The document discusses seven quality measurement tools: brainstorming, cause and effect diagrams, flow charts, checksheets, histograms, Pareto charts, control charts, and scatter diagrams. It provides an overview of the purpose and benefits of each tool. The tools can be used to identify problems, determine causes of variation, visualize processes, prioritize issues, and monitor quality control. The overall goal of using these tools is to improve quality, decrease costs, increase productivity and market share through data-driven process analysis and optimization.

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Quality Measurement Tools

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Objectives
 Present an overview of Seven Quality Tools
 Address purpose and applications
 Highlight benefits
 Why Do This "Quality"?
The Deming Chain
 Improve Quality
 Decrease Costs
 Improve Productivity
 Decrease Price
 Increase Market
 Provide More Jobs
 Return on Investment

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Cycle of Quality Improvement
Seven Quality Tools
 Cause and Effect Diagrams
 Flow Charts
 Check sheets
 Histograms
 Pareto Charts

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 Control Charts
 Scatter Diagrams
Brainstorming Quality tool
 Brainstorming is a procedure that allows a group to express
problem areas, ideas, solutions, or needs.
 It allows each participant to state their opinion in a non-threatening
environment.
 Brainstorming helps a group create many ideas in as short a time as
possible.
Rules
• Best in a diverse group
• Go around room and get input from all – one idea per turn
• Continue until ideas are exhausted
• All ideas are valid
• No criticism
• Discuss ideas

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• Look for answers
Cause and Effect (Fishbone Diagram) Quality Tool
Purpose:
 A Cause & Effect Diagram is a graphic representation used when
you need to identify, explore, and display the possible causes of a
specific problem or condition.
 “Fishboning” represents a sophisticated form of brainstorming.
Benefits:
 Breaks problems down into bite-size pieces to find root cause
 Fosters team work
 Common understanding of factors causing the problem
 Road map to verify picture of the process
 Follows brainstorming relationship.

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Flow Charts Quality Tool
Purpose:
Visual illustration of the sequence of operations required to complete a
task
 Schematic drawing of the process to measure or
improve.
 Starting point for process improvement.
 Potential weakness in the process are made visual.
 Picture of process as it should be.
Benefits:
 Identify process improvements
 Understand the process
 Shows duplicated effort and other non-value-added
steps

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 Clarify working relationships between people and
organizations
 Target specific steps in the process forimprovement.
Checksheets (Quality Tool)
Purpose:
 Tool for collecting and organizing measured or counted data
 Data collected can be used as input data for other quality
tools
Benefits:
 Collect data in a systematic and organized manner
 To determine source of problem
 To facilitate classification of data (stratification)
Histograms (Quality Control Tool)
 A graphic summary of variation in a set of data.
 The pictorial nature of the histogram lets people see patterns that
are difficult to detect in a simple table of number.
 A histogram is a picture of the statistical variation in your process.

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Purpose:
 To determine the spread or variation of a set of data points in a
graphical form.
Benefits:
• Understand the variation that exists in a process
• Tell you to unseen causes of variation.
• Help to identify otherwise hidden sources of variation
• Used to determine the capability of a process
• Starting point for the improvement process
Pareto Charts (Quality Control Tool)
Purpose:
 Prioritize problems.
How is it done?
 Create a preliminary list of problem classifications.
 Tally the occurrences in each problem classification.
 Arrange each classification in order from highest to lowest

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 Construct the bar chart
Benefits:
 Pareto analysis helps graphically display results so the significant
few problems emerge from the general background
 It tells you what to work on first
Control Charts (Quality Control Tool)
Purpose:
 The primary purpose of a control chart is to predict expected
product outcome.
Benefits:
 Predict process out of control and out of specification limits
 Distinguish between specific, identifiable causes of variation
 Can be used for statistical process control
Common Causes
 Are inherently part of the process.

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 Minute, partially unknown.
 Difficult to control.
 Normal or natural process.
SpecialCauses (Assignable)
 Are not part of the process.
 A large, special, easier to pinpoint.
 Need to be identified quickly to stabilize process.
 Specific problems.
Control Charts Quality Control Tool
 Strategy for eliminating assignable-cause variation.
 Strategy for reducing common-cause variation.
Scatter Diagrams Quality Control Tool
Purpose:
 A scatter diagram shows the correlation between two variables in a
process.
 Dots representing data points are scattered on the diagram.

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 The extent to which the dots cluster together in a line across the
diagram shows the strength with which the two factors are related.