The document discusses sustainable procurement in the health sector. It outlines principles of sustainable procurement including avoiding unnecessary consumption, considering reuse and recycling, and minimizing environmental impacts. It discusses benefits like cost savings, market opportunities, and environmental protection. Key steps in the procurement process are defined to incorporate sustainability like defining requirements, specifications, and contract compliance. Strategies for the health sector include open competitive bidding, maintenance planning, and disposal of obsolete equipment.

1. Procuring and
sustaining resources
By / MahmoudShaqria
‫محمود‬‫شقريه‬‫محمد‬

2. Outlines:
1. Definition of procurement
2. Objective of procurement
3. Principles of sustainable procurement
4. Key concepts in sustainable procurement
5. Benefits of sustainable procurement
6. Sustainability issues in purchasing decisions
7. procurement process
8. How to develop the questionnaire
9. key areas that should be covered
10. HEALTH SECTOR PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES
11. The inclusion of The procurement profile
12. Planning for equipment maintenance and repairs
13. Implementation of procurement Plan

5.  Principles of sustainable procurement include:
1-adopting strategies to avoid unnecessary consumption
and manage demand (this includes the consumption of
energy and water)
2-giving consideration to the purchase of goods and
infrastructure that can be reused, repaired and
recycled, and that include recycled content

6. 3-minimizing environmental impacts over the life of the goods and
services by choosing products or services that have lower adverse
impacts associated with any stage in their production, use or disposal
4-fostering innovation in sustainable products and services through the
design and implementation of procurements
5-ensuring that fair and ethical sourcing practices are applied and that
suppliers are complying with socially responsible practices, including
legislative obligations to employees.

7.  Key concepts in sustainable procurement
1. Value for money: Achieving value for money is
the core principle underpinning Australian
Government procurement. It should be noted
that the price of a good or service is not the sole
determining factor in assessing value for money.
This means that all relevant financial and non-
financial costs and benefits must be considered
over the entire life of the procurement.3
Relevant costs and benefits include
environmental sustainability.

8. 2. Sustainable development: This is commonly defined as ‘development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs.’
3.Sustainability: This depends on maintaining or enhancing the
wellbeing of society over time, and therefore requires that the total
economic, social and natural capital is maintained or improved for
future generations.

9.  Benefits of sustainable procurement
 The benefits of adopting a sustainable procurement approach are
numerous. The receiver of the benefits can be the purchaser, the
market (or supplier) or the community. Some benefits can apply to
all these groups

10. 1. Benefits to the purchaser can include:
 achieving value for money and a more efficient use of public
resources
 generating financial savings through reduced waste disposal
(including reduced packaging to waste); reduced water use;
and reusing materials and products, thereby lowering the
cost of a product over its life cycle

11. achieving positive publicity associated with the
purchase and use of products, services and suppliers
with good environmental and social responsibility
records
providing government leadership to the community in
demonstrating social and environmental
responsibility through the purchase of sustainable
products and services.

12. Benefits to the market can include:
1. increasing the availability of sustainable products
and services at more cost-effective prices
2. expanding the market for sustainable products and
services, with potential benefits for local businesses
3. expanding market opportunities gained from
stronger product and service differentiation

13. 4. reducing transport-related costs such as fuel,
vehicle maintenance and road congestion
5.supporting and encouraging innovation through
demonstrating preference for more sustainable
products and services
6.encouraging industry to develop capacity to operate
in a clean, green economy.

14.  Benefits to the community can include:
1. reducing adverse environmental and social impacts
arising from procurement decisions
2. reducing waste going to landfill
3. saving water and reducing greenhouse gas emissions,
and reducing air and water pollution
4. reducing consumption of both natural and processed
resources

15. 5. promoting health, safety and equality in the community
6.influencing purchasing decisions to support issues such as
recognizing equality and diversity, increasing employment and
skills, and developing local communities and their physical
infrastructure.
7.Improving social inclusion and cohesion through creating
employment and business opportunities for disadvantaged or
marginalized groups.

16.  Sustainability issues in purchasing decisions
When considering a purchase, the sustainability issues could include:
1-examining the need for the product or service, to avoid unnecessary
consumption and manage demand
2-considering the alternatives to purchasing a replacement product, such as
reusing, refurbishing or reconditioning the existing product or its components
to extend its life
3-with all factors being equal in the purchase of a product, choosing products
that contain recycled content, or products that can be reused, repaired, or
recycled at the end of their life

17. 4-choosing products that minimize adverse
environmental and/or social impacts, and that
preferably have been accredited with an
ecolabel
5-utilizing extended warranties
6- considering the environmental management
practices of the supplier/manufacturer .

18. 7- requiring suppliers to meet their employment
obligations under relevant legislation and other related
instruments
8- considering the carbon emissions, pollutants, energy
and water required at all stages of the life-cycle
9- verifying the social responsibility and ethical
behaviour of manufacturers and suppliers of the
product
10- reducing the hazardous and toxic material in
products.

19. Sustainable procurement at each stage of the
procurement process
1. Identify whether there is a need for the
goods or services
 Investigate the genuine need for the procurement by asking ‘Do we really need this?’
 The key message is that considering sustainability at an early stage of procurement decision-
making can identify opportunities to:
 avoid or reduce consumption
 identify whether there is a more sustainable alternative readily available
 rethink and revise specifications in order to improve sustainability outcomes at the concept or
design stage of the procurement

20. 2)Understand the potential environmental and social impacts
and risks
Consider whether the need could be met in a way that minimizes
environmental and social impacts and risks.
Where possible, outline the environmental and social impacts and
risks of the good or service over its lifetime

21. 3)Consider alternatives to buying
Alternatives to buying, such as reuse, hire or
shared goods/services, are part of demand
management strategies. Demand management
encourages a reduction in the volume of goods
purchased, usually through a combination of
behaviour change and technology.

22. • Conduct a risk assessment
Conduct a risk assessment based on the environmental
and social impacts of the procurement that were
identified as part of identifying the business need.
The effort directed to risk assessment for sustainability
should be commensurate with the scale, scope and
identified potential environmental and social impacts of
the procurement.

23. 4)Research alternatives that may offer reduced
environmental and social impacts
 Consider alternative approaches that may be available
in the market, such as reusing or refurbishing existing
goods, or hiring or sharing the required goods.
.

24. 5)Define the sustainability aspects in the
procurement
 Once you have determined the key environmental and
social life-cycle impacts to address, you should now be
ready to set requirements that would minimise these
impacts. However, incorporating sustainability in
procurement decisions should be commensurate with
the size, complexity and risk of the procurement

25. 6)Specify environmental and social
requirements as minimum or desirable.
 Specifications can be provided as either minimum or
desirable requirements. .

26. 7)Focus on the performance
requirements
 This approach allows suppliers to propose innovative solutions
within the environmental and social preferences established.

27. 8)Plan for inclusion of sustainability
requirements in the final contract
 At this stage you should also be planning ahead and
identifying which sustainability requirements will be
included in the final contract with the successful
supplier as contract clauses and/or key performance
indicators

28. 9)Considering broader economic benefits
 The requirement for officials to assess the economic
benefit of procurements valued above $4 million also
provides suppliers with further opportunity to describe
the environmental benefit of the proposed solution

29. 10)Request documentation to support
sustainability attributes
Documentation supporting the claims of the
specified sustainability attributes of the goods or
services should be sought. Any agreements for
the management of packaging and end-of-life
take-back of goods should also be incorporated
in the contract.

30. 11)Include reporting areas to ensure
delivery of environmental and social
specifications
 KPIs and reporting requirements for environmental and
social requirements determined at an earlier stage in
the procurement process should be included in the
contract.

31. 12)Provide debriefings
 Debriefings should be provided to unsuccessful
tenderers on the areas where they did not meet
sustainability criteria. This can assist with increasing
knowledge in the marketplace about sustainable
procurement and improve future responses to
procurement requests.

32.  Follow up environmental and social performance • Identify areas of continuous improvement
13)Compliance
 Through regular meetings and updates, contract managers
should follow-up on the environmental and social performance
and the progress of the supplier against KPIs and other
measures as appropriate. This includes compliance with
specifications and standards that were included in the tender to
mitigate environmental risks.

33. 14)Continuous improvement
 The contract management process is also an
opportunity for the agency to raise any concerns or
suggest new areas to improve sustainability
performance, as well as for the supplier to bring any
ideas for new technologies and goods or services
options to the agency.
.

34.  Determine how the goods will be disposed of in the most environmentally preferable way
Disposal
 At their end of life, goods can be disposed of in a variety of
ways, with the least preferable option usually being landfill.
Where possible and relevant, the disposal of goods should be
considered as part of the procurement planning stage.
 A better option is to ensure the goods are recycled

35. Consider costs that may be associated with the procurement
Below is a list of examples of costs that may be associated with any procurement.
They should be considered when evaluating competing options.
1. Purchase price
2. Delivery
3. Installation and commissioning
4. Energy and fuel
5. Water
6. Consumables
7. Waste from operation
8. Labour
9. Health and safety
10. Maintenance and repair
11. Decommissioning
12. Disposal

36. 15)Assessing supplier sustainability
performance
 This section demonstrates how suppliers and potential
suppliers can be assessed on their sustainability
performance at both a basic and a more advanced
level. The benefits of assessing a supplier’s
performance are also outlined.

37. There are a number ways to check a supplier’s
environmental and social management practices,
including:
1-asking questions of the supplier, either through a questionnaire
or by including questions in your approaches to market
2-verifying environmental or social credentials, for example
through certifications
3-setting reporting requirements through contracts.
4-The appropriate level of investigation into a supplier’s
environmental and social management depends on the relative
size and complexity of the procurement.

38. Putting it into practice—Using environmental
or social certifications as evidence of
sustainability performance
 Environmental or social certifications can indicate more
advanced performance by a supplier. You could ask the
supplier if its operations, or the goods or services it provides,
are verified to the appropriate certifications. These may be:

39.  HEALTH SECTOR PROCUREMENT
STRATEGIES
.1 Procurement should be planned to enable prudent management of
budgets and to ensure achievement of best value for public funds.
.2 The procuring entities (PE) within the public health sector should aim to
acquire
medical supplies and services at optimum terms by taking into account the
acquisition price, payment terms, product and service quality, availability,
supplier support and track record.
.

40. .3 Qualified suppliers shall be given equal
opportunity to bid for supply of medical
products and services.
.4 The highest ethical, professional and legal
standards in procurement should always be
observed in establishing a mutually beneficial
relationship with suppliers and customers

41. .5 All procurement of medical requirements shall be done
through open competitive public bidding unless an
alternative procurement method is justified in accordance
with the relevant provisions in the Public Procurement
and Disposal Act.
.6 There should be a continuous improvement of
procurement processes by procuring
entities to ensure that the processes are simple, efficient
and cost effective.

42. The procurement profile should include, but not be
limited to the following
information:
a) Goods and services purchased and how much was
spent on them;
b) How goods and services were purchased;
c) Current sources of supply and their geographical
location; and
d) Criticality of the goods and services to the
organisation.

43. Planning for equipment maintenance and repairs
.1 In order to take account of costs of ownership, provision should be made in the
procurement plan and the budget for maintenance and repairs.
.2 The procurement contract may include maintenance with clearly set out service
level agreements for a period of time after the expiry of the warranty period.
.3 All medical capital equipment should be subject to a preventive maintenance
programme as well as provision for repairs to ensure continued operational
efficiency of the equipment.

44. .4 In case an existing procurement contract does not cater for
maintenance and servicing, the procuring entity should
appraise and register service providers in
order to establish in advance that they have proven technical
expertise to maintain the equipment.
.5 The service providers should preferably be authorized
agents for the relevant equipment.
.

45. .6 The procuring entity should plan for disposal and
subsequent replacement of such equipment once they
have become old and expensive to run or have
become technologically obsolete

46. .7 The Heads of Departments should submit their
plans to the Head of the Procurement Unit, who
should study and consolidate them and compile a
master plan for approval by the Head of the
Procuring Entity.
.8 The plan should be submitted at least 30 days
before the end of the financial year.
.9 The procurement plan should be prepared in
accordance with the format

47. Implementation of procurement Plan
.1 Unplanned requirements that arise out of unforeseen
operational needs or changes to the user’s annual
procurement plans should be communicated to the
Head of the Procurement Unit immediately such changes
occur.
.2 Regular reports on implementation of the plan should be
prepared by the Procurement Unit. The report is to include
compliance or variances, if any, from
the plan and the implications of such variances, for remedial
action.

48. 3- As far as practicable any existing suitable
substitutes or alternative products should be
considered before initiating procurement of
products not in the plan.

49. .4- PEs should be aware that health sector financing at the
national level is a shared responsibility that is discussed and
agreed upon between Government of Kenya and various
Development Partners under various Joint Funding
Agreements.
Although this may not affect individual PEs at an operational
level, it is important to understand the sources of medical
supplies. However, efforts are
constantly being made at the ministry level to harmonize
supply options for medical commodities to PEs where this is
applicable.

50. Thank you….