This document discusses several quality improvement methods including PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act), Six Sigma, Lean, ISO standards, and others. It defines key terms like quality and improvement. For each method there is a brief overview of the approach and how it is used, such as PDCA representing a cycle of planning, doing, checking, and acting to enact continuous improvement.

1. Quality Improvement
Methods
Dr. Abdalla Ibrahim
Certified Healthcare Surveyor
Accreditation Specialist
abdallaibrahim@hotmail.com

2. Definitions
Quality: Do the right thing right
from the first time and every time
Improvement: Make things better
Method: a series of steps

3. Quality Improvement Methods
Quality improvement includes:
 Product improvement
 Process improvement
 People based improvement

4. Quality Improvement
Methods

5. PDCA
The Deming Cycle is a
model of a logical sequence
of four repetitive steps for
continuous quality
improvement and learning

6. PDCA
The concept of PDCA is based
on the scientific method
"hypothesis"–experiment"–
"evaluation" Francis Bacon (Novum
Organum, 1620)
"Shewhart cycle: Specification,
production, inspection“in 1939.
PDCA “Deming Cycle”
developed in Japan on 1950 by
Dr W. Edwards Deming

7. The Deming cycle, or PDSA cycle:
PLAN: plan ahead for change. Analyze and
predict the results.
DO: execute the plan, taking small steps in
controlled circumstances.
STUDY: check, study the results.
ACT: take action to standardize or improve the
process.

8. TQM:
Total quality management is
a management strategy
aimed at embedding
awareness of quality in all
organizational processes.
If Japan Can... Why Can't We?

9. Preventing mistakes
or defects
review the quality of
all factors involved in
production

10. TQM
 TQM enjoyed widespread attention during
the late 1980s and early 1990s before
being overshadowed by ISO, Lean
manufacturing, and Six Sigma.

11. ISO:
'International Organization
for Standardization'
A network of national
standards bodies makes
up the ISO membership
and represent ISO in
their country.

12. ISO:
'International Organization
for Standardization'
A network of national
standards bodies makes
up the ISO membership
and represent ISO in
their country.

13. Quality Management Methods &
Techniques
ISO: 'International Organization for Standardization'
Because would have different acronyms in different
languages (IOS in English, OIN in French
for Organisation internationale de normalisation),
founders decided to give it the short form ISO.
ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal.
Whatever the country, whatever the language, the short
form of the name is always ISO.

14. ISO develops
International Standards
and impact all our lives.
ISO covers almost all aspects
of technology and business,
food safety and agriculture
and also includes healthcare.

15. ISO International Standards
ensure that:
 Products and services are safe, reliable
and of good quality.
 For business, they are strategic tools that
reduce costs by minimizing waste and
errors and increasing productivity.
 For Companies to access new markets,
and facilitate free and fair global trade.

16. LEAN
Maximize customer
value while minimizing
waste.
The ultimate goal is to
provide perfect value to
the customer through a
perfect value creation
process that has zero
waste.

17. LEAN
 Eliminating waste along entire value streams
 creates processes that need less human
effort, less space, less capital, and less time
 Provide services at far less costs and with
much fewer defects, compared with traditional
business systems.

19. Quality circle:
(Group or people oriented
approach)
A quality circle is a participatory
management technique that
enlists the help of employees in
solving problems related to their
own jobs.

20. Six Sigma

21. Six Sigma
• It measures how many
defects/errors in a process
• Then figure out how to
systematically eliminate
them
• Finally get as close to
perfection as possible

22. Six Sigma (DMAIC)
 Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools
for process improvement.
 It improves the quality of process outputs by
identifying and removing the causes of
defects (errors) and minimizing variability
in manufacturing and business processes.

23.  Six Sigma combines established methods
such as:
 statistical process control
 design of experiments
 failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) in
an overall framework.

24. Six Sigma Structure
Creates a special
infrastructure of people
within the organization:
 "Champions“
 "Black Belts“
 "Green Belts“
 "Yellow Belts“.

25. Six Sigma
In Six Sigma
programs the PDCA
cycle is called
(DMAIC)
Define
Measure
Analyze
Improve
Control"

26. Kaizen
Kaizen, is a concept in
which we practice
continuous improvement
in order to refine each
and every process,
making it more efficient
and easier along the way.

27. Quality Management Methods &
Techniques
Kaizen
改善, Japanese Term: Change for the better
English Term: Continuous Improvement.

29. Continuous Quality Improvement

31. FOCUS-PDCA
Find a process/ Opprtunity for
improvement
Organize a team
Clarify Current knowledge of the
process
Uncover causes of process variation
Select Improvement

32. PDCA/PDSA
Plan
Do
Check/Study
Act

34. FOCUS- PDCA
FOCUS
PDCA

35. FMEA

36. FMEA Steps
 Select a high-risk process and
assemble a team.
 Diagram the process.
 Brainstorm potential failure modes

38. FMEA Steps
 Estimate the severity of the failure
 Estimate the probability of
occurrence
 Estimate the probability of detection

39. FMEA Steps
 Calculate the risk priority number
 Prioritize failure modes
 Identify contributing factors of failure modes
 Redesign process
 Analyze and test the new process
 Implement and monitor the redesigned
process

40. FADE QI model

41. FADE QI model
 There are 4 broad steps to the FADE QI model:
 FOCUS: Define and verify the process to be improved
 ANALYZE: Collect and analyze data to establish baselines, identify
root causes and point toward possible solutions
 DEVELOP: Based on the data, develop action plans for
improvement, including implementation, communication, and
measuring/monitoring
 EXECUTE: Implement the action plans, on a pilot basis as
indicated, and
 EVALUATE: Install an ongoing measuring/monitoring (process
control) system to ensure success.

42. Any Question