienziato Tarro è che quest’ottimo libro non solo rechi ausilio all’analisi ed allo studio della farmacogenesi ma favorisca anche la sensibilizzazione dell’opinione pubblica, troppo spesso ignara e indifesa di fronte ai problemi della salute. Il Presidente dei Farmacisti italiani Leopardi, dal canto suo, attraversando metaforicamente l’opera, vi trova riflessioni, considerazioni e materiali che illuminano di senso e prospettive altre e alte la professione farmaceutica. Che, una volta di più, è riconoscente all’Autore per il Suo sforzo continuo e concreto finalizzato ad accrescerne contenuti e profondità, in una visione che - correttamente - si preoccupa di andare ben oltre quegli aspetti commerciali purtroppo più immediatamente e banalmente percepibili”. Ed. Effegibi, pag. 365, lug 2007; 2^ ediz. con presentazione del MD, PhD Giulio Tarro, Chairman of Committe on Biotechnologies and VirusSphere World Academy Biomedical Tecnologies Wabt dell’Unesco-Parigi e già allievo di Albert B. Sabin e membro Commissione Nazionale di Bioetica (Chiron Foundation, Praxys dpt, Ed. Effegibi, ISBN 978-88-904235-09, LCC BJ 1725, CDD 177 VIL cru 2008, pp. 393, set2008); 3^ ediz. con presentazione del MD, PhD Giulio Tarro (Chiron, Ed. MBE, ISBN, pp. 398, giu 2009).
Intelligent Transport Systems in Hong KongCharles Mok
Charles Mok discusses the potential for intelligent transportation systems in Hong Kong. He outlines how information and communication technologies can be applied to transportation infrastructure and vehicles to improve mobility, safety, and sustainability. Some key benefits include gathering commuter travel data to divert traffic to less congested routes, using connected car technology and real-time traffic information to better manage transportation. The market for intelligent transportation systems is projected to grow significantly in coming years. Mok also discusses Hong Kong's existing transport information systems and apps, as well as plans to integrate systems, improve data sharing, install more traffic detectors, and launch a smart city study to help address transportation challenges through technology.
Raimondo Villano - Piante salutistiche e premiscele veterinarieRaimondo Villano
abs da: 18. R. Villano “La gestione della sicurezza in Farmacia” con presentazione del Dr. Piero Renzulli, già Consulente per la Sicurezza presso le Nazioni Unite (Small Business, Longobardi Ed., pag. 222, aprile 2004 - presentata al Congresso Nazionale della Federazione Nazionale dei Farmacisti Italiani - maggio 2004; Standard Edition, Led Web International, (ISBN) pag. 264, Torino, ottobre 2004 - presentata alla Fiera del Libro di Francoforte - Buchmesse - del 6/10 ottobre 2004);
According to the Pew Research Centre, 90% of young adults aged 18-29 are likely to use social media.
Coupled with the statistic that 60% of employers are likely to check candidate's social media, the importance to have a positive online presence is highlighted.
I have gathered five top tips which I think are useful for students using social media and seeking employment.
Full blog post available:
http://ow.ly/IZ61302OWWW
Este documento ofrece una guía sobre el asesoramiento de empresas familiares. Proporciona consejos sobre cómo mejorar la comunicación familiar, proteger el patrimonio familiar, planificar la sucesión, minimizar impuestos y profesionalizar la gestión. También destaca la importancia de establecer protocolos familiares y de socios para definir las reglas que gobiernan las relaciones entre la familia y la empresa y así garantizar la continuidad del negocio a través de las generaciones.
Este documento presenta una introducción a la figura jurídica de la extinción de dominio en México. Explica que se adoptó para combatir patrimonialmente a los grupos delictivos y puede afectar bienes de delincuentes o de terceros. Luego define la extinción de dominio, sus fundamentos constitucionales, características del proceso y condiciones para los bienes sujetos a ella. Finalmente, resume criterios jurisprudenciales y el modelo colombiano, enfatizando que es un proceso civil autónomo del penal.
Bollocks: Does swearing in the office make marketers more productive?Jan Sysmans
The document discusses whether swearing in the office makes marketers more productive. It notes that more women admit to swearing than men, and swearing is more common in face-to-face conversations than online. Research suggests swearing can increase pain tolerance and decrease perceived pain by acting as a harmless emotional release. However, the document questions if there are better ways to deal with stress than swearing and proposes improving team collaboration and visibility into workflows to reduce bottlenecks.
This document discusses alternative financing models for the 21st century called "Open Capital" and "Economy 3.0". It proposes that trust-based credit instruments between individuals and communities can replace debt and derivatives. Specifically, it outlines two models: 1) Capital Partnerships that allow investors to share in production through prepaid credit for assets like land and energy; and 2) Guarantee Societies that enable peer-to-peer credit through mutual assurance pools. The goal is for financing to be relationship-based rather than transactional, aligning stakeholders' interests while providing sustainable alternatives to conventional capital.
Raimondo Villano is the president of the Rotary Club of Pompei Oplonti Vesuvio Est. The document contains the copyrighted words "Rotary International" repeated multiple times and is authored by Raimondo Villano for the 2000-2001 Rotary year. It appears to be documenting Villano's role and time as president of the Rotary club.
From Bad to Worse to Nearly Perfect: Making Large Scale IA Changes to a Live ...Kelsey Peters
What happens when you combine two previously separate subsites into one? A little chaos and a lot of broken links. In the fight between decentralization and centralization, issues of duplication and IA standardization are front and center.
In this case study, Zoe Barker Jacobs and Kelsey Peters explain how DePaul University took a live college site's biggest content problem head-on. They will share lessons learned about content auditing, mitigating issues when making large-scale changes in a live site, and how this project helped spread the word on governance at their institution.
Learn how to plan for a large-scale IA change, why duplicate content is not only bad for SEO but can lead to legal trouble and that instituting governance may not be so scary after all.
(Presented at Confab Higher Ed, 11/16/16)
1. Este documento estabelece as condições mínimas para a apresentação de projetos de aterros sanitários de resíduos sólidos urbanos.
2. É necessário consultar portarias do Ministério do Interior para aplicação da norma.
3. São definidos termos como aterro sanitário, lixiviação, percolado, resíduos sólidos urbanos e outros.
This document provides an overview of Listeria monocytogenes and its control in retail establishments. It identifies sources of Listeria monocytogenes in retail environments such as food products, the environment, equipment, employees, and customers/vendors. Factors that contribute to its presence include the ubiquitous nature of Listeria monocytogenes, its ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures, and contamination opportunities in more open retail settings compared to food processing plants. The document recommends control techniques and maintaining an effective food safety program to prevent illness from this pathogen.
This document discusses the importance of global disease surveillance for national security. It notes that while some disease surveillance systems exist, there is no comprehensive international system with leadership over both human and animal diseases. The lack of coordination and data sharing poses challenges. Intentional disease outbreaks also complicate surveillance efforts, as does the increasing threat of emerging zoonotic diseases. The document argues that improving global disease surveillance should be a high priority for national security.
This document provides information about the MycoKey project, a European Union funded project focused on managing mycotoxins along various food and feed chains. The following key points are mentioned:
- The MycoKey project has a total value of 6.4 million Euros and runs from 2016 to 2020 with 30 partners from Europe and China.
- The project aims to develop strategies to monitor and prevent mycotoxins pre and post harvest along various commodity chains like maize, wheat and barley.
- Work packages include monitoring toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins, prevention methods, intervention strategies, development of an ICT system for chain management and communication of results.
Antibiotics have transformed medicine by providing treatments for bacterial infections that were previously untreatable. Before antibiotics, many deaths were caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes. Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928 led to the development of antibiotics that could kill bacteria. While antibiotics have saved many lives, their overuse and misuse has led to increased antibiotic resistance, which is now a major public health challenge. Proper antibiotic stewardship is needed to ensure these important drugs remain effective.
PlP syllabus BSc General BURDWAN UNIBERSITYarnab das
This document outlines the syllabus for a 3-year degree course in plant protection at the University of Burdwan in West Bengal, India, covering the period from 2005-2006 onwards. It includes 5 papers over the 3 years, covering topics in theoretical plant protection, identification and management of pests and diseases, integrated pest management, plant protection organizations, and practical experience. The syllabus provides detailed outlines for each paper, dividing topics into groups A and B and specifying the marks and duration for each paper. It covers identification and management of pests and diseases across many crops, as well as integrated pest management, legislation, and practical skills.
Increased infection and inappropriate antimicrobial use can accelerate the development of antimicrobial resistance. Factors that increase infection include urbanization, overcrowding, pollution, demographic changes, increased global trade and travel, and advances in modern medicine. Inappropriate antibiotic use stems from enhanced food requirements, physician-related factors like prescribing antibiotics for viral infections, patient-related misuse including unrestricted over-the-counter sales and non-compliance with medication instructions, and failures in healthcare facilities to implement infection control practices.
46. R. Villano “The Photos. Vol. One”, overview of a selection of about 200 original photographs and unpublished (made by the author in more than 30 years), enriched by reflections theme and evocative soundtracks. (83,5 Mb; 6 files, 226 slides, 5 soundtrack), Chiron dpt Ph@rma, Roma, February 2015);
Raimondo Villano - Meridiani farmaceutici tra etica laica e morale cattolica...Raimondo Villano
ABS. da: R. Villano “La cruna dell’ago: meridiani farmaceutici tra etica laica e morale cattolica”; vincitore della LXV edizione del Premio nazionale Fondazione Elide Stramezzi dell’A.S.A.S.-Mi.B.A.C., conferito in quanto contributo per l’assunzione di “consapevolezza di una elevata cultura di vita per portare avanti con coraggio una professione tesa ai più alti valori umani e cristiani” (Roma, 22 nov 2007); patrocinato da: Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e Chiron Foundation, Praxys dpt. Dalla presentazione: “L’opera viene a riempire un vuoto nella trattazione italiana in un campo sempre più seguito e, senza dubbio, di grandi prospettive. L’Autore, già foriero di contributi originali, fornisce ora in questo suo volume agli studiosi di scienze farmaceutiche e farmacologia una serie di preziose informazioni e riflessioni. È, perciò, altamente meritoria quest’opera di sviscerare per un folto stuolo di lettori e studiosi della materia i diversi problemi del farmaco e, nello stesso tempo, evidenziare le difficoltà della promozione scientifica per un pubblico già maturo e temprato dalla situazione particolarmente grave, specie per quanto riguarda gli aspetti terapeutici. Questo tema è inquadrato nella giusta fisionomia ed è pieno di prospettive. I capitoli del libro sono pieni di filosofia e la notevole cultura ed umanità dell’Autore emergono qua e là con citazioni classiche mentre la Sua profonda conoscenza dell’argomento gli permette di passare con la stessa proprietà di linguaggio dalla etiopatogenesi alla sociologia. L’auspicio dello Scienziato Tarro è che quest’ottimo libro non solo rechi ausilio all’analisi ed allo studio della farmacogenesi ma favorisca anche la sensibilizzazione dell’opinione pubblica, troppo spesso ignara e indifesa di fronte ai problemi della salute. Il Presidente dei Farmacisti italiani Leopardi, dal canto suo, attraversando metaforicamente l’opera, vi trova riflessioni, considerazioni e materiali che illuminano di senso e prospettive altre e alte la professione farmaceutica. Che, una volta di più, è riconoscente all’Autore per il Suo sforzo continuo e concreto finalizzato ad accrescerne contenuti e profondità, in una visione che - correttamente - si preoccupa di andare ben oltre quegli aspetti commerciali purtroppo più immediatamente e banalmente percepibili”. Ed. Effegibi, pag. 365, lug 2007; 2^ ediz. con presentazione del MD, PhD Giulio Tarro, Chairman of Committe on Biotechnologies and VirusSphere World Academy Biomedical Tecnologies Wabt dell’Unesco-Parigi e già allievo di Albert B. Sabin e membro Commissione Nazionale di Bioetica (Chiron Foundation, Praxys dpt, Ed. Effegibi, ISBN 978-88-904235-09, LCC BJ 1725, CDD 177 VIL cru 2008, pp. 393, set2008); 3^ ediz. con presentazione del MD, PhD Giulio Tarro (Chiron, Ed. MBE, ISBN, pp. 398, giu 2009).
Intelligent Transport Systems in Hong KongCharles Mok
Charles Mok discusses the potential for intelligent transportation systems in Hong Kong. He outlines how information and communication technologies can be applied to transportation infrastructure and vehicles to improve mobility, safety, and sustainability. Some key benefits include gathering commuter travel data to divert traffic to less congested routes, using connected car technology and real-time traffic information to better manage transportation. The market for intelligent transportation systems is projected to grow significantly in coming years. Mok also discusses Hong Kong's existing transport information systems and apps, as well as plans to integrate systems, improve data sharing, install more traffic detectors, and launch a smart city study to help address transportation challenges through technology.
Raimondo Villano - Piante salutistiche e premiscele veterinarieRaimondo Villano
abs da: 18. R. Villano “La gestione della sicurezza in Farmacia” con presentazione del Dr. Piero Renzulli, già Consulente per la Sicurezza presso le Nazioni Unite (Small Business, Longobardi Ed., pag. 222, aprile 2004 - presentata al Congresso Nazionale della Federazione Nazionale dei Farmacisti Italiani - maggio 2004; Standard Edition, Led Web International, (ISBN) pag. 264, Torino, ottobre 2004 - presentata alla Fiera del Libro di Francoforte - Buchmesse - del 6/10 ottobre 2004);
According to the Pew Research Centre, 90% of young adults aged 18-29 are likely to use social media.
Coupled with the statistic that 60% of employers are likely to check candidate's social media, the importance to have a positive online presence is highlighted.
I have gathered five top tips which I think are useful for students using social media and seeking employment.
Full blog post available:
http://ow.ly/IZ61302OWWW
Este documento ofrece una guía sobre el asesoramiento de empresas familiares. Proporciona consejos sobre cómo mejorar la comunicación familiar, proteger el patrimonio familiar, planificar la sucesión, minimizar impuestos y profesionalizar la gestión. También destaca la importancia de establecer protocolos familiares y de socios para definir las reglas que gobiernan las relaciones entre la familia y la empresa y así garantizar la continuidad del negocio a través de las generaciones.
Este documento presenta una introducción a la figura jurídica de la extinción de dominio en México. Explica que se adoptó para combatir patrimonialmente a los grupos delictivos y puede afectar bienes de delincuentes o de terceros. Luego define la extinción de dominio, sus fundamentos constitucionales, características del proceso y condiciones para los bienes sujetos a ella. Finalmente, resume criterios jurisprudenciales y el modelo colombiano, enfatizando que es un proceso civil autónomo del penal.
Bollocks: Does swearing in the office make marketers more productive?Jan Sysmans
The document discusses whether swearing in the office makes marketers more productive. It notes that more women admit to swearing than men, and swearing is more common in face-to-face conversations than online. Research suggests swearing can increase pain tolerance and decrease perceived pain by acting as a harmless emotional release. However, the document questions if there are better ways to deal with stress than swearing and proposes improving team collaboration and visibility into workflows to reduce bottlenecks.
This document discusses alternative financing models for the 21st century called "Open Capital" and "Economy 3.0". It proposes that trust-based credit instruments between individuals and communities can replace debt and derivatives. Specifically, it outlines two models: 1) Capital Partnerships that allow investors to share in production through prepaid credit for assets like land and energy; and 2) Guarantee Societies that enable peer-to-peer credit through mutual assurance pools. The goal is for financing to be relationship-based rather than transactional, aligning stakeholders' interests while providing sustainable alternatives to conventional capital.
Raimondo Villano is the president of the Rotary Club of Pompei Oplonti Vesuvio Est. The document contains the copyrighted words "Rotary International" repeated multiple times and is authored by Raimondo Villano for the 2000-2001 Rotary year. It appears to be documenting Villano's role and time as president of the Rotary club.
From Bad to Worse to Nearly Perfect: Making Large Scale IA Changes to a Live ...Kelsey Peters
What happens when you combine two previously separate subsites into one? A little chaos and a lot of broken links. In the fight between decentralization and centralization, issues of duplication and IA standardization are front and center.
In this case study, Zoe Barker Jacobs and Kelsey Peters explain how DePaul University took a live college site's biggest content problem head-on. They will share lessons learned about content auditing, mitigating issues when making large-scale changes in a live site, and how this project helped spread the word on governance at their institution.
Learn how to plan for a large-scale IA change, why duplicate content is not only bad for SEO but can lead to legal trouble and that instituting governance may not be so scary after all.
(Presented at Confab Higher Ed, 11/16/16)
1. Este documento estabelece as condições mínimas para a apresentação de projetos de aterros sanitários de resíduos sólidos urbanos.
2. É necessário consultar portarias do Ministério do Interior para aplicação da norma.
3. São definidos termos como aterro sanitário, lixiviação, percolado, resíduos sólidos urbanos e outros.
This workshop provides an overview of UI and design for non-designers. It covers finding inspiration from sites like Dribbble and CallToIdea, resources for graphical assets like colors, images, icons and fonts, and design rules of thumb for creating a visual identity with principles like using grayscale with color accents, proper font sizes and spacing, subtle shadows and filters, and consistent proportions. An example sketch sprint demonstrates applying these concepts to build a newsletter banner in Sketch. The goal is to give attendees a crash course in UI and design fundamentals to apply to their projects.
R. Villano - Antibioticoresistenza 2 ediz. p.te 6Raimondo Villano
54. R. Villano “Antibioticoresistenza”. Si tracciano cenni storici sul concetto di antibiosi, su ricerche, scoperta e produzione degli antibiotici e sul loro ruolo mondiale non solo terapeutico ma anche strategico dal secondo dopoguerra. Poi, si esaminano a livello nazionale ed internazionale: le problematiche inerenti consumo, uso improprio e abuso di antibiotici nell’uomo, in zootecnia, agricoltura e, quindi, nel ciclo alimentare e nell’ambiente; le politiche di contrasto al fenomeno dell’iperprescrizione e nei cittadini il grado di informazione e consapevolezza dei rischi; le linee guida di buona prassi comportamentale del malato; i documenti principali di lotta a tale emergenza. Si effettuano, inoltre, una rassegna analitica e un approfondimento su alcune super patologie (tubercolosi, gonorrea, meningite, ecc.) e sulle resistenze batteriche ai principali antibiotici. Si realizzano, infine, una ricognizione sull’attualità delle tecnologie e degli indirizzi di ricerca applicata e una rassegna sulle principali recenti nuove terapie. Chiude il lavoro un’appendice tecnica contenente un apparato essenziale di normative e direttive ministeriali italiane e comunitarie europee sul tema. Chiron, ISBN 978-88-97303-25-1, CDD 303 VIL mus 2015, LCC DG461-583.8, Roma, pp. 164, Prima Edizione maggio 2015; Prima Ristampa giugno 2015; Seconda Edizione luglio 2015);
Sari Kehusmaa: Etelä-Pohjanmaan maakuntaprofiili - I&O-kärkihankkeen aluekierrosTHL
Sari Kehusmaan esitys Kehitetään ikäihmisten kotihoitoa ja vahvistetaan kaiken ikäisten omaishoitoa (I&O) -kärkihankkeen maakuntatilaisuudessa Seinäjoella 18.11.2016. THL:n tuottama maakuntaprofiili antaa kattavan käsityksen iäkkäiden palvelujen ja omaishoidon nykytilasta ja tulevien vuosien haasteista Etelä-Pohjanmaalla.
www.thl.fi/iomaakunnat
La ideología de género sus peligros y alcancesRamón Copa
LA IDEOLOGÍA DE GÉNERO, SUS PELIGROS Y ALCANCES
Se ha estado oyendo durante estos últimos años la expresión "género" y muchos se imaginan que es solo otra manera de referirse a la división de la humanidad en dos sexos, pero detrás del uso de esta palabra se esconde toda una ideología que busca precisamente hacer salir el pensamiento de los seres humanos de esta estructura bipolar.
Los proponentes de esta ideología quieren afirmar que las diferencias entre el varón y la mujer, fuera de las obvias diferencias anatómicas, no corresponden a una naturaleza fija que haga a unos seres humanos varones y a otros mujeres. Piensan más bien que las diferencias de manera de pensar, obrar y valorarse a sí mismos son el producto de la cultura de un país y de una época determinados, que les asigna a cada grupo de personas una serie de características que se explican por las conveniencias de las estructuras sociales de dicha sociedad.
Quieren rebelarse contra esto y dejar a la libertad de cada cual el tipo de "género" al que quieren pertenecer, todos igualmente válidos. Esto hace que hombres y mujeres heterosexuales, los homosexuales y las lesbianas, y los bisexuales sean simplemente modos de comportamiento sexual producto de la elección de cada persona, libertad que todos los demás deben respetar.
No se necesita mucha reflexión para darse cuenta de lo revolucionaria que es esta posición, y de las consecuencias que tiene la negación de que haya una naturaleza dada a cada uno de los seres humanos por su capital genético. Se diluye la diferencia entre los sexos como algo convencionalmente atribuido por la sociedad, y cada uno puede "inventarse" a sí mismo.
The document discusses defining the relationship between an agency and its client. It emphasizes open communication, mutual respect, empowerment, and treating the agency as an extension of the client's internal team. The agency values smarts, egalitarianism, mentoring, trust, accountability, and making contributions to others' success. It also notes the importance of responsiveness, information flow, feedback, feeling part of the team, and making a visible difference.
R. Villano-Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial ResistanceRaimondo Villano
54. R. Villano “Antibioticoresistenza”. Si tracciano cenni storici sul concetto di antibiosi, su ricerche, scoperta e produzione degli antibiotici e sul loro ruolo mondiale non solo terapeutico ma anche strategico dal secondo dopoguerra. Poi, si esaminano a livello nazionale ed internazionale: le problematiche inerenti consumo, uso improprio e abuso di antibiotici nell’uomo, in zootecnia, agricoltura e, quindi, nel ciclo alimentare e nell’ambiente; le politiche di contrasto al fenomeno dell’iperprescrizione e nei cittadini il grado di informazione e consapevolezza dei rischi; le linee guida di buona prassi comportamentale del malato; i documenti principali di lotta a tale emergenza. Si effettuano, inoltre, una rassegna analitica e un approfondimento sualcune super patologie (tubercolosi, gonorrea, meningite, ecc.) e sulle resistenze batteriche ai principali antibiotici. Si realizzano, infine, una ricognizione sull’attualità delle tecnologie e degli indirizzi di ricerca applicata e una rassegna sulle principali recenti nuove terapie. Chiude il lavoro un’appendice tecnica contenente un apparato essenziale di normative e direttive ministeriali italiane e comunitarie europee sul tema. È in diverse istituzioni scientifiche, storiche, professionali e in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; Scienze Mediche e farmaceutiche Sede di Medicina Università di Genova; Dipartimento di Scienze farmaceutiche Università di Padova;Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis; nazionali: Napoli, Roma, Firenze, Potenza; Malatestiana di Cesena.(Chiron, ISBN 978-88-97303-25-1, CDD 610VILant2015 it, LCC DG461-583.8, Prima Edizione, pp. 164, Napoli, maggio 2015; Prima Ristampa giugno 2015; Seconda EdizioneISBN 978-97303-27-5, CDD 610VILant2015it , LCC NXI-820, pp. 256, Roma,luglio 2015);
R. Villano - Colophon libro “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, Raimondo Villano
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
Colophon libro di R. Villano "Superbugs & Superdrugs"Raimondo Villano
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
R. Villano-Superbugs & superdrugs-Look back at some super diseasesRaimondo Villano
This document discusses several super diseases that are becoming a challenge for public health due to rising antibiotic resistance and decreasing treatment options. It focuses on tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, and pneumococcal disease. For each disease, it provides statistics on global prevalence and impact. It also discusses the rise of multidrug-resistant strains of each disease. The document emphasizes the need for improved surveillance, diagnostic tools, treatment protocols, vaccination strategies, and new antibiotics to effectively tackle these super diseases.
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs: major resistance to antibioticsRaimondo Villano
16. R. Villano “Superbugs & Superdrugs”, You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research, discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient; the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis, gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics. We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme. (Chiron dpt Praxys, Roma, June 2015, pp. 256);
R. Villano - Superbugs & superdrugs - Council Recommendation on patient safe...Raimondo Villano
This document provides a summary of a Council Recommendation on patient safety and the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections. It discusses how 8-12% of hospitalized patients in EU member states suffer adverse events during healthcare. It estimates 4.1 million healthcare-associated infections per year resulting in 37,000 deaths. The recommendation aims to improve patient safety by establishing reporting systems, training healthcare workers, developing common safety definitions and indicators, and sharing best practices between member states. It specifically recommends developing national strategies to prevent and control healthcare-associated infections by strengthening surveillance systems and allocating resources. The document defines key terms and recommends various actions member states can take to promote patient safety.
The document discusses measuring public attitudes toward antibiotic use and resistance. It notes that inappropriate antibiotic use by the public has contributed to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Psychosocial factors like knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes toward antibiotic use are closely related to misuse. The document proposes two studies: 1) A review of existing instruments for measuring public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to antibiotic use and resistance. 2) Qualitative work including interviews to develop preliminary questionnaire items to comprehensively measure these constructs in the public. The goal is to reliably measure the public's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors to help address the issue of antimicrobial resistance.
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics amongst Nigerians.docxEdwinOkon1
The document discusses the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in Nigeria and the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. It summarizes how antibiotics revolutionized medicine but are now facing resistance due to overuse and misuse. Specifically, it notes that many Nigerians engage in self-diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics, abuse antibiotics for minor issues like diarrhea, and do not complete full treatment courses. This antibiotic misuse has led to increased resistance in bacteria like MRSA. The document calls for public education campaigns and limits on antibiotic sales to curb further resistance, which could enable new pandemics of resistant bacterial infections.
a research presentation done by Augustine Mwaawaaru Level 400) and Matthew Frimpong Antwi (Level 300) students of( Presbyterian University College-Ghana on Antimicrobial resistance and the way foeward in Ghana. contact 0261825262
Microbiology Medical Subject Department Development - www.biomed.fitBiomed Fit
Microorganism is the general term for all tiny microorganisms that are invisible or invisible to the naked eye. The structure is relatively simple, the individual is small (generally <0.1mm), and can be divided into prokaryotes, eukaryotes and non-cells according to their evolution level and traits
The process of human understanding of microorganisms
The hard-to-understand microbial world
Intensive care units are considered epicenters of antibiotic resistance due to the frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for critically ill patients, close proximity of patients allowing transmission of resistant bacteria, and presence of chronically ill patients who may harbor resistant bacteria. The overuse of antibiotics in ICUs places significant selective pressure on bacteria to develop resistance. Infections caused by resistant bacteria in ICUs have major impacts on patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Strategies to reduce the emergence and transmission of resistant bacteria in ICUs include minimizing antibiotic use through improved prescribing and surveillance of resistance patterns, implementing strict infection control measures, and optimizing antibiotic therapy based on culture results.
1. The document discusses microbial threats to health in the United States from both natural and manmade sources.
2. It reviews some historical threats like smallpox and newly emerging infections like anthrax.
3. Key strategies for addressing threats are recognition through surveillance of new diseases and coordinated intervention efforts like vaccine development, research, and public education.
This document summarizes an article that discusses the global crisis of antibiotic resistance. It describes how antibiotic resistance is an ancient phenomenon, but has become a major public health issue due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both human medicine and agricultural settings. The article discusses the discovery and early successes of antibiotics, but how resistance emerged soon after their widespread use. It notes the lack of new antibiotic development and the rise of multidrug resistant bacteria as major drivers of the current crisis. The economic and human impacts of antibiotic resistance are also summarized.
R. Villano - Pharmaceutical safety & quality short twentieth century'Raimondo Villano
Conference by Ordinary Academic A.I.S.F. Raimondo Villano (Saturday, June 8, 2013 - Morning Session - Communications on any subject) in the National Congress of Italian Academy of the History of Pharmacy AISF (Trento, White Gallery Piedicastello, 7/9 June 2013) Under the Patronage of: History Museum Foundation of Trento, Italian Federation of Pharmacists Orders, Unifarco for Culture, Unifarm; Chiron, CDD 230 VIL ele 2013, LCC CB3-482, pp. 44, Rome, June 2013;
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health today. When bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, common infections become harder to treat and even deadly. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics is accelerating this problem. Urgent action is needed across all sectors including changes in how antibiotics are prescribed and used by individuals, farmers, health systems and policymakers to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics and reduce the spread of resistant infections. The WHO has created a global action plan with initiatives to improve awareness, surveillance, infection prevention and optimize antibiotic use to tackle this growing public health crisis.
Awareness Session On Antimicrobial resistance “Antimicrobials: Spread Awaren...Nimra zaman
The World Antimicrobial Awareness Week (WAAW) was introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) to increase global awareness of antimicrobial resistance.
The WAAW takes place every year from 18-24th of November.
The theme of World Antimicrobial Awareness Week (WAAW) 2021 is ‘Spread Awareness, Stop Resistance’.
During this week best practices are shared among the general public, health workers and policy makers to show the importance of stopping the further emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance.
US National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant BacteriaDr Dev Kambhampati
This document outlines a national strategy for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the United States. It identifies 5 goals: 1) slow the development and spread of resistant bacteria, 2) strengthen national surveillance efforts using a "One Health" approach, 3) advance diagnostic tests to identify resistant bacteria, 4) accelerate research on new antibiotics and therapies, and 5) improve international collaboration. It discusses the threat antibiotic resistance poses and the need for a coordinated response across human, animal, agricultural, and environmental sectors. The strategy provides objectives and targets to reduce serious antibiotic-resistant threats by 2020 through implementing measures across these goals.
Global Medical Cures™ | National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant ...Global Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Omicron XBB.1.5 and BQ.1/BQ.1.1 subvariants are driving increased COVID cases in some areas due to high transmissibility. Updated bivalent boosters target the original strain and BA.5, reducing severe outcomes. While new antivirals treat COVID, long COVID causes persistent symptoms. Monkeypox cases have been reported in over 100 countries primarily among men who have sex with men. Antibiotic resistance poses a threat if overuse and misuse continue, requiring improved stewardship, sanitation, and new drug development.
Future ICT, AI, Computing and IoT in Support of Microbiology and Infectious D...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Future ICT, AI, Computing and IoT in Support of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Treatment by Eduard Babulak in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
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Villano - Cenni su aspetti sociosanitari di rilievo degli anni ‘70 del ‘900Raimondo Villano
ABS. DA :
R. Villano “Uomo - Malattia - Cura: storia, analisi e profili evolutivi”. Nell’incessante attività tra gli estremi della prevenzione dai malanni e della tutela della salute può insinuarsi la malattia, il cui rapporto con l’uomo ha come fulcro dell’azione di contrasto la cura e il farmaco; più in senso lato, la relazione uomo-malattia-cura (e/o tutela-prevenzione) è una relazione tra uomini e civiltà, sintesi di osmosi e baricentrici equilibri di competenze e prospettive tecniche, scientifiche, professionali, politiche, sociali, economiche, culturali e religiose. Attorno a questa triade ruota una galassia di problematiche delle quali si cerca in questo volume di delinearne le principali, beninteso senza alcuna velleitaria pretesa di esaustività. Il libro si sviluppa in 9 capitoli, con il 10° di riflessioni conclusive cui segue un apparato di sezioni tecniche dettagliate di ausilio, riferimento e approfondimento specifico.
Villano Thesaurus Pharmacologicus: farmaci del XIX secolo con Regio Permesso ...Raimondo Villano
“Thesaurus Pharmacologicus: medicamenti, rimedi, segreti, strumenti e pratiche speziali”, con il patrocinio di: Pontificia Accademia Tiberina; Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico; Accademia Europea per le Relazioni Economiche e Culturali; con la presentazione del Presidente della Federazione Ordini Farmacisti Italiani Dr. Andrea MANDELLI che, tra l’altro, afferma: “redatto con la tenacia del ricercatore, il gusto del bibliofilo e la mano sicura del farmacista. Con il merito della divulgazione delle origini della farmacologia, un merito da poco, in un’epoca che tende ad appiattire le discipline scientifiche in una sorta di eterno presente, nascondendone il faticoso divenire nell’arco dei secoli. In questo senso, il Thesaurus Pharmacologicus si inscrive nella giovane tradizione della storia del sapere scientifico, uno dei filoni più interessanti e fecondi della ricerca storica contemporanea”. Vincitore della LXXIV edizione del Premio nazionale Massimo Piccinini per la ricerca storico-scientifica (già assegnato ai massimi Storici Conci e Pedrazzini) conferito il 12 dicembre 2014 a Roma dall’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria-Mi.BACT. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero
R. Villano - S.M. Ordine di Malta - Aspetti nobiliariRaimondo Villano
24. R. Villano “Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum. Storia, spiritualità e sovranità nelle tradizioni e nella modernità del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta” con presentazione di Mons. Prof. Raffaele Ferriero, Penitenziere del Duomo di Napoli e Rettore della Chiesa di San Ferdinando di Napoli; con il patrocinio dell’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e di Chiron dpt Hystart. Secondo S.E. Ven. Balì Gran Croce di Giustizia Fra’ Franz VON LOBSTEIN, già Gran Priore di Roma e Membro del Sovrano Consiglio del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta, “il libro si distingue per approfondita informazione e scorrevolezza di esposizione”. On. Giorgio NAPOLITANO, Presidente della Repubblica: “volume che costituisce un interessante excursus nella storia e nelle tradizioni dell’Ordine melitense”. Apprezzato da numerose altre Autorità civili, religiose e melitensi, tra cui: il Santo Padre, S.A. E.ma il Principe e Gran Maestro del SMOM, vari regnanti d’Europa e Alti Prelati. È in varie prestigiose istituzioni governative, scientifiche, storiche, professionali, in molti Istituti Italiani di Cultura, in diverse istituzioni religiose, pontificie e vaticane, in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Quirinale; Città del Vaticano; Biblioteca Magistrale del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta; Casa de la Zarzuela, Madrid-Spagna; Residenza dell’Arciduca del Lussemburgo; Palazzo Reale di Alberto II del Belgio; Palais du Prince de Monaco-Montecarlo; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Centrale Giuridica-Roma; Braidense-Milano. (Digitall, pag. 335, 1^ edizione feb 2008; 2^ ed. Pergamena, mar 2008; 3^ ed., pag. 360, Pergamena, dic 2008; 4^ ed., ISBN 978-88-904235-43, LCC DG 831, CDD 900 VIL tui 2008, pp. 390, Pergamena, ott 2009);
Il rapporto tra malattia e organi viventi ha come fulcro la cura e il farmaco (e, in tempi recenti, la tutela e la prevenzione); la relazione uomo-malattia-cura (e/o tutela-prevenzione) è una relazione tra uomini e civiltà, sintesi di osmosi e baricentrici equilibri di competenze e prospettive tecniche, scientifiche, professionali, politiche, sociali, economiche, culturali e religiose.
Selezione di fotografie originali e inedite realizzate dal 2013 al 2020, con colonna sonora. L’autore, partendo dalla considerazione di Molière in ‘Anfitrione’ che “le bestie non sono tanto bestie come le considera l’uomo”, giunge a condividere appieno questo pensiero di San Giovanni Paolo II: “c’è nell’uomo un soffio, uno spirito che assomiglia al soffio e allo spirito di Dio. Gli animali non ne sono privi”. I soggetti sono sovente plastici nei riflessi di luce, catturati da un obiettivo introspettivo che sembra scavarne l’intimo intercettando percezioni e, in generale, esaltandone maestosità e dignità nella complessità del creato.(51,2 Mb; 1 file, 85 diapositive), Holding tutorial: Villano International Business Team; Direzione: VIBT Dpt no. 13 - Arte & Cultura; Supervisione: Fondazione Chiron; Realizzazione artistica: Photo Light creative fine art; Coordinamento editoriale: Chiron Edizioni; Elaborazione tecnica: ChironDpt Ph@rma, Roma
Già a partire dal titolo, il libro nasconde in sé una serie di domande fondamentali. La risposta di Villano è audace e serena. L’Autore non è intimorito dal tempo virtuale, che penetrando nella cultura ne condiziona le basi cambiandole e, non di rado, sconvolgendole. In un contesto socio-culturale in cui gradualmente vengono meno le certezze, e con esse anche la speranza, il tentativo di restituire fiducia offerto da Villano incoraggia e apre insperati laboratori di ricerca. Patrocinio della già Pontificia Accademia Tiberina e dell’Accademia Europea per le Relazioni Economiche e Culturali; con presentazione del Rev. Mons. Tomasz TRAFNY, Responsabile del Dipartimento Scienza e Fede del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura e Direttore esecutivo del Progetto STOQ - Science, Theology and the Ontological Quest - che, in collaborazione con le sette Università Pontificie Romane (Lateranense, Gregoriana, Regina Apostolorum, San Tommaso - Angelicum, Santa Croce, Salesiana, Urbaniana), è teso a sviluppare il dialogo fra scienza, filosofia e teologia, al fine di confrontare la visione cristiana del mondo, dell’uomo e della società con le molteplici sfide teoretiche, etiche e culturali che nascono dallo sviluppo della scienza ed è diretto a studenti, scienziati, filosofi e teologi e a quanti siano interessati ad approfondire le basi razionali della propria fede o ad approfondire la possibilità di divenire credenti all’inizio del Terzo Millennio.
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Rotary International District 2100 Italy - Study Group ExchangeRaimondo Villano
Rotary International District 2100 Italy - Study Group Exchange
September 2020
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24075.31527
Conference: SCAMBIO GRUPPI DI STUDIO ROTARIANI
Project: Organizzazioni non governative ONG
Villano - SMOM Granpriorati e Sottopriorati - Presidenti AcismomRaimondo Villano
24. R. Villano “Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum. Storia, spiritualità e sovranità nelle tradizioni e nella modernità del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta” con presentazione di Mons. Prof. Raffaele Ferriero, Penitenziere del Duomo di Napoli e Rettore della Chiesa di San Ferdinando di Napoli; con il patrocinio dell’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e di Chiron dpt Hystart. Secondo S.E. Ven. Balì Gran Croce di Giustizia Fra’ Franz VON LOBSTEIN, già Gran Priore di Roma e Membro del Sovrano Consiglio del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta, “il libro si distingue per approfondita informazione e scorrevolezza di esposizione”. Apprezzato da numerose Autorità civili, religiose e melitensi, tra cui: il Capo dello Stato, il Santo Padre, S.A. E.ma il Principe e Gran Maestro del SMOM, vari regnanti d’Europa e Alti Prelati. È in varie prestigiose istituzioni governative, scientifiche, storiche, professionali, in molti Istituti Italiani di Cultura, in diverse istituzioni religiose, pontificie e vaticane, in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Quirinale; Città del Vaticano; Biblioteca Magistrale del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta; Casa de la Zarzuela, Madrid-Spagna; Residenza dell’Arciduca del Lussemburgo; Palazzo Reale di Alberto II del Belgio; Palais du Prince de Monaco-Montecarlo; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Centrale Giuridica-Roma; Braidense-Milano. (Digitall, pag. 335, 1^ edizione feb 2008; 2^ ed. Pergamena, mar 2008; 3^ ed., pag. 360, Pergamena, dic 2008; 4^ ed., ISBN 978-88-904235-43, LCC DG 831, CDD 900 VIL tui 2008, pp. 390, Pergamena, ott 2009);
Ogni scatto, in effetti, condensa una sorta di plurisemanticità che dal singolo episodio sollecita un’interezza narrativa cui fa riferimento, avvalendosi della capacità della fotografia di introdurre tematiche di carattere emotivo e concettuale passando dalla rappresentazione del reale alla sua interpretazione o al suo coinvolgimento. In particolare, seguendo l’indole narrativa di un linguaggio a tratti esplicito o intuitivo o simbolico, silenzioso per natura ma sovente non disgiunto dalla riflessione filosofica o dalla creazione letteraria, lascio sostanzialmente percepire una sorta di battito ideale di un ‘cuore iconografico’. Non di rado le opere emanano l’aura di questo battito che, in una fluidità narrativa che lega una progenie di contenuti aperti, si unisce all’aura di luce e colore, trasformati in energia che riverbera. In vari momenti le immagini evocano narrazioni in cui il sentimento tocca un’ampia messe di sue forme nella vita quotidiana e si è coinvolti da un pathos dal senso dolente, drammatico, sacrale, la cui forza accompagna lo sguardo sulle immagini, catturate girovagando e scrutando per conoscere e comprendere, in continui toccanti e irripetibili incontri con l’altro e l’altrove. Dunque, lo sforzo complessivo è teso ad un uso del mezzo fotografico come strumento oltre che di partecipazione alla rapida e costante evoluzione della realtà circostante soprattutto di mediazione emotiva e concettuale con la società. Infine con la sintesi dell’autore, audiofilo sin dall’adolescenza, in questa sua opera multimediale la musica non è solo accompagnamento o commento ma anche protagonista insieme all’immagine, tendendo alla sinestesia di una prolungata e profonda contaminazione percettiva, in una poliedrica esperienza: una uditiva musicale, una visiva di contenuti sia iconografici che scoperti o evocati o intuiti con la musica ed una letteraria o concettuale. Non di rado poi la ricerca si cimenta nella selezione di musica che conduce di gradino in gradino dalla bellezza, dalla delicatezza e dall’armonia verso l’eterno e l’infinito, dunque grande musica di dimensione spirituale e dalle potenzialità espressive dell’ineffabile e dell’invisibile al tempo stesso, che peraltro sono l’anima della religione.
13. R. Villano “Manuale sanitario per la terza età”, patrocinio Rotary Club Pompei Oplonti Vesuvio Est. Opera largamente apprezzata e di grande popolarità. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Istituto Culturale Rotariano dei Rotary Club d’Italia-Milano.(Eidos, pp. 114; Pompei, settembre 2000);
25. R. Villano “Thesaurus Pharmacologicus: medicamenti, rimedi, segreti, strumenti e pratiche speziali”, con il patrocinio di: Pontificia Accademia Tiberina; Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico; Accademia Europea per le Relazioni Economiche e Culturali; con la presentazione del Presidente della Federazione Ordini Farmacisti Italiani Dr. Andrea MANDELLI che, tra l’altro, afferma: “redatto con la tenacia del ricercatore, il gusto del bibliofilo e la mano sicura del farmacista. Con il merito della divulgazione delle origini della farmacologia, un merito da poco, in un’epoca che tende ad appiattire le discipline scientifiche in una sorta di eterno presente, nascondendone il faticoso divenire nell’arco dei secoli. In questo senso, il Thesaurus Pharmacologicus si inscrive nella giovane tradizione della storia del sapere scientifico, uno dei filoni più interessanti e fecondi della ricerca storica contemporanea”. Vincitore della LXXIV edizione del Premio nazionale Massimo Piccinini per la ricerca storico-scientifica (già assegnato ai massimi Storici Conci e Pedrazzini) conferito il 12 dicembre 2014 a Roma dall’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria-Mi.BACT. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Soprintendenza Beni architettonici, paesaggistici, storici, artistici ed etnoantropologici per province Caserta e Benevento; Marciana-Venezia; Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; Archivio di Stato-Roma; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis. (Ed. Chiron, ISBN 978-88-904235-05, pp. 115, giugno 2009; Prima ristampa, luglio 2009, pp. 115);
R. Villano - Assistenza sanitaria a cittadini stranieriRaimondo Villano
13. R. Villano “Manuale sanitario per la terza età”, patrocinio Rotary Club Pompei Oplonti Vesuvio Est. Opera largamente apprezzata e di grande popolarità. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Istituto Culturale Rotariano dei Rotary Club d’Italia-Milano.(Eidos, pp. 114; Pompei, settembre 2000);
13. R. Villano “Manuale sanitario per la terza età”, patrocinio Rotary Club Pompei Oplonti Vesuvio Est. Opera largamente apprezzata e di grande popolarità. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Istituto Culturale Rotariano dei Rotary Club d’Italia-Milano.(Eidos, pp. 114; Pompei, settembre 2000);
R. Villano - Thesaurus pharmacologicus: forme spezialiRaimondo Villano
. Villano “Thesaurus Pharmacologicus: medicamenti, rimedi, segreti, strumenti e pratiche speziali”, con il patrocinio di: Pontificia Accademia Tiberina; Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico; Accademia Europea per le Relazioni Economiche e Culturali; con la presentazione del Presidente della Federazione Ordini Farmacisti Italiani Dr. Andrea MANDELLI che, tra l’altro, afferma: “redatto con la tenacia del ricercatore, il gusto del bibliofilo e la mano sicura del farmacista. Con il merito della divulgazione delle origini della farmacologia, un merito da poco, in un’epoca che tende ad appiattire le discipline scientifiche in una sorta di eterno presente, nascondendone il faticoso divenire nell’arco dei secoli. In questo senso, il Thesaurus Pharmacologicus si inscrive nella giovane tradizione della storia del sapere scientifico, uno dei filoni più interessanti e fecondi della ricerca storica contemporanea”. Vincitore della LXXIV edizione del Premio nazionale Massimo Piccinini per la ricerca storico-scientifica (già assegnato ai massimi Storici Conci e Pedrazzini) conferito il 12 dicembre 2014 a Roma dall’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria-Mi.BACT. È in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Ministero della Salute; Soprintendenza Beni architettonici, paesaggistici, storici, artistici ed etnoantropologici per province Caserta e Benevento; Marciana-Venezia; Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medio Evo; Institute for the Preservation of Medical Traditions of Smithsonian Institution-Washington USA; Medica Statale; Archivio di Stato-Roma; Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis. (Ed. Chiron, ISBN 978-88-904235-05, pp. 115, giugno 2009; Prima ristampa, luglio 2009, pp. 115);
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
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4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
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4. Raimondo Villano
7
Contents index
Sommario 13
Abstract 15
Résumé 17
Abstrakt 19
Abstracto 21
1. A brief history of antibiotics 25
2. Issues and contrast of antibiotic 33
3. Major resistance to antibiotics 49
4. Look back at some super diseases 55
5. Technologies and research directions 65
6. New therapeutic compounds 77
7. Appendix 85
8. Author profile 169
5. Raimondo Villano
9
“Life is short, art is long,
the favorable opportunity,
attempting misleading,
the difficult decision”
Hippocrates
7. Raimondo Villano
13
Sommario
Si tracciano cenni storici sul concetto di antibiosi, su ricerche, scoperta e
produzione degli antibiotici e sul loro ruolo mondiale non solo terapeutico
ma anche strategico dal secondo dopoguerra. Poi, si esaminano a livello
nazionale ed internazionale: le problematiche inerenti consumo, uso
improprio e abuso di antibiotici nell’uomo, in zootecnia, agricoltura e,
quindi, nel ciclo alimentare e nell’ambiente; le politiche di contrasto al
fenomeno dell’iperprescrizione e nei cittadini il grado di informazione e
consapevolezza dei rischi; le linee guida di buona prassi comportamentale
del malato; i documenti principali di lotta a tale emergenza. Si effettuano,
inoltre, una rassegna analitica e un approfondimento su alcune super
patologie (tubercolosi, gonorrea, meningite, ecc.) e sulle resistenze
batteriche ai principali antibiotici. Si realizzano, infine, una ricognizione
sull’attualità delle tecnologie e degli indirizzi di ricerca applicata e una
rassegna sulle principali recenti nuove terapie. Chiude il lavoro
un’appendice tecnica contenente un apparato essenziale di normative e
direttive ministeriali italiane e comunitarie europee sul tema.
8. Raimondo Villano
15
Abstract
You plot historical notes on the concept of antibiosis, on research,
discovery and production of antibiotics and their global role not only
therapeutic but also strategic since World War II. Then, you look at
national and international issues related consumption, misuse and overuse
of antibiotics in humans, in animal husbandry, agriculture, and thus in the
food chain and the environment; policies to combat the phenomenon of
excessive prescription and citizens in the degree of information and
awareness of the risks; guidelines of good practice behavior of the patient;
the main documents of struggle in this emergency. We make also an
analytical overview and a discussion of some super diseases (tuberculosis,
gonorrhea, meningitis, etc.) And bacterial resistance to major antibiotics.
We realize, finally, a survey on current technologies and addresses of
applied research and a survey on major recent new therapies. Closes work
a technical appendix containing an apparatus essential regulations and
ministerial directives Italian and European Community on the theme.
9. Raimondo Villano
17
Résumé
Vous tracez notes historiques sur le concept de antibiose, sur la recherche,
la découverte et la production d’antibiotiques et de leur rôle dans le monde
non seulement thérapeutique, mais aussi stratégique depuis la Seconde
Guerre mondiale. Ensuite, vous regardez les questions nationales et
internationales liées à la consommation, utilisation abusive et excessive
d’antibiotiques chez l’homme, dans l'élevage, l'agriculture et, donc, dans la
chaîne alimentaire et l’environnement; politiques de lutte contre le
phénomène de la prescription excessive et les citoyens dans le degré
d’information et de sensibilisation des risques; lignes directrices de bonne
conduite de la pratique du patient; les principaux documents de lutte dans
cette situation d’urgence. Nous faisons également un aperçu analytique et
une discussion de certaines super maladies (tuberculose, la gonorrhée, la
méningite, etc.) et de la résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques majeurs.
Nous nous rendons compte, enfin, une enquête sur les technologies et les
adresses de la recherche appliquée en cours et une enquête sur les
principales nouvelles thérapies récentes. Ferme fonctionne une annexe
technique contenant les règlements essentiels de l’appareil et les directives
ministérielles italiennes et de la Communauté européenne sur le thème.
10. Raimondo Villano
19
Abstrakt
Sie plotten historische Anmerkungen über das Konzept der Antibiose, auf
Forschung, Entdeckung und Herstellung von Antibiotika und ihre Rolle in
der Welt nicht nur therapeutisch, sondern auch strategische dem Zweiten
Weltkrieg. Dann schauen Sie auf nationalen und internationalen Fragen im
Zusammenhang mit Konsum, Missbrauch und übermäßige Einsatz von
Antibiotika bei Menschen, in der Tierhaltung, Landwirtschaft, und damit in
die Nahrungskette und die Umwelt; Politik zur Bekämpfung des
Phänomens die übermäßige Verschreibung und Bürger in den Grad der
Information und Sensibilisierung der Risiken; Leitlinien für die gute Praxis
Verhalten des Patienten; die wichtigsten Dokumente des Kampfes in
diesem Notfall. Wir machen auch einen analytischen Überblick und eine
Diskussion einiger Super Krankheiten (Tuberkulose, Gonorrhö, Meningitis,
etc.) und bakterieller Resistenz gegen wichtige Antibiotika. Wir wissen,
schließlich eine Umfrage zu aktuellen Technologien und Adressen von
angewandter Forschung und eine Umfrage zu den wichtigsten aktuellen
neuen Therapien. Schließt Arbeit eine technische Anlage, die eine
Vorrichtung wesentliche Vorschriften und Ministerialrichtlinien
italienischen und europäischen Gemeinschaft über das Thema.
11. Raimondo Villano
21
Abstracto
Trazar notas históricas sobre el concepto de antibiosis, en la investigación,
el descubrimiento y la producción de antibióticos y su papel global no sólo
terapéutico, sino también estratégico desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial. A
continuación, nos fijamos en los asuntos nacionales e internacionales
relacionados con el consumo, el mal uso y abuso de los antibióticos en los
seres humanos, en la ganadería, la agricultura, y por lo tanto en la cadena
alimentaria y el medio ambiente; políticas de lucha contra el fenómeno de
la prescriptión excesiva y los ciudadanos en el grado de información y
conocimiento de los riesgos; pautas de comportamiento de buenas
prácticas de la paciente; los principales documentos de lucha en esta
emergencia. Hacemos también un resumen analítico y una discusión de
algunas enfermedades súper (tuberculosis, gonorrea, meningitis, etc.) y la
resistencia bacteriana a los principales antibióticos. Nos damos cuenta,
por último, un estudio sobre las tecnologías y las direcciones de la
investigación aplicada en curso y una encuesta sobre las principales
nuevas terapias recientes. Cierra funciona un anexo técnico que contiene
un aparato regulaciones esenciales y directivas ministeriales italianas y de
la Comunidad Europea sobre el tema.
15. Raimondo Villano
49
There are few drugs to replace those that have become ineffective, the last
new class of antibacterial drugs was discovered 27 years ago, according to
the Report of the Organization for the United Nations.
As global usage of drugs of last resort grows, the resistance to these drugs
accelerates aggravating the crisis.
The superbug, which is resistant bacteria to antibiotics, continue to spread
and are no longer found only in hospitals. Overuse of antibiotics becomes
an even bigger threat if combined with globalization: trade, travel,
migration and medical tourism spread the multidrug-resistant pathogens in
every corner of the world in a few days.
"More than 70% of the bacteria that cause infections are resistant to at least
one of the antibiotics used to treat them. In the basic medicine it is quite
common that doctors meet streptococcal infections resistant to
azithromycin(37)
. "
And the Italian situation is alarming for the increase of resistance in Gram-
negative bacteria: the frequency of antibiotic-resistance in strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is still high (21%). In Escherichia coli strains, in
particular, resistance to antibiotics fluoroquinolones increased from 25% in
2003 to 41% in 2011, and with the same trend also increases the resistance
to third generation cephalosporins, increased from 6% to 20%( 38)
.
The given sull'antibiotico-resistance, deteriorates especially for bacteria
such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella
pneumoniae, with peaks of 40% of ineffectiveness of drugs.
The Escherichia coli, apparently 'super-resistant', in 2011 is responsible for
the deaths of 51 people in Europe, especially in Germany(39)
.
At the European level continues to increase the 'no answer' to
fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins for the germ(40)
.
______________
(37) Tarayn A. Fairlie, epidemiologist at the Centers for disease control and prevention,
in: Morbidity and mortality weekly report September 2, 2011/60 (34); 1153-1156.
(38) European center for disease prevention and control (ECDC), Document on
antibiotic resistance of the main 7 invasive pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium,
Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in 29 European countries , 2011.
(39) 51 th Congress ICAAC - Interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and
chemotherapy, Chicago, USA, 2011.
(40) Report of the European Center for Diseases Control (ECDC), published on the
occasion of the seventh day of antibiotics, Stockholm, November 18, 2014.
16. Superbugs & Superdrugs
50
The latest WHO report, for example, focuses on Klebsiella pneumoniae,
intestinal bacterium among the most common causes of hospital-acquired
infections such as pneumonia, neonatal or intensive care patients with fatal
outcomes especially in newborns and those in intensive: in some countries,
because of the resistance developed by the germ, more than half of patients
do not respond to carbapenems, antibiotics "last line" that is already used
when others have failed. In Italy it is an emergency for the strains of
Klebsiella pneumoniae producing carbapenemases, enzymes that inactivate
carbapenems, antibiotics of last resort to treat infections with multi-
resistant bacteria: have gone from 1.6% in 2009 to 15% in 2010, to 27% in
2011(41)
, to 29% in 2013. The disturbing result is that our country is
"second only to Greece(42)
."
At European level there is an increase in resistance to cephalosporins of the
third generation and carbapenems for Klebsiella pneumoniae(43)
. "To
understand the extent and rate of spread of the phenomenon of resistance to
carbapenems in Italy just think that in 2008 less than 1% of Klebsielle was
resistant. The percentage became 15% in 2010, 29% in 2012 and 35% in
2013. The carbapenem antibiotics are of last resort, real lifesaver for
infections already resistant to most antibiotics available. The resistance to
carbapenems is due to an excess mortality of at least 30%, even value that
rises in an even more significant in patients particularly fragile(44)
.
Rampant, then, is also the resistance to fluoroquinolones, used in urinary
infections from Escherichia coli: the time of their introduction in the 80s,
resistance to them was virtually zero, while today there are countries in
many areas of the world where They are ineffective in more than one
patient on 2. In our country the resistance of Escherichia coli to
fluoroquinolones was 40%, while cephalosporins exceed 25%(45)
.
Another major problem for Italy is the multi-resistant Acinetobacter (ie
resistant to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and carbapenems) that in
Italy represents more than 50% of the Acinetobacter isolates(46)
.
______________
(41) European center for disease prevention and control (ECDC), Ibid.
(42) Farmacista33, WHO Report: Antibiotic resistance is a real threat, May 7, 2014.
(43) Report of the European Center for Diseases Control (ECDC), Ibid.
(44) National Institute of Health.
(45) Farmacista33, WHO Report, Ibid.
(46) Report of the European Center for Diseases Control (ECDC), Ibid.
17. Raimondo Villano
51
As for gonorrhea, infecting the planet 1 million people a day, cases of 'flop'
of third-generation cephalosporins have been confirmed in Austria,
Australia, Canada, France, Japan, Norway, South Africa, Slovenia, Sweden
and the UK. Gonorrhea, a time well treated with antibiotics, it is once again
a serious threat to public health because of the emergence of new resistant
strains. Drugs that were once a resort treatment for the sexually transmitted
disease that can lead to infertility, blindness and increased likelihood of
HIV transmission if untreated, are now the first-line treatment and
sometimes ineffective among patients in countries such as the United
Kingdom, Canada, Australia, France, Japan, Norway, South Africa,
Slovenia and Sweden(47)
.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one of the most
feared bacteria in hospitals, until two decades ago found mostly in hospitals
and in agriculture, 'it is good' even in homes, at least in the United States of
America. The study says that those who are infected in hospitals or nursing
homes then carries the bacillus at home(48)
.
"The majority of strains of MRSA were found endemic in homes(49)
" for
which "probably do reservoir for colonization, diversification and the
transmission of these bacteria(50)
."
The new study found that even the homes of 161 residents in the city of
New York were infected with MRSA superbug strain of large tanks (called
USA300, which is among the leading causes of infection in the United
States) that, starting from homes these people, it is further spread.
According to the study, therefore, is not enough to cure the infection in the
hospital, but we must try to 'clean up' also the home of patients.
The bacteria are spread through virtually everything you touch, from the
sheets to household appliances, and while it was not yet well understood
the way the superbug is transferred from one surface to another, it is well
known that any object may be contaminated sterilized by washing with hot
water and bleach.
A good idea, then, is to wash your hands often(51)
.
______________
(47) Dina Fine Maron, Ibid.
(48) Study of the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious diseases at Columbia
University Medical Center in New York, published in the journal PNAS in 2014, based
on analysis of 139 infected patients between 2009 and 2011, which have been tested
home and closest relatives to verify the presence of the bacterium.
(49) Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, lead author of the study.
(50) Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Ibid.
(51) Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Ibid.
18. Superbugs & Superdrugs
52
In Italy the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) is at 38% in 2011, against the EU average of less than 20%(52)
;
percentage of resistance in 2014 in Italy remains critical (about 35%) while
most European countries have managed to bring it back to lower levels.
In conclusion, the increasing trend of antibiotic resistance in our country
can only be reversed by a combination of effective interventions whose
main points are the promotion of prudent use of antibiotics in the territory
and effective control strategies for stopping the spread of multi-resistant
bacteria in care facilities(53)
.
Efforts to limit the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, malaria and
HIV are all under threat due to increasing bacterial resistance. Although the
development of resistance is predictable over time, the abuse of drugs has
accelerated the process by providing additional selective pressure, noted
the report that was written by a large team of researchers with the World
Health Organization(54)
. For example, "for respiratory diseases in Uganda, it
collides with a multi-resistant pneumococcal disease by as much as 90% to
treatment with drugs", and alternative medications in that context were not
readily available(55)
.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is also kept in check because it is becoming
resistant to antibiotics of last generation. Among other things, it is the only
streptococcus to which there is also a vaccination indicated for subjects
suffering from chronic bronchitis and immunosuppressed(56)
.
Finally, there are various other superbugs such as, for example, IFN-1 New
Delhi metallo-lattasio, in India since 2010 and defined 'persistent threat(57)
'.
______________
(52) European center for disease prevention and control (ECDC), Document on
antibiotic resistance of major sects invasive pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium,
Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in 29 European countries , 2011.
(53) Report of the European Center for Diseases Control (ECDC), Ibid.
(54) Dina Fine Maron, Ibid.
(55) Stuart Levy, a collaborator of WHO Report and Director of the Center for
Adaptation Genetics and Drug Resistance at Tufts University School of Medicine. Abs.
by: Dina Fine Maron, Antibiotic resistance is now rife throughout the whole world,
Scientific American April 30.
(56) Farmaday, Grew streptococcal infections: strike at any age, from the throat to the
hip, Science and Health, Year III, No. 445, p. 4.
(57) 51st Congress ICAAC - Interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and
chemotherapy, Chicago, USA, 2011.
22. Raimondo Villano
171
Born in 1960. He lives in Rome and Torre Annunziata. Role:
General Manager Villano International Business Team (from
2012); Chiron CEO Publisher, Honorary Member (2013) and
Associate Professor in History of Health Pharmaceutical
Administration Department of Ruggero II University (Miami,
2014), Trader (since 1976), Trader operating financial
independent of bags and forex (since 1983), Knight SMO Malta
(since 2002), President of Chiron Humanitarian Foundation (since 1985).
Academies: History Art Health-Ministry BC, former papal Tiberina, Melitensi
Studies, Medical Tradition Smithsonian Institution-USA, International Society
History Pharmacy, Acc. History Italian Pharmacy, Soc. Napoletana National
History in. h. Noble College Chemical Pharmaceutical. Over 100 conferences
and chairman in dozens of conferences. He collaborates with important
national and international magazines. You Advisory Board Member for the US
Publisher DPC, which publishes in more than 150 nations. Studies: Classical;
degree and abil .: Pharmacy (1985); courses certificates: Medicinal herbs,
Cosmetic Techniques, Corporate Security, HACCP, History, Social Doctrine of
the Church, theology. Degrees h.c.: Human and Social Sciences (2009); History
and Philosophy (2010); Communication Sciences (2013). Master h.c.: Science
Medical Ethics (2010). He was author, organizer and chairman Safety Course for
managers, obtaining the High Patronage of the Head of State and the UN (2000),
Secretary International Committee Biothecnologies Wabt-Unesco 2008-13,
Diplomatic Adviser AEREC dpt ENVA (from 2011), member of World
Academy Biomedical Technology (Unesco 2007-12), 11 years in the Scientific
Committee of the Health Security IBD (company responsible for the security of
the Courts Naples Appeal Court), Board Beaumont Foundation Onlus research
on cancer with the Prefect of Naples (2011-12), member of European Academy
for Economic and Cultural Relations (2004-15). 32 years partner and owner of
the pharmacy. Partner since 1990, Secretary to 29 years 1990-95 and 2000
Rotary Club President Pompeii-Vesuvius; Comm.ni in Rotary District 2100-
Italy: Professional Ethics, Global Action, Computer; among the many
international roles: archeology Pompeii-Carthage; Committee Prize Magna
Grecia. Napoli president, national Coordinator and founder Federation Young
Chemists; Representative National Trade Union Federative. Assistant
Microbiology Fac. F.cia Na (1985-90, Chair Prof. Lembo-Inst. Sup. Health).
International awards: Diploma of Honor for exceptional services individually
in 5 Vie Action by President Rotary International (Evanston 2001: only 100 /
23. Superbugs & Superdrugs
172
year / 1.5 million members); Merit Anti-Crime Task Force-Rotary Italy, Albania,
former Yugoslavia, San Marino (Zurich 2001); Sapientia Mundi-Ethics (Rm
2008); Union Legion of Gold-Work (Rm 2010); Veritas in Charitate-Religion
(2011); Bonifaciano-Culture and Society (2011); Norman-Publishing Gold
Medal (Rm 2014); Norman-Health Galen of Pergamum (Rm 2014). National
Awards: Aesculapius-Health Patronage Ministers Council (Rm 1987); LXVIII
Piccinini-Search (Rm 2006); LXV Stramezzi-Health (Rm 2007); Capitolino-
humanitarian activities (Rm 2010); Tiberino-Culture (Rm 2012); LXXIV
Serono-History (Rm 2012), AEREC-Culture (Rm 2013); Merit Public Health
(DPR 2013), Tiberino-Science (Rm 2014). Author of over 730 publications
health, professional, scientific, historical, religious; more than 50 books (many
translated into English, French, some German, Spanish) with prestigious
publishers as Zanichelli and sponsorship by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage,
Unesco, Rotary, University, etc., present in Italian libraries (including:
Quirinale, National Academy Science, Ministries) and more than 40 countries
(including: National Health Institute-USA, Nationale de France, Congress UK),
in cultural institutes, Universities, Museums; a book made its debut at the
Frankfurt Fair. Catalogues: 2000 Outstanding Intellectuals IBC-Cambridge from
2010; OPAC SBN with over 160 works; from 2010 Sheet Authority Ministry
BAC. Various books are appreciated by authorities, including several times the
Head of State and the Holy Father.
Some books: Global Information Society, 1996; Rotary for Man, 2001;
Managing security in Pharmacy (pres. Dr. Renzulli, already the UN Security
Consultant, 2004); Art and history Pharmacy (pres. Professor Ledermann, Presid.
Em. International Pharmacy History Society, 2 ed., 2006); History and activities
of the SMOM (4th ed., 2007); Pharmaceutical meridians between secular ethics
and Catholic moral (pres. Professor Tarro, Comm. Naz.le Bioethics, 3 ed., 2008);
Thesaurus Pharmacologicus (pres. Presid. Pharmacists Italian Dr. Mandelli
2009); Time sculpted silent eternity. Reflections on diachronic investigation for
memory homo faber (pres. Eminent historian Fra 'von Lobstein and critic Prof.
Carosella, 2 ed., 6 repr., 2010); Pharmaceutical business United Naples (Pres .:
Presid. It Accemia. History Pharmacy Dr. Ravens, 2010); Logos and Theophany
in the digital time (pres. Mons. Trafny, President Dpt Science-Faith Pontifical
Cons. Culture, 2012); Religious aspects and ecclesial dimension SMOM (2013).
Among the more than 40 multimedia: Outline art and history pharmacy (patr.
AISF, 2002); Influenza A / H1N1 (patr. Unesco, 2009).