This document summarizes pulmonary drug delivery systems. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the lungs and factors that affect drug deposition. It describes advantages like direct delivery to the site of action that reduces needed doses. Current technologies discussed include nebulizers, pressurized metered-dose inhalers, and dry powder inhalers. Challenges from mucus, clearance and barriers are addressed. The conclusion is that pulmonary delivery directly targets lungs for local and systemic effects, though modifications are still needed to overcome physiological limitations.
Introduction
Anatomy and physiology of lungs
Advantage and disadvantage of Pulmonary Drug Delivery system.
Aerosols , propellants & container types.
Current technologies for pulmonary drug delivery.
New technologies for pulmonary drug delivery.
Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Aerosols & PDDS.
Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily used to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their site of action.
Delivery of anti-asthmatic and other locally acting drugs directly to their site of action reduces the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect, while the low concentrations in the systemic circulation may also reduce side-effects.
The drugs which are administered by pulmonary route are not only for lungs delivery but it goes to systemic circulation and produce the effect where it is desired through out the body. For Eg. A product containing ergotamine tartrate is available as an aerosolized dosage inhaler for the treatment of migraine & Volatile anesthetics, including, halothane, are also given via the pulmonary route.
Used for inhalation and topical aerosols .
Manufactured by impact extrusion process.
Light in weight, less fragile, Less incompatibility due to its seamless nature.
Greater resistance to corrosion .
Pure water and pure ethanol cause corrosion to Al containers.
Added resistance can be obtained by coating inside of the container with organic coating like phenolic , vinyl or epoxy and polyamide resins.
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Shweta Nehate
Oral route is the most acceptable route for drug administration. Apart from conventional dosage forms several other forms were developed in order to enhance the drug delivery for prolonged time period and for delivering drug to a particular target site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gainned immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. it is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. different innovative approaches are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drugs release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing the in controlled manner.
Introduction
Anatomy and physiology of lungs
Advantage and disadvantage of Pulmonary Drug Delivery system.
Aerosols , propellants & container types.
Current technologies for pulmonary drug delivery.
New technologies for pulmonary drug delivery.
Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Aerosols & PDDS.
Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily used to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their site of action.
Delivery of anti-asthmatic and other locally acting drugs directly to their site of action reduces the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect, while the low concentrations in the systemic circulation may also reduce side-effects.
The drugs which are administered by pulmonary route are not only for lungs delivery but it goes to systemic circulation and produce the effect where it is desired through out the body. For Eg. A product containing ergotamine tartrate is available as an aerosolized dosage inhaler for the treatment of migraine & Volatile anesthetics, including, halothane, are also given via the pulmonary route.
Used for inhalation and topical aerosols .
Manufactured by impact extrusion process.
Light in weight, less fragile, Less incompatibility due to its seamless nature.
Greater resistance to corrosion .
Pure water and pure ethanol cause corrosion to Al containers.
Added resistance can be obtained by coating inside of the container with organic coating like phenolic , vinyl or epoxy and polyamide resins.
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Shweta Nehate
Oral route is the most acceptable route for drug administration. Apart from conventional dosage forms several other forms were developed in order to enhance the drug delivery for prolonged time period and for delivering drug to a particular target site. Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gainned immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. it is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. different innovative approaches are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, there by targeting site-specific drugs release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects. It is obtained by retaining dosage form into stomach and by releasing the in controlled manner.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules & increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the absorption.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system.
Since the early 1980,the concept of Mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
combine mucoadhesive with enzyme inhibitory & penetration enhancer properties & improve the patient complaince.
MDDS have been devloped for buccal ,nasal,rectal &vaginal routes for both systemic & local effects.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be administered & poor absorption ,then MDDS is best choice.
Mucoadhesiveinner layers called mucosa inner epithelial cell lining is covered with viscoelasticfluid
Composed of water and mucin.
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
General composition of mucus
Water…………………………………..95%
Glycoproteinsand lipids……………..0.5-5%
Mineral salts……………………………1%
Free proteins…………………………..0.5-1%
The mechanism responsible in the formation of mucoadhesive bond
Step 1 : Wetting and swelling of the polymer(contact stage)
Step 2 : Interpenetration between the polymer chains and the mucosal membrane
Step 3 : Formation of bonds between the entangled chains (both known as consolidation stage)
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
Advantages over other controlled oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
-Painless administration.
-Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
If MDDS are adhere too tightlgy because it is undesirable to exert too much force to remove the formulation after use,otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
-Some patient suffers unpleasent feeling.
-Unfortunately ,the lack of standardized techniques often leads to unclear results.
-costly drug delivery system
Pulmonary route used to treat different respiratory diseases from last decade.
The inhalation therapies involved the use of leaves from plants, vapours from aromatic plants, balsams, and myhrr.
Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily used to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their site of action.
Delivery of drugs directly to their site of action reduces the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect.
SUSTAINED RELEASE (SR) & CONTROL RELEASE.pptxRAHUL PAL
Sustained-release medications are usually labeled with “SR” at the end of their name. These medications prolong the medication's release from a tablet or capsule so that you'll get the medication's benefits over a longer period of time.
CR = controlled release, SR = sustained release, ER = extended release, IR = immediate release. *
Biopharmaceutic considerations in drug product design and In Vitro Drug Produ...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Introduction, biopharmaceutic factors affecting drug bioavailability, rate–limiting steps in drug absorption, physicochemical nature of the drug formulation factors affecting drug product performance
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, & mucin molecules & increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of the absorption.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system.
Since the early 1980,the concept of Mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology.
combine mucoadhesive with enzyme inhibitory & penetration enhancer properties & improve the patient complaince.
MDDS have been devloped for buccal ,nasal,rectal &vaginal routes for both systemic & local effects.
Hydrophilic high mol. wt. such as peptides that cannot be administered & poor absorption ,then MDDS is best choice.
Mucoadhesiveinner layers called mucosa inner epithelial cell lining is covered with viscoelasticfluid
Composed of water and mucin.
Thickness varies from 40 μm to 300 μm
General composition of mucus
Water…………………………………..95%
Glycoproteinsand lipids……………..0.5-5%
Mineral salts……………………………1%
Free proteins…………………………..0.5-1%
The mechanism responsible in the formation of mucoadhesive bond
Step 1 : Wetting and swelling of the polymer(contact stage)
Step 2 : Interpenetration between the polymer chains and the mucosal membrane
Step 3 : Formation of bonds between the entangled chains (both known as consolidation stage)
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
Advantages over other controlled oral controlled release systems by virtue of prolongation of residence of drug in GIT.
Targeting & localization of the dosage form at a specific site
-Painless administration.
-Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first pass metabolism
If MDDS are adhere too tightlgy because it is undesirable to exert too much force to remove the formulation after use,otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
-Some patient suffers unpleasent feeling.
-Unfortunately ,the lack of standardized techniques often leads to unclear results.
-costly drug delivery system
Pulmonary route used to treat different respiratory diseases from last decade.
The inhalation therapies involved the use of leaves from plants, vapours from aromatic plants, balsams, and myhrr.
Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily used to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their site of action.
Delivery of drugs directly to their site of action reduces the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect.
SUSTAINED RELEASE (SR) & CONTROL RELEASE.pptxRAHUL PAL
Sustained-release medications are usually labeled with “SR” at the end of their name. These medications prolong the medication's release from a tablet or capsule so that you'll get the medication's benefits over a longer period of time.
CR = controlled release, SR = sustained release, ER = extended release, IR = immediate release. *
Biopharmaceutic considerations in drug product design and In Vitro Drug Produ...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Introduction, biopharmaceutic factors affecting drug bioavailability, rate–limiting steps in drug absorption, physicochemical nature of the drug formulation factors affecting drug product performance
Pulmonary drug delivery system M.pharm -2nd sem P'ceuticssakshisoni2385
M.pharm Pharmaceutics 2nd sem.
introduction to Pulmonary drug delivery system, mechanism, Aersools, and aerosol parts barriers, physiological properties, preparation methods, evaluation parameters, advantages and diadvantages.
In ancient time Ayurvedic system of medicine used nasal route for administration of drugs and the process is called as “Nasya”.
Nasal route has been used for local effects of decongestants but, in recent time it is being considered as a preferred route of drug delivery for systemic bioavailability.
Various proteins & peptides have shown a good bioavailability through this route.
Targeted drug delivery to the respiratory system- An article Satyaki Mishra
This is an article (preview) on Pulmonary drug delivery system written for partial submission of Post-graduation assignment.. The study further helps in enhancing knowledge on target specific drug delivery system. If this article is of any help to you, kindly consider downloading it. You can drop your mail id in the comment section.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
1. 1
PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
PREPARED BY: PROF. SHASHANK
CHAURASIYA
BANSAL COLLEGE OF PHARMAY, BHOPAL 1
2. Introduction
Objective
Anatomy & physiology of lungs
Factors affecting on pulmonary drug delivery system
Advantages & disadvantages
Applications
Aerosols
Mechanism of pulmonary absorption
Current technologies
Drugs given by pulmonary route:
Conclusion
22
3. Pulmonary drug delivery is primarily used to treat conditions
of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their
site of action.
Delivery of drugs directly to their site of action reduces
the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect.
As the lung is able to absorb both water and oil into the
tissue, this is not a restriction of pulmonary delivery.
Carriers like micro particles, nanoparticles, liposomes
can be used in lung targeting
33
5. Increasing the inspiratory flow rate (IFR) will enhance
deposition
5
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS PARTICLE DEPOSITION IN
THE AIRWAYS
Lung morphology
shortest average pathlength will show greatest peripheral
deposition.
Oral vs Nasal breathing
In nose breathing particles are deposited in the nose and
pharynx, Hence for pulmonary drug delivery, the aerosols are
inhaled via the mouth.
Inspiratory flowrate
5
6. 6
volume of air inhaled in one breath, the “Tidal volume”.
Breathholding
Increasing the time between the end of inspiration and the
start of exhalation increases the time for sedimentation to
occur.
Disease state
Bronchial obstruction result in localized deposition in the
larger airways of the TB region.
6
7. 7
Sizeand Density
Less than 5 µm sutable & densities of 0.4 g cm−3 are efficiently
deposited in the lungs.
Shape
•Particles which are non-spherical will have at least one physical dimension
which is greater than the aerodynamic diameter.Particle shape should be uniform.
Density
Large porous particles with physical diameters of 20 μm and
Physical stability
DPIs may be hygroscopic and,99.5% RH 37 0C greater chance of being
prematurely deposited. 7
8. 8
Mucus barrier
The first barrier
•The thickness of the mucus layer;
•Mucus viscosity
•Molecular size of the drug—for THE binding molecules to mucus
glycoproteins via electrostatic interactions increase contact time
Alveolar clearance
The uptake of particles by alveolar macrophages is a fairly rapid
process clearance
9. The mucus not exist as a stagnant layer but is constantly being
propelled along the TB airways by the rhythmic beating of cilia
on epithelial cells,
Drug entrapped in the mucus will be removed from the TB region
via mucociliary clearance within a few hours after being deposited.
9
Fig. Process of mucocillary clearance
10. 10
Area & Absorption barrier thicknes
The surface area of the airways is approximately 140 m2, greater
surface area the absorption of the drug.
•The lung receives 100% of the cardiac output via a network of fine
capillaries.
•This rich blood supply which promotes rapid gaseous
exchange is also beneficial for systemic drug delivery.
Blood Supply
11. Mechanism of Pulmonarydrug absorption
Drug
Transcellular
Transport
Lipophilic Drug
Absorbed
Paracellular
Transport
Hydrophilic Drug
Absorbed
11
12. 12
•low dose need due to targeted action because of that reduced
systemic side-effects
• Rapid onset of action;
• Avoidance of gastrointestinal upset;
• Avoidance of intestinal and hepatic first-pass metabolism.
•Nasal drug delivery is attractive not because it is BETTER than
injectable
•It used when a drug is poorly absorbed orally
e.g. Na cromoglicate.
Advantages
13. 13
•Various factors affect the reproducibility of drug delivery to the
lungs, including physiological and pharmaceutical (device,
formulation) variables.
•limited absorbtion due to physical barrier of the mucus layer
and the interactions of drugs with mucus.
•Mucociliary clearance reduces the retention time of drugs
within the lungs.
Disadvantages
18. CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR PULMONARY
DRUG DELIVERY
Currently there are three principal categories of aerosol generator employed
in inhalation therapy:
• Nebulizer;
• Pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pmdi);
• Dry powder inhaler (DPI).
18
21. 21
Nebulizer Definition :
Drug solution is drawn from the reservoir up the capillary as a
result of the region of negative pressure created by the
compressed air passing over the open end of the capillary (Venturi
effect).
Air jet Nebulizer
22. 22
These nebulizers rely on a transducer made from a piezo-electric
crystal which produces high frequency sound waves in the liquid.
The waves give rise to vertical capillaries of liquid (“fountains”)
which, when the amplitude of the energy applied is sufficient, break
up to provide an aerosol.
Ultrasonic Nebulizer
24. 24
•For successful delivery of drug particles into the lung requires that
particle size should be controlled to <5 μm
•The problems associated with particle size is to use a carrier particle
such as lactose. (usually 20–100 μm)
Spinhaler
Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs)
32. PDDS used becouse of limition associsted with the conventional
treatment of verious chronic disease
In this DDS directly act to lung and get systemic and local effect
Modification in PDDS keep going on to modify release profile to
over come limitation associate Physicochemical barrier
32
Conclusion