Frequent Mental Disorders & Its Treatment

2. >as defined by experts , a mental disorder is a
“clinically significant behavioral or
psychological syndrome or psychological
pattern that occurs in an individual and that is
associated with present or disability or with a
significantly increased with present or disability
or with a significantly increased risk of suffering
death , pain ,disability or an important loss of
freedom.”

3. *ENVIRONMENTAL
STRESS
*HERIDITY
*PHYSICAL FACTORS

4. 1. ANXIETY DISORDER
>PHOBIA
-are intense irrational fears of certain objects
or situations.
ex. as a child Larry hiked into the woods all
alone . He climbed a tall tree and then found he
could not get back down . It was several hours
before he was rescued.

5. >OBSESSION AND COMPULSIONS
Obsession
-are senseless or unpleasant thoughts ,
images , or ideas that persist against the will.
compulsions
-are repeated actions that must be performed
in a very set way . Not stepping on cracks on a
sidewalk is an example of a compulsion.
Marcy usually arose at 5:00 A.M . She had to get up
early because it took her three hours to get ready for
school . She brushed her teeth for exactly one minute.
She gave her hair twenty-five brush strokes . She
chewed each mouthful of breakfast exactly twelve
times . She counted every step on the way to school .
She ate lunch Alone so conversation wouldn’t interfere
with her chewing count . The step counting continued
on her lonely way home.

6. >GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
-this feeling is not related to a specific object or
situation that the person can readily identify . This
feeling may be constant , or it may come as a sudden
attack , lasting from several hours to several days. This
state persists for over a month.
Amy entered college with mixed feelings . Her father was a highly
respected judge who had graduated with honors from the same
college . Partly to please her father , Amy enrolled in a pre-law
course . At mid semester in college she was getting average
grades. But then she couldn’t concentrate on her studies . Each
time she took an examination , she became tense . As a result ,
she started to fail . As time went on , her condition became more
serious . She would wake suddenly in the middle of the night
feeling frightened and she started having nightmares . She lost
weight and started chain-smoking . The more she tried in school ,
the more frustrated she became . By the end of the semester , she
was unable to continue. She decided to go home and admit her
failure.

7. 2. SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
-the term somatoform comes from the
Greek word soma meaning body . This group of
mental disorders is marked by symptoms in the
body that mimic real physical illnesses .
>HYPOCHONDRIA
Scott was always sick . At least he always thought
he was. Every time he caught a cold he worried
about pneumonia . Each little ache worried him .
He lived in constant fear of heart disease , cancer ,
or some other serious medical problem . He read
every article he could find on diseases . Then he
imagined he had the symptoms described in all of
them . When one doctor told him nothing was
wrong , he went to another . His medicine cabinet
resembled a drugstore counter . He lived in a world
of panic , pills , and prescriptions.

8. >CONVERSION DISORDER
-a conversion disorder may occur suddenly .
In other cases the disorder may be a slow
reaction to dissatisfaction with life in general .
Conversion disorder can produce symptoms
not only in the muscles but in the senses.
Following a minor car accident , Margaret was unable to
move both legs . After a careful examination , the doctors
concluded that there was no physical cause for her paralysis
, yet Margaret could not walk . Before the accident ,
Margaret was caught in a severe conflict . She loved a
young man her parents strongly disliked. Margaret wanted
to marry George , but her parents threatened to disown her
if she did . Margaret loved her parents and was afraid of
losing their affection . But she loved George , too and deeply
resented her parents’ intrusion into her life.

9. 3. SCHIZOPHENIA
-the word schizophrenia itself means
“split mind” . The split refers to a breakdown in
logical thought processes.
This Breakdown Produces Other Behavior
Patterns:
1. Abnormal emotional responses
2. Withdrawal
3. Hallucinations
4. Severe personal distress

10. >PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA
-this form of schizophrenia is
marked by delusions either of persecution or of
grandeur.
Paul ,a business man, age 40, glances around
the room uneasily. Since he has been in the
hospital, he has been constantly on guard .He
believes that his business was stolen by his
partner .He is convinced that his partner has
hired an assassin to kill him.

11. >Depression
- is one of the biggest mental health problems
today . It is different from normal sadness or grief. In
some cases it may be linked to unpleasant events . It
may also occur for no apparent reason.
Peter had been watching the mail anxiously for weeks .
When the letters he had been waiting for arrived , he
was bitterly disappointed . Neither college of his choice
had accepted him . For days afterward Peter moped
around the house . With each week he became more
withdrawn from people . He lost the desire to
accomplish anything , and every movement required
effort . In school he was unable to concentrate . He lost
appetite , and his sleeping habits changed.

12. -Manic phase of the disorder is characterized by
over activity and restlessness . The manic
phase may also center around anger . Physical
activity increases to the point of violence . In
the manic phase state people may become
dangerous to themselves as well as to others.
-Depressive phase people show very little
initiative ,self-confidence ,and physical activity
. There is constant danger of suicide . They
must be watched at all times , until treatment
changes their attitudes and behavior.

13. >AMNESIA
-a person retreats from an
unpleasant situation . Memory areas of the
brain are blocked, and both memory and
identity are lost.
>MULTIPLE PERSONALITY
-in this disorder, emotional conflict
triggers a personality split . Adults with this
disorder have usually suffered extreme child
abuse.

14. >SCIZOID PERSONALITY
>AVOIDANT PERSONALITY
>DEPENDENT PERSONALITY
>PASSIVE-ADDRESSIVE PERSONALITY
>HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY
>NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY
>ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY

15. MENTAL
ILLNESS
Its Treatment and Prevention

16.  PSYCHOTHERAPY – combines the words
psyche, meaning mind, and therapy, meaning
treatment.
- It is a relation between two
people in which one helps the
other become more mature
emotionally and better
adjusted to environmental
problems.

22.  Tranquilizers, used to quiet highly disturbed patients.
 Antidepressants, used in stimulating depressed patients.
 Drugs used as research tools, in producing
the symptoms of mental illnesses under laboratory
conditions.

27. Learn to deal effectively and constructively with your
emotions.
Take disappointments in your stride. Take the bitter with
the sweet, and concentrate on the sweet.
Accept your shortcomings. Don't worry about things
you can't do. Make the most of the things you can do.
Develop self-respect, but don't confuse it with conceit.
Take time to appreciate simple things. Don't take them
for granted and worry about the things you don't have.
Develop self-confidence. Feel that you are able to deal
with most problems.

28. Learn to laugh at yourself. Don't ever pity yourself.
Like other people and trust them. Assume that they like
and trust you.
Make yourself part of a group.
Assume responsibility for the welfare and happiness of
others.
Don't try to push others around, and don't let them push
you around either.
Plan for the future, setting goals that are worthwhile.
Always do your best. Be pleased when you accomplish
things.
Shape your environment when you can. Adjust to it
when you can't.

29. Learn to relax. It isn't a waste of time to relax when
you're wound up.
Pursue your hobby. It's as important as earning a living.
Learn to play. Balance mental exertion with physical
exercise.

30. THANK YOU and GOD BLESS!