This document provides information about the kingdoms of life: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It summarizes key characteristics of each kingdom. Protists are eukaryotic microscopic organisms that can be single-celled or multi-cellular and obtain energy through photosynthesis or consuming other organisms. Fungi are usually unicellular but some are multicellular, and they are all heterotrophs that absorb nutrients. Plants are usually multicellular and autotrophic, obtaining energy through photosynthesis. Animals are multicellular and heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients by ingesting other organisms.

1. Classification:
Eukaryotes
ppt. by Robin D. Seamon

2. Protists- eukaryotic microscopic organisms;
Kingdom Protista
• Most are single-celled, though some are
multi-celled; some are colonial
• Some are more related to plant metabolism
(autotrophic), others more related to
heterotrophs (fungi/animal)
• Asexual reproduction: mitosis
• Transport: through membrane
KINGDOM PROTISTA

3. PROTIST
EXAMPLES
Paramecium
• Unicellular
• Heterotrophs
• In aquatic habitats
• Motile:
(movement)
cilia beat in unison
• Contractile
vacuole- collects
water & expels it

4. Energy:
• (eating) cilia
sweeps organic
material into the
oral grove
• Food forms a
vacuole at the
gullet
• Lysosomes digest
• Waste release
through anal pore
(Gullet)
anal
pore
Paramecium

5. Reproduction
• Macronucleus-
has genes for daily
function
• Micronucleus- has
all DNA; only
used for
reproduction
• Binary fission
Paramecium
VIDEO: Paramecium Feeding (1
min)

6. PROTIST
EXAMPLES
Amoeba
• Unicellular
• Heterotrophs
• In aquatic habitats
• Motile:
(movement)
cytoplasm forms
pseudopods to
direct movement
Pseudo- false
Pod- foot

7. PROTIST
EXAMPLES
Amoeba
Energy-
• predator- eats small organisms
• Surrounds food with pseudopodia
• Digests with
lysosomes
• Contractile
vacuoles
remove
excess water

8. Reproduction
• Binary fission
Amoeba
VIDEO: Amoeba vs. Paramecium (2:30)

9. PROTIST
EXAMPLES
Euglena
• Unicellular
• Autotrophs OR
Heterotrophs
• In aquatic habitats
• Motile:
(movement)
one or more
flagella whip to
move
Euglena- Flagellum movement phase (1 min)

10. PROTIST
EXAMPLES
Euglena
Energy-
• Eyespots – detect light
• chloroplasts - photosynthesis
• Phototaxis- swimming towards light
• In low light,
absorb
nutrients
through
membrane
(diffusion)

11. • Contractile
vacuole-
Removes
excess
water
Reproduction
• Binary fission
Euglena
VIDEO: Protists- Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium (3:45)

12. PROTIST
EXAMPLES
Volvox Algae
Energy-
• Photosynthetic
• Live in colonies

13. PROTIST
EXAMPLES
Malaria
Energy-
• Infects humans
through mosquito
bite
• Humans are part of
its reproductive cycle

14. Molds
Yeast
Mushrooms
• Most are unicellular
• Some are multicellular
• Heterotrophic
Absorbs nutrients
• Transport through
membrane
KINGDOM FUNGI

15. • Reproduction:
Asexually
Mitosis
Budding
Fragmentation

16. Chemicals released
by hyphae digest
dead materials.
Hyphae absorb
the digested
food.

17. • Multicellular
• Autotrophic
• Photosynthesis
• Have chloroplasts
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Examples:
• Non-vascular – ferns and
mosses
• Vascular Gymnosperms –
conifers
• Vascular Angiosperms –
flowering plants and trees

18. • Nonvascular
• Haploid / diploid life
cycle; transport through
membrane
• Vascular: Gymnosperms
• Male and female cones;
veins for transport
• Vascular: Angiosperms
• Flowers with male and
female parts; veins for
transport
Reproduction & Transport

19. Vascular plants have veins
Xylem moves water up Phloem moves sugar down

20. • Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
• Mostly sexual reproduction
• Move about their environment
Nutrition
Digestive system
Transport
Circulatory system
Excretion
Urinary system
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Examples: Humans, cats,
dogs, worms, seashells

21. Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta
Class Arachnida
Phylum Chortdata
Class Osteicthyes- bony fish
Class Amphibia
Class Reptilia
Class Aves
Class Mammalia
SOME ANIMAL EXAMPLES

22. Mammals
Glands
Diaphragm Heart
Teeth
Mammary
glandsHair