Please find the power point on Antimicrobial resistance. I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you

1. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
Sunil Kumar Daha

2. • Antimicrobial drugs are medicines that are
active against a range of infections, such as
those caused by bacteria (antibiotics), viruses
(antivirals), fungi (antifungals) and
parasites (including antimalarials)

3. Survival of the Fittest
• It is actually an evolutionary problem
• By failing to complete the full dose of
antibiotics and inappropriate use, antibiotics
exert selective pressure against bacteria,
killing all the susceptible strains, but letting
the resistant strains survive and reproduce.

4. • Common Examples:
• MRSA
• VRSA
• MDR Tuberculosis

5. No more treatment options on the
shelf
• When not even last resort drugs like
Vancomycin and Carbapenam are free from
resistance, an estimated 10 MILLION deaths
due to AMR by 2050 is highly predictable.

6. • The first step is ACCOUNTABILITY:
• That as humans, we have not only knowingly
and/or unknowingly collaborated to bring
antimicrobial resistance into existence but we
have been responsible for its propagation
also.

7. Stop with the generalisations
• Don’t kill an ant with a bomb
• Know about the epidemiology of disease,
especially in your own geographical region

8. A global public awareness program

9. Improve sanitation and prevent the
spread of disease
• Economical problem: 60% of global disease
burden due to lack of access to safe drinking
water and sanitation
• Emphasize proper hand washing
• Use a checklist even in surgical rooms and the
medical setting

10. Reduce unnecessary use of
Antimicrobials in Agriculture and their
dissemination into the environment
• 80% of the antibiotics sold in the United
States are used in the animal husbandry
industry – to fatten them up, increase life
expectancy in unhygienic conditions
• Even growing citrus fruits and vegetables
injected with antimicrobials
• They can spread and their resistant strains and
by consuming them, we begin yet another
cycle

11. Improve global surveillance of drug
resistance and antimicrobial
consumption in humans and animals
• So we can keep track of patterns and trends in
resistance and use this epidemiological
evidence to our advantage – prescribing right
drugs
• To set a limit and take action when that limit is
crossed
• To encourage formulation of appropriate
policies

12. Promote new, rapid diagnostics to
reduce unnecessary use of
antimicrobials
• Emergence of resistant strains of organisms
causing gonorrhea is primarily because there
is no proper rapid diagnostic kit for it

13. Promote development and use of
vaccines and alternatives
• Timely vaccination
• Areas that fail to vaccinate its population are
inadvertently producing populations that are
the most likely to be affected
• Poor immunity, increased incidence of
infections

14. Improve the number, pay and
recognition of people working in
infectious disease
• The issue clearly deserves attention and we
need to encourage those actively participating
in tackling this problem
• They require an incentive

15. A global innovation fund for early
stage and non commercial resource
and development
• Every country should as far as possible give
this issue a priority budget-wise, especially
G20 countries
• Long term cost if this problem is not tackled
effectively will be substantially higher in the
future, so present

16. References
• O’Neill, Jim, Adams, Elisabeth, Brown,
Catherine et al. “Tackling Drug Resistant
Infections Globally” 2016, p.(1-80)

17. Thank you!