This document summarizes organic practices for managing plant diseases on farms. It discusses principles of plant disease management including exclusion, elimination, avoidance, protection and resistance. It then outlines organic disease control practices that can be implemented before, during and after planting, including site selection, composting, crop rotation, and use of beneficial organisms. Specific practices for diseases in crops like tomatoes, cardamom and potatoes are provided as examples. The document notes both benefits and limitations to organic disease management approaches.

1. DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
IN ORGANIC
FARMING

2. GROUP MEMBERS
1. HIMANSHU V. LAL - 10BSCAG003
2. ESTHER GARIMA - 10BSCAG048
3. APOORVA SHUKLA - 10BSCAG059
4. DOVE MARWEIN -10BSCAG025
5. B.DAMEAN. GURUNG - 10BSCAG002
6. TYLLILANG NONGLAIT -10BSCAG035
7. ANKIT SHARMA - 10BSCAG142
8. NGAWANG TENZIN - 11BSCAG135
9. SAGAR ACHARYA - 10BSCAG107

3. INTRODUCTION
• Diseases controls are important because of the
loss they cause on crops.
• The loss can be occur at any time between
sowing and consumption of the harvest from
the field
• There is no doubt that a big portion of this
stored food does not reach the mouth of
hungry millions.

4. PRINCIPLES OF PLANT DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
• Exclusion– prevent entry and establishment
• Elimination– removal or reduction of pathogen
• Avoidance– alter time and place of cultivation
• Protection– treat the plant to prevent infection
• Resistance– use plants genetics to limit infection
and disease development
• Therapy– curative measures to limit pathogen

5. OUTLINE
• Organic disease control practices
before planting
• Organic disease control practices
at planting
• Organic disease control practices
after planting

6. ORGANIC PRACTICES - BEFORE
PLANTING
1.Site Analysis
2.Crop selection–must be suited for the location
3.Cropping method
4.Plant spacing–can make or break an epidemic
5.Site preparation
6.Composting–building the soil is most important
7.Planting material–disease free, resistant or tolerant

7. ORGANIC PRACTICES – AT
PLANTING
1.Weed control
2.Planting method and Fertilizer
3.Irrigation
4.Pest portfolio –understand life
cycles and diseases

8. ORGANIC PRACTISES – AFTER
PLANTING
1.Scouting & record keeping
2.Cultural practices
3.Sanitation
4.IPM
5.Use of approved pest control products
6.Fertility and Irrigation management
7.Beneficials
8.Breaking disease cycles
9.Crop rotation, fallow

9. 1:Ginger for viral and bacterial
infection
Requriement:
Ginger, Cow urine, bucket and laddle
Procedure
1. 1/2 kg of ginger paste
2. Mixed it with 5 litres of cow urine
3. Keep it for 10-15 minutes
4. Spray it in tomatoes
5. Successful in tomato mosaic as preventive

10. Application of cow urine prevents bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) in
tomato, potato and chilies. Cow urine is left undisturbed for two weeks and allowed to
ferment. This fermented urine is diluted with water ten times and sprayed on the
plants.
Figure: Ginger Paste Figure: Cow urine

11. 2:Flooding- Flooding is followed to control the
problem of soil borne pathogens.
• Flooding can be used as a form of
disease management
• Its primary purpose is to reduce weeds,
but it can also reduce the number of
fungal propagules, insects and
nematodes in the soil
• Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium,
Verticillium, and Armillaria are a few
of the soilborne pathogen
Figure: Flooding
technique in Paddy field
(Meghalaya)

12. • Flooding can aid the destruction
of crop debris carrying
inoculum.
• Flooding has variable success in
disease management, depending
on the pathogens present
• Application of organic manures
before flooding also helps to
manage soil borne pathogens.
• Good quality manure contains
an appropriate balance of all the
microorganisms necessary to
provide the soil with defenses
against pathogens.
Figure: Flooding
Paddy Field

13. 3:Earthing up- The problem of Pythium
damping off in nurseries of brinjal and tomato is
overcome by earthing up the soil.
• Hilling, earthing up or ridging is the
technique in agriculture and horticulture of
piling soil up around the base of a plant. It can
be done by hand (usually using a hoe), or with
powered machinery, typically
a tractor attachment.
• Hilling may also be used to stabilize the stems
of crops which are easily disturbed by wind.

14. • EXAMPLE:
A common application of hilling is for
potatoes. The tubers grow just below the
surface, and can produce chlorophyll and
solanine if exposed to light (green potatoes).
Solanine is toxic in large doses, and can
result in nausea, headache, and in rare
cases, death. By hilling one or more times
during the growing season – effectively,
burying the potatoes in an additional few
inches of soil – yield is improved, and
the harvest remains edible.

15. • Horsetail tea is used against
fungal diseases like
(mildew, rust, scab, soil
borne pathogenic fungi)
• And it is especially applied
on garden crops and
• Also root dip treatment and
tree spray
4:Horsetail Tea-Practiced carried
out in Bhutan
Botanical Name: Equisetum
Horsetail

16. • Collect the green plants of horsetail
and put it in the water
• Allow it to ferment for about 10 days
• The extracted liquid which is
fermented is ready for spray after 10
days.
• And is sprayed @ the ratio of 1:8
4.1:Horsetail Extraction

17. • Collect horsetail and dry it under shade
• Use 2kg dry horsetail with 5litres of
water
• Soaked about 12 hours
• Collect the solution and spray at the ratio
of 1:8
• Solution can be stored for about 2
months
4.2:Horsetail Tea Preparation

18. TRICHODERMA
• T. harzianum, T. viride and T. hamatum are
common species used in biological control.
• Trichoderma is an avirulent plant symbiont
that occurs in all agricultural soils.
• Highly competitive and displays antagonism
against other pathogenic fungi.
• Successfully cultured for use as a biofungicide
• Releases compounds that activate plant
defense mechanism.

19. USED AGAINST:
• Club root of broccoli
•Pythium rot of seedlings
•Fusarium wilt of different
crops
•Bulb rot, damping off and
pink rot of onion

20. USED AS:
•Seed treatment of vegetables
•Sprayed on seedlings and
plants
•Mixed with compost and
applied in the field
Pic: Tricholeachate

21. 6:CHOICE OF CROPPING SYSTEM
•Monocropping favors the development of plant disease
epidemics.
•Multicropping,polycropping or agroforestry systems can
greatly reduce the impact of plant diseases.
EXAMPLE:
Host: Carica papaya
Disease: Phytophthora blight
Pathogen: Phytophthora palmivora
•Proximity of adjacent plants increases the chance of infection
from spores produced on neighboring plants, and increases
the power of the pathogen population to adapt to the host
and to the environment.

23. ORGANIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT
IN CARDAMOM (SIKKIM)
• Eighty progressive farmers from all four Districts of
SIKKIM visited Lava in Algarah Block of
Kalimpong Sub-division in Darjeeling District of
West Bengal during February-March 2012.
• Farmers of the state visited large cardamom
plantations at village Gitbeong and learnt of the
different management practices adopted by the
farmers there.
• They practiced fully organic agronomic practices
with use of organic Farm Yard Manure along with
provision of irrigation water during the lean winter
season using indigenous methods and resources like
:

24.  the harvested culms were all collected, heaped
and burnt thereby helping in effective
management of the disease inoculum in field.
With large cardamom being a cross pollinated crop,
a few plants of the Churmpa variety, a wild
cultivar of large cardamom which was maintained
by each farmer in his plot helped in imparting host
plant resistance to the cultivated species.

25. LIMITATION OF ORGANIC DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
• Reliance on organic pest control products
probably won’t save you. It is very difficult to
control many plant diseases using sprays or
applications of organically-approved products
intended for pest control.
• Brain and brawn are your best options. It is much
better to take a systems approach to managing the
crop to minimize plant diseases. This usually
means the a lot more planning and human labor
are required.
“BUILD THE SOIL”

26. CONCLUSION
1. Work with nature – not against it
2. Management rather than control
3. Prevention is better than cure

27. THANK YOU
ONE AND ALL
FOR YOUR
KIND
ATTENTION