The document analyzes the lighting design for two spaces - a cafe and library reading area - in a new community library in Kuala Lumpur. For the cafe, daylight factor and natural illumination calculations show excess light levels requiring double skin facade and glare reduction. Artificial lighting with 30 recessed LED downlights is proposed. For the library, daylight and natural light levels are average but high, requiring double glazed low-e glass. Artificial lighting with 48 LED light beams is proposed. Both designs meet illumination standards and PSALI strategies are outlined for efficient switching control.

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN ARCHITECTURE
BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]
PROJECT 02: INTEGRATION PROJECT
NAME: KIMBERLEY EE SZE ANN
ID: 0315319
TUTOR: MR SIVARAMAN KUPPUSAMY

2. CONTENTS
Title Page number
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Objectives 1
1.2 Project Description 1
1.3 1.3 Chosen Community Library Spaces 1
2.0 Lighting 2
2.1 Cafe 2
2.1.1 Daylighting Analysis 2
2.1.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal 4
2.1.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors) 7
2.2 Library Reading Area 8
2.2.1 Daylighting Analysis 8
2.2.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal 10
2.2.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors) 13
3.0 References 14

3. 1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
This project aims to integrate the understanding of the principles of lighting in the context of the final
design project of Studio 5. This project will encompass artificial and daylighting systems as well as
implementation of the PSALI design strategies.
1.2 Project Description
Located along Petaling Street, Chinatown, Kuala Lumpur, the new community library will be a vibrant
and interesting place for the whole community, welcoming people of all ages and backgrounds. The role
of the library is to generate community interaction with the intention of reactivating the site by creating
a universal gathering space for the community.
1.3 Chosen Community Library Spaces
The chosen spaces for this project are the cafe on the ground floor of the community library and the
library reading area on the first floor of the community library. The café is highlighted in red (Figure 1.1)
and the library reading area is highlighted in blue (Figure 1.2).
Figure 1.1: Ground floor plan indicating the location of
the cafe
Figure 1.2: First floor plan indicating the location of
the library reading area

4. 2.0 Lighting
2.1 Cafe
2.1.1 Daylighting Analysis
The selected area of study is the cafe on the ground floor of the community library, on the right hand
side of the community library building. Openings at the front and side of the cafe allow for plenty of
natural light to diffuse into the space.
Figure 2.1: Ground floor plan indicating the location of the cafe
Figure 2.2: Revit generated daylight contour diagram of the cafe

5. According to MS 1525, daylighting factor distribution is as below:
Zone Daylight Factor (%) Distribution
Very bright >6 Too bright with thermal and glare problems
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
DAYLIGHTING FACTOR CALCULATION:
Floor area (𝒎 𝟐
) 16.17 x 5.88 = 95.08𝒎 𝟐
Area of opening exposed to sunlight (𝒎 𝟐
) Perimeter 16.17 + 5.88 = 22.05
Height = 4.5
Area = 99.23 𝑚2
Daylight factor 99.23
95.08
x 100%
=104.36% x0.1
=10.4%
NATURAL ILLUMINACE CALCULATION:
ILLUMINANCE EXAMPLE
120 000 lux Very bright sunlight
110 000 lux Bright sunlight
20 000 lux Clear sky
1000-2000 lux Overcast day
400 Sunrise/ Sunset on clear day
200 Midday
40 Fully overcast
<1 Sunset, Storm cloud
External = 20 000 lux (Clear sky)
DF =
𝐸_𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐸_𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
x 100%
10.4 =
𝐸_𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
20 000
x 100%
E_internal = 2080 lux

6. CONCLUSION
The cafe has a daylight factor of 10.4% and natural illumination of 2080 lux. Based on the requirement
stated in MS 1525, both values exceed the standards as the daylight factor should be lower than 6% and
the recommended light level for cafes is 300 lux. Thus, building users will be affected by discomfort and
glare.
Therefore, in order to reduce the values, double skin facade will be added to the cafe openings in order
to avoid thermal glare.
Figure 2.3: Elevation showing front opening of cafe Figure 2.4: Section showing side opening of cafe
2.1.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal
The cafe will not only operate during the day but during the night as well. Hence, artificial light is vital to
create a well-lit and comfortable space for users.
Fixture Properties
Type of fixture Recessed LED downlight
Model
Figure 2.5: LuxSpace recessed downlight
Company Philips
Lumen (lm) 3000
Power (watts) 36
Color designation Cool white

7. LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION
Space Ground floor cafe
Dimensions Length: 16.17m, Width: 5.88m, Height: 4.5m
Total Floor Area 95.08𝑚2
Lumen, F (lux) 3000 lm
Standard Illumination Required 300
Height of luminaire 4.5
Height of work level 0.8
Mounting Height (Hm) 3.7
Reflection factors Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
Floor: 0.2
Room Index (RI)/K
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑥 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
𝐻𝑚 𝑥 (𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ + 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ)
16.17 𝑥 5.88
3.7 𝑥 (16.17 + 5.88)
=1.17
Utilisation Factor (UF) 0.4
Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8
Number of lamps required (N)
𝐸 𝑥 𝐴
𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹
300 𝑥 95.08
3000 𝑥 0.4 𝑥 0.8
= 29.71
= 30
Spacing requirement for light fitting (m)
S max =1.0 x Hm
(Direct light)
1.0 x 3.7
= 3.7

8. FITTING LAYOUT
Figure 2.8: Sectional diagram of cafe showing proposed luminaries fitting layout
CONCLUSION
The cafe is arranged with 10 rows of 3 recessed LED downlights to achieve the requirement of 300 lux in
the room as stated in MS 1525. With the sufficient level of illumination the cafe is able to function
during both day and night.
Figure 2.7: Revit generated artificial light
contour diagram of the cafe
Figure 2.6: Proposed luminaries fitting layout
of cafe

9. 2.1.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors)
Based on the calculation and light contour analysis, the 30 luminaires in the cafe can be controlled using
two switches. Switch 1 controls the row (10 luminaires) facing the entrance and openings of the cafe
and switch 2 controls the remaining two rows (20 luminaires). The reason for this is because the cafe
will receive a strong daylight distribution of 10.4% during the day from the openings. Thus, in the day
switch 1 can be turned off while switch 2 is turned on to save electrical cost.
Figure 2.9: Proposed reflected ceiling plan and switch arrangement

10. 2.2 Library Reading Area
2.2.1 Daylighting Analysis
The selected area of study is the library reading area of the community library building, on the left hand
side of the community library building. Window openings at the front and back of the cafe allow natural
light to diffuse into the space.
Figure 2.10: First floor plan indicating the location of the library reading area
Figure 2.11: Revit generated daylight contour diagram of the library reading area

11. According to MS 1525, daylighting factor distribution is as below:
Zone Daylight Factor (%) Distribution
Very bright >6 Too bright with thermal and glare problems
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
DAYLIGHTING FACTOR CALCULATION:
Floor area (𝒎 𝟐
) 26.5 x 5.85 = 155.03𝒎 𝟐
Area of facade exposed to sunlight (𝒎 𝟐
) Perimeter = 11.7
Height = 3.5
Area = 40.95
Daylight factor 40.95
155.08
x 100%
=26.41% x0.1
=2.64%
NATURAL ILLUMINACE CALCULATION:
ILLUMINANCE EXAMPLE
120 000 lux Very bright sunlight
110 000 lux Bright sunlight
20 000 lux Clear sky
1000-2000 lux Overcast day
400 Sunrise/ Sunset on clear day
200 Midday
40 Fully overcast
<1 Sunset, Storm cloud
External = 20 000 lux (Clear sky)
DF =
𝐸_𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐸_𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
x 100%
2.64 =
𝐸_𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
20 000
x 100%
E_internal = 528 lux

12. CONCLUSION
The library reading area has a daylight factor of 2.64% after calculation. Based on the chart above the
space falls in the average zone of 2-3% and is close to the optimum zone of 3-6%. However the natural
illuminance level obtained is 528 lux which is higher than the recommended value for library reading
spaces which is 300-500 lux. The excessive daylight will cause thermal discomfort and prevent users
from enjoying the space.
Hence, double-glazed low-emissive glass can be applied for use in the window panes to solve the
problem of glare and reduce heat gain within the space.
2.2.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal
Artificial light is required at the library reading area to allow for a well-lit and comfortable space to be
used by building occupants during both night and day.
Fixture Properties
Type of fixture LED light beam
Model
Figure 2.14: Celino LED BCS680
Company Philips
Lumen (lm) 3000
Power (watts) 36
Figure 2.12: Elevation showing front opening of the
library reading area
Figure 2.13: Elevation showing the back opening of the
library reading area

13. Color designation Cool white
LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION
Space First floor library reading area
Dimensions Length: 26.5m, Width: 5.85m, Height: 3.5m
Total Floor Area 155.03𝑚2
Lumen, F (lux) 3000 lm
Standard Illumination Required 300
Height of luminaire 3.5
Height of work level 0.8
Mounting Height (Hm) 2.7
Reflection factors Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
Floor: 0.2
Room Index (RI)/K
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑥 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
𝐻𝑚 𝑥 (𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ + 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ)
26.5 x 5.85
2.7 𝑥 (26.5 + 5.85)
=1.77
Utilisation Factor (UF) 0.4
Maintenance Factor (MF) 0.8
Number of lamps required (N)
𝐸 𝑥 𝐴
𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹
300 𝑥 155.03
3000 𝑥 0.4 𝑥 0.8
= 48.44
= 48
Spacing requirement for light fitting (m)
S max =1.0 x Hm
(Direct light)
1.0 x 2.7
= 2.7

14. FITTING LAYOUT
Figure 2.17: Sectional diagram showing proposed luminaries fitting layout of library reading area
CONCLUSION
The library reading area is arranged with 12 rows of 4 LED light beams to achieve the requirement of
300-500 lux in the room as stated in MS 1525. With the sufficient level of illumination the library reading
area is able to function during both day and night.
Figure 2.15: Proposed luminaries fitting
layout of library reading area
Figure 2.16: Revit generated artificial light
contour diagram of the library reading area

15. 2.2.3 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors)
Based on the calculation and light contour analysis, the 48 luminaires in the library reading area can be
controlled using three switches. Switch 1 and switch 2 control the 3 rows (12 luminaires) facing the west
and east facade respectively. Meanwhile, switch 3 controls the remaining 6 rows (24 luminaires) in the
middle of the space, where the light rays are unable to reach. The reason for this is because the cafe will
receive an average daylight distribution of 2.64% during the day from the openings. thus, when the
natural light is sufficient to light up the space switch 1 and 2 can be turned off, leaving only switch 3 and
allowing for efficient energy saving.
Figure 2.18: Proposed reflected ceiling plan and switch arrangement

16. 3.0 References
1. Department of Standards Malaysia. (2007). Malaysian Standard 1525. In CODE OF PRACTICE ON
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.
2. Indoor Luminaires. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2016, from Philips Lighting:
http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/prof/indoor-luminaires#pfpath=0-CINDOOR_GR