2. DEFINITION
Aerosols:
A system that depends on the power of a
compressed gas or liquefied gas to expel the contents
from the container.
Pharmaceutical aerosols:
Aerosol product containing active ingredients
dissolved ,suspended or emulsified in a propellant or a
mixture of solvent and propellant and intended for oral
or topical administration or for administration into the
eye, nose ,ear, rectum and vagina.
3. INTRODUCTION
Aerosols can be,
Natural Aerosols: (Examples→ fog, dust,
forest exudates and geyser steam)
or Anthropogenic Aerosols: (Examples→ aerosols
are haze, particulate air pollutants and smoke)
• Aerosols include dispersal of pesticides, medical
treatment of respiratory illnesses, and convincing
technology.
4. Cont…
• An aerosol is a pressurized dosage forms containing
one or more therapeutic active ingredients which
upon actuation emit a fine dispersion of liquid
and/or solid materials in a gaseous medium contain
smaller than 50 um.
• An Aerosol also called as Pressurized Packages,
Pressure Package or Pressurized dosage forms.
• Dispersed Phase -Solid / Liquid, and Continuous
phase - Gas /Propellants.
5. ADVANTAGES
• Easy and convenient application
• Rapid response to the medicament
• Dose can be delivered without contamination
• It can maintain sterility
• It can produce local and systemic effects
• Pulmonary Therapeutics.
• Safety
6. DISADVANTAGES
• Expensive
• Propellants are toxic
• Highly inflammable
• Expensive Catalytic oxidation of drugs.
e.g. Ascorbic acid and Epinephrine
• Propellants can cause chilling effect to skin
• Chlorofluorocarbon propellants cause Ozone layer
depletion.
7. TYPES OF DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
1. Nebulizers
• Used to administer medication to people in the form
of a mist inhaled into the lungs.
2. Meter dose Inhaler (MDI)
• MDI are pressurized, hand-held devices that use
propellants to deliver doses of medication to the lungs
of a patient Propellant driven Aqueous pump sprays.
3. Dry powder inhaler (DPI)
• Delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry
powder.
8. COMPONENTS OF AEROSOLES
1. Propellants
2. Containers
(140-180 psig at 130°F)
3. Valves and actuators
4. Product concentrate
12. 2. Cold Filling:
• In this method the product concentrate and
propellants are refrigerated to a temperature at least
5°F below their boiling points.(- 30-40C)
• The cooling system may be mixture of dry ice or
acetone or refrigiration system.
• The chilled product concentrate is quantitaively
metered into cold aerosol container
• Then liquified gas is added.
13. Cont…
• When sufficient propellant is added , the valve
assembly is inserted and crimped into place.
• Used for inhalation aerosols.
• Used with metered valves and non metered valves.
14. 3. Compressed Gas Filling:
• Compressed gases have high pressure hence a
pressure reducing valve is required.
• The apparatus consists of delivery gauge.
15. EVALUATION TESTS
A. Flammability & combustibility:
1.Flash point
2.Flash Projection
B. Physicochemical characteristics:
1.Vapour pressure
2.Density
3.Moisture content
4.Identification of Propellents
16. Cont…
C. Performance:
1. Aerosol valve discharge rate
2. Spray pattern
3. Dosage with metered valves
4. Net contents
5. Foam stability
6. Particle size determination
