This document discusses quantification and statistical techniques in social research. It begins by defining quantification as the act of counting and measuring human observations and experiences to map them to quantities. Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and statistical analysis of data from polls, questionnaires, and surveys. The document then discusses how quantification is used in economics and psychology through gathering empirical data and using statistical analysis techniques like regression analysis. It also outlines several statistical techniques used for data analysis, including descriptive, exploratory, inferential, predictive, and causal techniques. Specific statistical methods discussed include mean, standard deviation, regression, sample size determination, and hypothesis testing.
What is Social Research
Social research is the combination of Three Words “Social” means society “Re” means again and again and “Search” means to discover, to find and to investigate. Social research is a procedure to investigate the social problems and issues and also it helps us to find the causes and give solution for problems which are faced by society.
Social Research is a method used by social scientists and researchers to learn about people and societies.
social research works to answer many of the questions we have about human behavior. Through scientific study, social research seeks to understand the how and why of human behavior.
Social research is a systematic and logical pursuit made by human beings to find out knowledge from any “phenomenon or relationship”.
Definitions of Social Research
Webster’s Dictionary: “defines it as a careful and critical investigation in the light of newly discovered facts.
Johoda: “It is a continuous investigation for facts is order to solve a problematic situation”,
Roger Bennet: “Research is the discovering of facts through systematic and scientific process.
Fogg: “It is the systematic process of pre-planned inquiry”.
Objectives of Social Research
To discover new ideas
To collect data about an issue, problem or social phenomena.
To provide principles for problems.
Provide knowledge for the solution of a problem.
To remove social tension, misconception, and myths.
To find new ideas and verify old ideas.
To give logical and rational ideas.
Importance of Social Research
Identifying the causes of social problems: social research logically finds the causes of problems from grass root level.
Solution of problems: by the help of Social Research we an be able to effectively solve a particular problem .
New ideas and techniques: social research provides new ideas and technique to solving the individuals, groups, and communities problems.
To develop theories. Many social scientist haves presented their theories through social research. All social, psychological, and environmental theories had been depended on social research.
Increase knowledge: social research is also consider as source of knowledge increase. It increases the knowledge of human being.
What is Social Research
Social research is the combination of Three Words “Social” means society “Re” means again and again and “Search” means to discover, to find and to investigate. Social research is a procedure to investigate the social problems and issues and also it helps us to find the causes and give solution for problems which are faced by society.
Social Research is a method used by social scientists and researchers to learn about people and societies.
social research works to answer many of the questions we have about human behavior. Through scientific study, social research seeks to understand the how and why of human behavior.
Social research is a systematic and logical pursuit made by human beings to find out knowledge from any “phenomenon or relationship”.
Definitions of Social Research
Webster’s Dictionary: “defines it as a careful and critical investigation in the light of newly discovered facts.
Johoda: “It is a continuous investigation for facts is order to solve a problematic situation”,
Roger Bennet: “Research is the discovering of facts through systematic and scientific process.
Fogg: “It is the systematic process of pre-planned inquiry”.
Objectives of Social Research
To discover new ideas
To collect data about an issue, problem or social phenomena.
To provide principles for problems.
Provide knowledge for the solution of a problem.
To remove social tension, misconception, and myths.
To find new ideas and verify old ideas.
To give logical and rational ideas.
Importance of Social Research
Identifying the causes of social problems: social research logically finds the causes of problems from grass root level.
Solution of problems: by the help of Social Research we an be able to effectively solve a particular problem .
New ideas and techniques: social research provides new ideas and technique to solving the individuals, groups, and communities problems.
To develop theories. Many social scientist haves presented their theories through social research. All social, psychological, and environmental theories had been depended on social research.
Increase knowledge: social research is also consider as source of knowledge increase. It increases the knowledge of human being.
Sociological Research Methods- Qualitative and quantitativeSameena Siddique
This detailed presentation includes different research methods involved in social sciences. It gives a wonderful account of the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods.
Understand the Meaning of Research, Social Research & Social Work Research and How Social Workers should do Research ?Social Work Research is the application of Research methods to the production of knowledge that Social Workers need to solve problems they confront in the practice of Social Work.Learn the types of Types of Social Work Research
Tools and techniques in qualitative and quantitative researchDeepikakohli10
The presentation is about different Tools and techniques used for Research. It will help students, teachers, researchers and teacher educators to select appropriate tools and techniques for their research purpose.
Sociological Research Methods- Qualitative and quantitativeSameena Siddique
This detailed presentation includes different research methods involved in social sciences. It gives a wonderful account of the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods.
Understand the Meaning of Research, Social Research & Social Work Research and How Social Workers should do Research ?Social Work Research is the application of Research methods to the production of knowledge that Social Workers need to solve problems they confront in the practice of Social Work.Learn the types of Types of Social Work Research
Tools and techniques in qualitative and quantitative researchDeepikakohli10
The presentation is about different Tools and techniques used for Research. It will help students, teachers, researchers and teacher educators to select appropriate tools and techniques for their research purpose.
Understanding the importance of statistics transcends mere numbers; it’s a cornerstone in various facets of life, particularly in the dynamic realm of business. Statistics is more than just crunching data; it’s the compass that guides decision-making, unveils patterns, and empowers informed choices within the business landscape. Statistics serves as the language that deciphers the story within data. It helps in interpreting information, spotting trends, and drawing conclusions vital for informed decision-making.
Notes of BBA /B.Com as well as BCA. It will help average students to learn Business Statistics. It will help MBA and PGDM students in Quantitative Analysis.
Unit III - Statistical Process Control (SPC)Dr.Raja R
The seven tools of quality – Statistical Fundamentals – Measures of central Tendency and Dispersion, Population and Sample, Normal Curve, Control Charts for variables Xbar and R chart and attributes P, nP, C, and u charts, Industrial Examples, Process capability, Concept of six sigma – New seven Management tools.
Statistical methods and analyses are used to communicate research findings and give credibility to research methodology and conclusions. It is important for researchers and also consumers of research to understand statistics so that they can be informed, evaluate the credibility and usefulness of information, and make appropriate decisions.
THIS IS THE SECOND SECTION OF BUILDING BLOCK OF SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WHERE THE CONCEPTS & VARIABLES ARE DISCUSSED IN EXPLANATORY FORM. HOPE THIS IS USEFUL & SUGGESTION IS INVITED.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. INTRODUCTION
In mathematics and empirical science, quantification is
the act of counting and measuring that maps human
sense observations and experiences into quantities.
Quantification in this sense is fundamental to the
scientific method.
Quantitative methods emphasize objective
measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or
numerical analysis of data collected through polls,
questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-
existing statistical data using computational
techniques.
3. QUANTIFICATION
In the social sciences, quantification is an integral part
of economics and psychology.
Both disciplines gather data (economics by empirical
observation) and (psychology by experimentation)
Both use statistical techniques such as
regression analysis to draw conclusions from it.
5. INTRODUCTION
In the modern world of computers and information
technology, the importance of statistics is very well
recognized by all the disciplines. Statistics has
originated as a science of statehood and found
applications slowly and steadily in Agriculture,
Economics, Commerce, Biology, Medicine, Industry,
planning, education and so on. As on date there is no
other human walk of life, where statistics cannot be
applied.
6. MEANING
Statistics is concerned with scientific methods for
collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting and
analyzing data as well as deriving valid conclusions and
making reasonable decisions on the basis of this analysis.
Statistics is concerned with the systematic collection of
numerical data and its interpretation.
The word ‘statistic’ is used to refer to
1. Numerical facts, such as the number of people living in
particular area.
2. The study of ways of collecting, analyzing and
interpreting the facts.
7. STATISTICS: MEANING
The practice or science of collecting and analyzing
numerical data in large quantities, especially for the
purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those
in a representative sample is known as Statistics.
8. SCOPE
Statistics is not a mere device for collecting numerical
data, but as a means of developing sound techniques
for their handling, analyzing and drawing valid
inferences from them.
Statistics is applied in every sphere of human activity
social as well as physical like Biology, Commerce,
Education, Planning, Business Management,
Information Technology, etc. It is almost impossible to
find a single department of human activity where
statistics cannot be applied. We now discuss briefly the
applications of statistics in other disciplines.
9. LIMITATION
Statistics is not suitable to the study of qualitative
phenomenon:
Statistics does not study individuals:
Statistical laws are not exact:
Statistics table may be misused:
Statistics is only, one of the methods of studying a
problem:
10. CONCLUSION
Statistics is indispensable in this modern age aptly
termed as "the age of planning".
Statistical data and techniques of statistical analysis are
immensely useful in solving economical problems
such as wages, price, time series analysis, demand
analysis.
12. Data analysis has two prominent methods: qualitative
research and quantitative research. Each method has
their own techniques. Interviews and observations are
forms of qualitative research, while experiments and
surveys are quantitative research.
13. TYPES
Descriptive
Exploratory
Inferential
Predictive
Causal.
Some, however, are more specific, such as qualitative
analysis, which looks for things like patterns
and colors, and quantitative analysis, which focuses on
numbers.
14. PROCESS
Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing,
transforming, and modeling data with the goal of
discovering useful information, suggesting
conclusions, and supporting decision-making.
The term data analysis is sometimes used as a
synonym for data modeling.
15. STATISTICAL METHODS
Mean
The arithmetic mean, more commonly known as “the
average,” is the sum of a list of numbers divided by the
number of items on the list. The mean is useful in
determining the overall trend of a data set or providing
a rapid snapshot of your data. Another advantage of the
mean is that it’s very easy and quick to calculate.
16. Standard Deviation
The standard deviation, often represented with the
Greek letter sigma, is the measure of a spread of data
around the mean. A high standard deviation signifies
that data is spread more widely from the mean, where
a low standard deviation signals that more data align
with the mean. In a portfolio of data analysis methods,
the standard deviation is useful for quickly
determining dispersion of data points.
17. Regression
Regression models the relationships between
dependent and explanatory variables, which are
usually charted on a scatter plot. The regression line
also designates whether those relationships are strong
or weak. Regression is commonly taught in high
school or college statistics courses with applications
for science or business in determining trends over
time.
18. Sample Size Determination
When measuring a large data set or population, like a
workforce, you don’t always need to collect
information from every member of that population – a
sample does the job just as well. The trick is to
determine the right size for a sample to be accurate.
Using proportion and standard deviation methods, you
are able to accurately determine the right sample size
you need to make your data collection statistically
significant.
19. Hypothesis Testing
Also commonly called t testing, hypothesis testing
assesses if a certain premise is actually true for your
data set or population. In data analysis and statistics,
you consider the result of a hypothesis test statistically
significant if the results couldn’t have happened by
random chance. Hypothesis tests are used in
everything from science and research to business and
economic.