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Similar to Chapter 10 sharks skates and rays
Chapter 10 sharks skates and rays
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- 2. Vertebrates • Everything uptill now has been Invertebrates – What does this mean? • From now on all Fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals are all Vertebrates – What does this mean? • Can you think of some functions of Vertebrae that are advantageous? – Support – Attachment of muscles= increased movement
- 3. Primitive Fish • ClassMyxini (hagfish) and Cephalospidomorphi (lampreys) – Lack jaws and paired appendages (fins in fish) – Lack scales and muscles (all cartilage) Only living representatives of primitive fish
- 4. Class Chondrichthyes • Sharks,Skates, and Rays – Defining characteristics • Skeletons composed of cartilage • Jaws • Paired fins • Placoid scales
- 5. Sharks!!!!! • Streamlined bodyshape • Heterocercal tail • Two dorsal fins • Paired pectoral fins • Paired pelvic fins – Modified in males (claspers) to transfer sperm
- 6. Why do sharkshave to “just keep swimming”? • Has to do with Density!!!! – The are denser than the water so what will happen if they stop swimming?
- 7. Osmoregulation • Maintain homeostasis –By holding large amounts of urea in body – If they did not have this adaptation they would lose body water. • Then what would happen to the shark – Dehydrate and cells would……… » Shrink -> remember osmosis chapter????? – http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/the-ultimate- guide-to-sharks-how-sharks-swim.html
- 8. Sensory in Sharks •Sight – Lack eyelids – Scientists predict that they can see color, but what sense is most dominant in shark? • Smell!!!! – 2/3 of cells in brain are used to process sense of smell – Can detect 1 drop of blood in 1 million parts of water – http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/ultimate-guide-the- sharks-shark-smell.html
- 9. • Lateral LineSystem – Canals that run length of body and open up to surrounding H2O – Used to detect movements in water • Locate prey and predators – Ampullae of Lorezini • Organs around head (what is the term for sense organs near the head?) – Sense electrical – http://dsc.discovery.com/vide os/ultimate-guide-the-sharks- vibrations-and-shark- vision.html
- 10. Digestion • Teeth – Severalrows of teeth – Fall out and are continually replaced throughout life • Not like ours where we only get two sets – Shake head to bite b/c they cant move jaws up and down to chew – Food is swallowed whole – Mouth ->stomach-> small intestine
- 11. Great White Jumping!!! •http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/planet-earth- pole-to-pole-great-white-hunt.html
- 12. Reproduction • Sexual, separatesexes • Fertilization is internal – Males transfer sperm via claspers – Females have ovaries and oviduct (modified uterus) – http://dsc.discovery.com/vi deos/ultimate-guide-the- sharks-shark-mating.html
- 13. 3 types ofReproductive types – Oviparity (most primitive) • Eggs are laid outside body • Develop in protective case that attaches to seafloor • smaller b/c limited nutrients • Whale sharks, bullhead sharks – Ovoviviparity (most common) • Eggs hatch in mothers uterus • No placenta, nourishment is yolk stored in egg • Single pup – Viviparity (most recent, advanced) • Babies get milk directly from mother • Hammerhead shark
- 14. Skates and Rayscharacteristics What animal from previous chapter do they resemble? • Flattened bodies shape – Suited for bottom living • Always exception = manta ray – Enlarged pectoral fins attached to head – Reduced dorsal and caudal fins – Eyes and spiracles on top of head – Lack of anal fin – Specialized teeth for crushing prey
- 15. Differences between skatesand rays • Skates – Small fins on tail – Swim by creating a wave and starts at head then ripples down rest of body – Oviparous - “mermaids purse” • Rays – Venomous barb or spines – Swim by moving fins up and down (like a bird) – Ovoviviparous
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