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Social science Research Methodology explained
1. Social Science
Research Methodology
Dr. M. Swarna Latha
Director of the Webinar
Vice-Principal,
Univ. Arts & Science College
Chair Person, Board of Studies
Dept. of Sociology and Social Work
Kakatiya University, Warangal
2. Research Definition
Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or
the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so
as to generate new concepts, methodologies and
understandings. This could include synthesis and analysis of
previous research to the extent that it leads to new and
creative outcomes.
(Dept. of Education and Training, Western Sydney
Education, Australia,
3. Research Methodology
It is a science of specific procedures or techniques used to
identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic.
Throw light on their limitations and resources, clarify their
presuppositions and consequences, identifying their
potentialities .
It is The Study of Research Method
The methodology section allows the evaluator or reader to
critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability.
A logical step by step way of solving a research problem
Helps conduct scientific inquiry.
Helps understand the Products and process of the Research
5. Qualitative Research
It collects and analyze non-numerical data
and interpret meaning of these data.
it is a micro level study of the social
interaction that help understand social life.
it allows to understand the meanings
people attribute to their behavior, actions,
and interactions with others.
Produces Descriptive Data requires that
requires interpretation through transcribing,
coding and analysis processes.
6. Data collection Methods in
Qualitative Research
a) Observation
b) Open Ended Surveys
c) Focus Group
d) In depth Interviews
e) Oral History
f) Participant Observation
g) Case Study
h) Ethnographic Studies
i) Phenomenology
j) Grounded Theory
k) Content Analysis
7. Quantitative Research
systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena
via statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.
The process of measurement is central to quantitative
research because it provides the fundamental connection
between empirical observation and mathematical expression
of quantitative relationships.
this method is based on August Comte’s theory of Positivism
Positivism emphasizes the use of scientific method. through
observation and empirical testing of hypotheses, the
research unfolds in explaining and predicting the what,
where, why, how, and when of the observable phenomena
These studies do not provide reasoning behind participants'
responses, they often do not reach underrepresented
populations, and they may span long periods in order to
collect the data
8. Quantitative Research objectives
to determine the relationship between one thing
[an independent variable] and another [a
dependent or outcome variable] within a
population.
Quantitative research designs are either
descriptive [subjects usually measured once] or
experimental [subjects measured before and after
a treatment].
A descriptive study establishes only associations
between variables; an experimental study
establishes causality.
10. Quantitative Research Data
Collection Methods -2
The data is usually gathered using structured research
instruments.
The results are based on larger sample sizes that are
representative of the population.
The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given
its high reliability.
Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which
objective answers are sought.
All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is
collected.
Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in
tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual forms.
Project can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict
future results, or investigate causal relationships.
Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer
software, to collect numerical data.
11. Steps in Research
Problem Identification/Topic Selection
Review of Literature
Problem Formulation
Research Proposal
Research Methodology
Sample Selection
Preparation of Tools of Data Collection
Data Collection
Analysis and Interpretation
Research Report
References
12. Research Design in Quantitative
Research -1
Introduction
Research Problem
Review of Literature
Theoretical
Framework
Significance of the
Study
Objectives
Hypotheses
Scope and limitations
Future Implications
/expected outcomes
of the study
Operational
Definitions
13. Research Design in Quantitative
Research -2
Methodology
Nature of the Study
Methodology of the Research
Population /Universe of the Study
Sampling Techniques
Data Collection technique
Data Analysis
14. Research Design in Quantitative
Research -3
Results
Statistical Analysis
Discussion
Interpretation
Description of the data
Implications of the data findings
Significance of the study in filling the research gaps
Limitations
Conclusion
Summary of Findings
Suggestions and Recommendations
Future implications of the study
15. Research Report
Title
Authorization
Affiliation
Year of Report Submission
Acknolwedgements
Contents
Introduction
Review of Literature
Research Methodology
Data Analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusions and Summary
of Findings
References
Bibliography
Notes
Glossary
Appendix
16. Citation Styles
MLA Style
Crossman, Ashley. "An Overview of Qualitative Research
Methods." ThoughtCo, Feb. 11, 2020,
thoughtco.com/qualitative-research-methods-3026555
APA Style
Crossman, Ashley. (2020, February 11). An Overview of
Qualitative Research Methods. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/qualitative-research-methods-
3026555
Chicago Style
Crossman, Ashley. "An Overview of Qualitative Research
Methods." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/qualitative-
research-methods-3026555
(accessed July 29, 2020).
17. References:
Crossman, Ashley. (2020, February 11). An Overview of Qualitative
Research Methods. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/qualitative-research-methods-3026555
OECD (2015). Frascati Manual. The Measurement of Scientific,
Technological and Innovation Activities.
doi:10.1787/9789264239012-en. ISBN 978-9264238800.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_research
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_research
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/qualitative
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/quantitative
(viewed on 27.07.2020)