This document provides an overview of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma-related disorders. It defines key concepts like panic, anxiety, stress, PTSD and gives diagnostic criteria for disorders like GAD, specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, OCD. Risk factors for these disorders in South Africa are discussed like crime, violence, HIV/AIDS and sexual violence. The document contains educational material intended to build awareness of these common mental health conditions.

1. LEEREENHEID / LEARNING
UNIT 4
Angs, Obsessief-kompulsiewe en trauma
verwante versteurings
Anxiety, Obsessive-compulsive and trauma
related disorders

2. Youtube video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dw3GXuYaXQ0
•Kyk die volgende video en let op na:/ Watch the
following video and be aware of:
1.Jou asemhaling/ your breathing
2.Jou hartklop/ your heart rate
3.Jou handpalms/ your palms
4.Jou gevoel van veiligheid/ your sense of safety

3. Inleiding / Introduction
Mees algemene versteuring / Most
common disorder
74% het komorbiede versteuring / 74%
have co-morbid mental disorder
Vroue groter risiko / Women at greater
risk
Normale vrees en angs = funksioneel /
Normal fear & anxiety is functional
e.g
somatoform
mood
another anxiety
substance-related

5. Paniek / Panic
• Wat is paniek, en hoe is dit anders
as vrees?
• What is panic, and how is it different
to fear?

6. Paniek = disfunksionele
vrees!
Panic = dysfunctional fear!

7. Angs / Anxiety
• Toekoms / Future
• Negatiewe affek / Negative affect
• Hiperwaaksaamheid / Hypervigilance
• Somatiese simptome / Somatic symptoms
• Disfunksionele angs / Dysfunctional anxiety
• vals alarm / false alarm
• preokkupasie / preoccupation
• wanaanpassend / maladaptive
• chronies / chronic
• nie beheer / no control
• verswak algemene funksionering / impairs general
functioning
Funksie /
Function:
Beskerm / Protect
Beplan / Plan
Aanpas / Adjust

8. Stres / Stress
• Stres is persepsie dat eise beskikbare bronne oorskry / Stress =
perception that demands are more than available resources
• Eustres / eustress Funksionele angs
• Distres / distress Disfunksionele angs
• Algemene Aanpassingsindroom (AAS) /
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS):
• Phase 1: Alarm / Alarm
• Phase 2: Weerstand / Resistance
• Phase 3: Uitputting / Exhaustion
• Chroniese of onbeheerbare stres neg effek op immuunsisteem +
vatbaarheid vir fisiese & psigologiese siektes / Chronic or
unmanageable stress: negative effect on immune system & risk of
developing physical & psychological disorders

9. Angs, obsessief-kompulsiewe en trauma verwante versteurings/ Anxiety, obsessive-
compulsive and trauma related disorders

10. Veralgemeende angsversteuring (VAV)
Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Chronies, oormatige, onbeheerbare, disfunksionele
kommer Chronic excessive, uncontrollable,
dysfunctional worry
Rusteloosheid, irriteerbaarheid, spierspanning,
konsentrasieprobleme, versteurde slaap /
Restlessness, irritability, muscle tension, difficulty
concentrating, disturbed sleep
Algemeen, affekteer meer vroue / Common; affects
more women
Vroeë aanvang / Early onset (childhood/adolescence)

11. Paniekversteuring / Panic disorders
• NB: Paniekaanval vs
paniekversteuring / NB: Panic attack vs
panic disorder
• Veg /vlug + ontoepaslike en
disfunksionele leer / Fight/flight
accompanied by inappropriate and dysfunctional
learning
• Vrees nalv vals alarm / fear based on false
alarm
• Fisiese simptome / Physical symptoms
Situasioneel-gebonde
Situationally bound (Cued)
Onverwagte
Unexpected
(uncued)
Situasioneel-gepredisponeerd
Situationally predisposed

12. Spesifieke Fobies / Specific
PhobiasIrrasionele, oormatige en disfunksionele vrees vir objekte & situasies /
Irrational, excessive & dysfunctional fear of objects & situations
Definisie
Irrasionele,
disfunksionele vrees
vir spesifieke
situasies of objekte
Definition
Irrational,
dysfunctional fear of
specific situations or
objects
Oormatig
Veroorsaak hoë
angs
Beïnvloed
funksionering
Excessive
Causes high
anxiety
Influences
fundctioning
Tipes:
1. Diere
2. Situasionele
3. Natuurlike
omgewing
4. Bloed-inspuiting-
besering
Types:
1. Animals
2. Situational
3. Natural
environment
4. Blood-injection-
injury

13. Sosiale angsversteuring/ Social anxiety disorder
• Vrees om veroordeel/
geëvalueer/ verneder te
word.
• Oormatige vrees om voor
ander op te tree.
• Fear of being scrutiny
and evaluation by others
and being embarrassed.
• Excessive fear of
performing in front of
others

14. Obsessief-kompulsiewe versteuring (OKV)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessies /
Obsessions
Kompulsies /
Compulsions

15. Obsessies/Obsessions
• Voortdurende, indringende,
angswekkende gedagtes,
beelde of impulse buite
persoon se beheer/
Persistent, intrusive, anxiety
provoking thoughts, images
or impulses that a person
cannot control.

16. Kompulsies/ Compulsions
• Herhaalde gedrag of mentale pogings in
respons tot obsessie met die doel om angs
te verlig/ Repetitive behaviour or mental
acts in response to obsessions with the aim
of reducing anxiety.

17. Obsessief-kompulsiewe versteuring (OKV)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• DSM-5 kriteria/ Criteria (Table 4.7 p. 125).
• A: Presence of obsessions, compulsions or both…
– Obessions defined by…
– Compulsions defined by…
• B: O&C time consuming & cause clinically significant
distress or impairment in… functioning.
• C: Not attributed to physiological effects of substance or
medical condition.
• D: Not better explained by another mental disorder

18. Trauma en stresverwante versteurings
/Trauma and Stress related disorders
PTSV / PTSD
Tydens trauma: Intense vrees,
hulpeloosheid, afsku
Aanvang 1- 6 mnde
3 Simptoomgroepe:
herbelewenis
vermyding
hiperwaaksaamheid
During trauma: intense fear, helplessness,
horror
Onset 1- 6 months
3 symptom groups:
re-experience
avoidance
hypervigilance
Akute stres / Acute stress
Aanvang 1 dag-1 mnd
Onset 1 day - 1month
Minder ernstig
Less severe
Meer dissosiatief
More dissociative
traumatic event

19. • Mnr B was in erge motorongeluk, 1 jaar
gelede. Het 40 dae na die ongeluk begin
nagmerries kry, misbruik alkohol, skrik maklik
wanneer hy ‘n motor hoor rem, is bang om
motor te bestuur, is baie angstig, voel
emosioneel afgestomp. Hou nou al 4 maande
aan.
• Mr B was in a severe car accident, 1 year ago.
He started to get nightmares 40 days after the
accident, abuses alcohol, is frightened easily
when he hears a car braking, is afraid to drive,
is extremely anxious, and feels emotionally
detached. Ongoing for 4 months now.
PTSV / PTSD

20. Mev H is bekommerd dat haar dogter se kamer so vuil en
onnetjies is. Sy is ook bekommerd omdat haar man nooit sy
klere self in die wasmasjien gooi nie, maar is bang om dit vir
hom te sê, want ‘dalk los hy haar’. Sy voel onseker of haar
vriendinne regtig van haar hou, en is baie angstig oor die
moontlikheid dat daar by hulle huis ingebreek sal word. Sy
vroetel gedurig, voel moeg en rusteloos. Die onsekerheid
veroorsaak dat sy glad nie meer effektief kan funksioneer nie.
Mrs H is worried about the dirty, untidy room of her daughter. She is
also worried because her husband never puts his clothing in the washing
machine, but is afraid to tell him, as he will then ‘probably divorce her.’
She feels uncertain if her friends really like her and is extremely anxious
about the possibility that someone will break into their home. She
constantly fidgets, feels tired and restless. The result is that she is not
able to function effectively any more.
Veralgemeende angsversteuring
Generalised anxiety disorder

21. Mev Z raak elke dag baie angstig by die werk – sy voel
benoud, voel sy verloor beheer, begin hiperventileer,
ervaar spierspanning, kry nie haar werk gedoen nie.
Hoewel sy bang is daarvoor om dit weer te ervaar,
keer dit haar nie om wel elke dag werk toe te gaan nie.
Mrs Z gets very anxious every day at work – she finds it
difficult to breathe, feels that she is going to lose control,
starts to hyperventilate, experience muscle spasms, and does not
get her work done. Even though she is afraid to experience it
again, it does not prevent her from going to work.
Paniekversteuring / Panic disorder

22. • Mnr L was in ‘n motorongeluk, 1 maand
gelede. Hy het nog pyn, en voel baie hartseer
oor sy vriend wat daarin oorlede is. Hy ry
deesdae versigtiger en volg al die padreëls
na. Hy is darem al terug by die werk waar
dit baie goed met hom gaan.
• Mr L was involved in a car accident, 1
month ago. He still has physical pain, and
feels very sad about his friend who died in
the accident. Since the accident, he drives
more carefully and complies to all road
rules. He is back at work, where he is
coping well.
Geen diagnose / No diagnosis
WHY??

23. Risikofaktore in Suid-Afrika
Risk factors in South Africa
• Misdaad, geweld & ongelukke / Crime, Violence &
accidents
– Geweldstrauma & gesinsgeweld / Violent trauma & domestic
abuse
– MIV/VIGS / HIV & AIDS
– Seksuele geweld: verkragting / Sexual violence: rape
• Verkragtingtrauma-sindroom / Rape Trauma Syndrome
– Motorongelukke / Motor vehicle accidents
• Beskermende faktore/ protective factors