Anatomy and physiology of lungs Targeting drug delivery pulmonary drug delivery Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily used to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their site of action. Delivery of anti-asthmatic and other locally acting drugs directly to their site of action reduces the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect, while the low concentrations in the systemic circulation may also reduce side-effects. The drugs which are administered by pulmonary route are not only for lungs delivery but it goes to systemic circulation and produce the effect where it is desired through out the body. For Eg. A product containing ergotamine tartrate is available as an aerosolized dosage inhaler for the treatment of migraine & Volatile anesthetics, including, halothane, are also given via the pulmonary route. propellant aerosol container A nebuliser is a small portable device that runs electronically, turning liquid medication into a mist. The patient then needs to breathe in the aerosol thus created through a mouthpiece. The mist, when inhaled, travels directly to the lungs, ensuring better absorption of the medication and a more effective outcome of your ongoing treatment. Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)  Used for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as as :- asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases.

1. PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Guided By:-
Dr. Vaishali Kilor
Presented by:-
Dishant Dabhade
Shubham Kamble

2. Content
 Introduction.
 Anatomy and physiology of lungs
 Advantage and disadvantage of Pulmonary Drug Delivery system.
 Aerosols, propellants & container types.
 Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Aerosols & PDDS

3. INTRODUCTION
 Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily used to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting
drugs directly to their site of action.
 Delivery of anti-asthmatic and other locally acting drugs directly to their site of action reduces the
dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect, while the low concentrations in the systemic
circulation may also reduce side-effects.
 The drugs which are administered by pulmonary route are not only for lungs delivery but it goes to
systemic circulation and produce the effect where it is desired through out the body.
 For Eg. A product containing ergotamine tartrate is available as an aerosolized dosage inhaler for
the treatment of migraine & Volatile anesthetics, including, halothane, are also given via the
pulmonary route.

5. 1)Lung regions
The respiratory tract starts at the nose and terminates deep in
the lung at an alveolar sac.
There are a number of schemes for categorizing the various
regions of the respiratory tract.
2) Nasopharyngeal region (NP region)
This is also referred to as the "upper airways", which
involves the respiratory airways from the nose down to the
larynx.
3) Tracheo-bronchial region (TB region)
This is also referred to as the "central" or "conducting
airways", which starts at the larynx and extends via the
trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles and ends at the terminal
bronchioli.

6. 4) Alveolar region
This is also referred to as the "respiratory airways", "peripheral airways" or "pulmonary region", Comprising the
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.

7. ADVANTAGE OF PDDS
 Inhaled drug delivery puts drug where it is needed.
 It requires low and fraction of oral dose i.e. drug content of one 4 mg tablet of salbutamol equals to 40
doses of meter doses.
 Pulmonary drug delivery having very negligible side effects since rest of body is not exposed to drug.
 Onset of action is very quick with pulmonary drug delivery.
 Degradation of drug by liver is avoided in pulmonary drug delivery.
 In asthma and diabetes requires long term treatment if it is given by pulmonary drug delivery safety is
maximum because rest of body is not exposed to drug.

8. Disadvantage of PDDS
 Low Efficiency of inhalation system
 Poor formulation stability for drug
 Improper dosing reproducibility

9. Aerosol is a pressurized dosage forms containing one
or more therapeutic active ingredients which upon
actuation emit a fine dispersion of liquid and/or solid
materials in a gaseous medium.

10. COMPONENTS OF AEROSOLS
1.Propellant
2. Container
3. Valve and actuator
4. Product concentrate

11.  Responsible for developing proper pressure within the container..
 Provide driving force to expel the product from the container.
TYPES OF PROPELLANTS
(a) Liquefied gases Propellants (b) Compressed gases Propellants

12. PROPELLANTS TYPES
Depending on the route of administration and use,
I) Type-l Propellant A- Liquefied Gas
1) For oral and inhalation (Fluorinated hydrocarbons)
Tri-chloro-mono-flouro methane (propellant 11)
Di-chloro di-fluro methane (propellant 12)
2) Topical Pharmaceutical aerosols (Hydrocarbons)
Propane
Butane
II) Type-II Propellant B-Compressed Gas Propellants
1) Compound gases
Nitrogen
Carbon di-oxide

13. LIQUEFIED GAS PROPELLANTS
Exist as liquids under pressure.
 Because the aerosol is under pressure propellant exists
mainly as a liquid, but it will also be in the head space
as a gas.
 The product is used up as the valve is opened, some of
the liquid propellant turns to gas and keeps the head
space full of gas.
 In this way the pressure in the can remains essentially constant and the spray performance
is maintained.

18. VALVES
 To delivered the drug in desired form.
 Not differ from valve to valve of medication in pharmaceutical preparation.
 To give proper amount of medication.
Types
 Continuous spray valve
 High speed production technique.
 Metering valves
Dispersing of potent medication at proper dispersion/ spray approximately 50 to 150 mg ±10% of liquid
materials at one time use of same valve.

25. A nebuliser is a small portable device that runs electronically, turning liquid medication into a mist.
The patient then needs to breathe in the aerosol thus created through a mouthpiece.
The mist, when inhaled, travels directly to the lungs, ensuring better absorption of the medication and a more
effective outcome of your ongoing treatment.

28. Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)
 Used for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as as :-
asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
and other respiratory diseases.
 They can be given in the form of suspension or solution.
 Particle size of less than 5 microns.
 Used to minimize the number of administrations errors.
 It can be delivery measure amount of medicament
accurately.

29. 1. Dry Powder inhaler (DPI) DPIs are bolus drug delivery devices that contain solid
drug in a dry powder mix (DPI) that is fluidized when the patient inhales.
2. DPIs are typically formulated as one-phase, solid particle blends.
3.The drug with particle size of less than 5um is used.
4. Dry powder formulations either contain the active drug alone or have a carrier
powder (e.g. lactose) mixed with drug to increase flow properties of drug.

31. SPRAY PATTERN