1. The document discusses several animal-like protists including Euglena, Dinoflagellates, Foraminiferans, Apicomplexa, and Ciliophora. 2. Many protists are unicellular while others form colonies, and they use a variety of methods for locomotion and obtaining nutrients including photosynthesis, feeding on other organisms, and forming symbiotic relationships. 3. The protists discussed play important ecological roles such as forming sediments, causing harmful algal blooms, and serving as parasites that impact human and animal health.

1. Animal Like Protists
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Phylum Apicompleza
Phylum Ciliophora

2. Protists
• Over 38,000 species of protists!
• Members of the original life forms on earth!
About 1.5 billion years ago!
• Some protists are plant like, some are animal
like
– Protozoa: animal like protists
• Many have symbiotic relationships:
– Parasitism
• Scientists who study only protists:
protozoologists

3. Protozoa
• Protozoa
– Unicellular, plasmic organization
– BUT THAT DOES NOT MEAN THEY ARE
SIMPLE
– Individuals or colonies

4. Phylum Sarcomastigophors
• Largest protozoan phylum.
• All protozoa in this phylum:
– Unicellular or colonial
– Locomotion by flagella, pseudopodia, or
both
– Autotrophic, saprozoic, heterotrophic
– Single type of nucleus
– Sexual or asexual reproduction

5. Ever wonder about that green
gunk?
• Its Euglena!
– Possess
chlorophyll, 1 or 2
flagella

6. Euglena
• Salt or fresh water
• Digestion- perform
photosynthesis or
absorb nutrients
– stigma at base of flagella
allows euglena to orient
themselves towards a
light source
• Reproduce using
binary fission
– Split into two new
organisms

7. Euglena Structure

8. Euglena: Ecological Role
• Photosynthesizer
• Acts as food for
other protists and
fish

9. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MlR
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10. Dinoflagellates

11. Dinoflagellates
• Gobular, Single
celled organisms
• Some
– platonic
– others are benthic
• Some
– mutalistic
– others parasitic

12. Dinoflagellate: Structure
• Two groves: two
flagellums
– Horizontal: cingulum
• Spinning flagellum
– Vertical: suclus
• Whipping flagellum:
forward motion

13. Dinoflagellates: food/digestion
• Many are mixotrophic
• They have
Chloroplasts:
– Photosynthesis
• But also absorb food
– Osmotrophy
– Eat other plankton:
copepods, diatoms, other
dinoflagellates

14. Dinoflagellates: reproduction
• Binary Fission: one
division per day
• Can depend on
conditions:
– nutrients, light, temp
erature

15. Dinoflagellates: ecological
Role
• Red Tides
– Release toxins
– Digestion of toxins
can cause:
numbness, slurred
speech, nausea, par
alysis, death
– Paralytic shellfish
poisoning

16. Foraminiferans

17. Foraminiferans
• Amoeboid
protozoans
– Branch like
psuedopods
– Form elaborate net
like structures: Tests
• Help catch prey
• Most are benthic
– Use psuedopod to
crawl around

18. Forams: digestion/energy
• Consume a lot of
diatoms and
dinoflagellates
• Some host
green/red algae
– Symbiotic
relationship
• Forams get nutrients
• Coral reefs get
calcium carbonate

19. Forams: Structure
• Produce Elaborate
Tests
– Multichamber
– Grow as the foram
grows
• Geometric
– Resembles
microscopic snail
shell

20. Forams’ ecological role
• Help form beaches
and sediment
– Chalk

21. Phylum Apicomplexa

22. Phylum Apicomplexa
• All Parasites!
• Apical complex for
penetrating host cells
• Single type of nucleus
• No cilia and
flagella, except in
certain reproductive
states
• Life cycle includes
asexual and sexual
phases

23. Phylum Apicomplexa
• Feed off nutrients
from the host
• Cause serious
diseases: Malaria
– 5th largest cause of
death world wide
– 2008: 708,000 and
1,300,00 people died

24. Reproduction
• 3 stages
– Schizogony:
asexual fission in
host cell
– Gametogony:
begins sexual phase
: produces zygote
– Sporogony: zygote
divides by mitosis
creating sporozoites.
Sporozoites go on to
infect other hosts

25. Phylum Ciliophora

26. Phylum Ciliophora
• Have cilia for locomotion
• Rigid pellicle and more or less fixed
shape
• Distinct (cytostome) mouth structure
• Dimorphic nuclei: macronucleus and
micronucleus

27. Cilia
• Similar to flagella
– Much shorter
– More of them
– Move in coordinated
waves
– Many ciliates can
reverse
• Some cilia are
specialized
– Sweep food into
mouth

28. Digestion and Food
• Heterotrophic
• Prey on other protists or small animals
• Example: Suctorians
– Attach to a prey
– Secrete mucus to paralyze prey
– Cut opening in cell wall and suck out cytoplasm
1. Attack and 2. Maneuver and
3. Gulp !
secure line up

29. Reproduction
• Two Nuclei
– Macronucleus: regulates daily metabolic
activities
– Micronuclei: holds genetic information
• Asexual reproduction
– Binary fission
– Budding

30. Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction
– Conjunction: hook
together and
exchange
micronuclei

31. Often have symbiotic
relationships
• Digestion
• Parasitic: Live in
digestive system of
humans
– Secretes enzyme
that causes ulcers
• Mutualistic: live in
the digestive system
and help digest food
– Hoofed animals