The document discusses properties of pure substances through figures and diagrams. It examines temperature-volume diagrams, pressure-volume diagrams, pressure-temperature diagrams, and pressure-volume-temperature surfaces for substances that contract or expand when freezing. Tables of properties for various substances are also referenced. The figures explore ideal gas behavior, equations of state, and constant-pressure specific heats for gases.

1. CHAPTER
2
Properties of Pure
Substances

2. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-11
T-v diagram for the
heating process of
water at constant
pressure.
2-1

3. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-16
T-v diagram of
constant-pressure
phase-change
processes of a pure
substance at
various pressures
(numerical values
are for water).
2-2

4. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-18
T-v diagram of a
pure substance.
2-3

5. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-19
P-v diagram of
a pure
substance.
2-4

6. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-21
P-v diagram of a
substance that
contracts on
freezing.
2-5

7. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-22
P-v diagram
of a substance
that expands
on freezing
(such as
water).
2-6

8. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-25
P-T diagram of
pure
substances.
2-7

9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-26
P-v-T surface of a
substance that contracts
on freezing.
2-8

10. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-27
P-v-T surface of a
substance that expands
on freezing (like water).
2-9

11. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-30
A partial list of
Table A–4.
2-10

12. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-40
A partial listing of
Table A–6.
2-11

13. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-49
Percentage of error
involved in assuming
steam to be an ideal gas,
and the region where
steam can be
treated as an ideal gas
with less than 1 percent
error.
2-12

14. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-51
Comparison of Z
factors for
various gases.
2-13

15. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-60
Percentage of
error involved in
various equations
of state for
nitrogen.
2-14

16. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FIGURE 2-68
Ideal-gas constant-
pressure
specific heats for
some gases
(see Table A–2c for
Cp equations).
2-15