The document summarizes lighting and acoustic calculations for different areas of the Sentul Community Library project. For lighting, it calculates the daylight factor and artificial lighting needs for the study area, children's play area and cafe using the lumen method. It determines that 15 LED lights are needed for the cafe and 10 fluorescent lamps for the references collection library. For acoustics, it calculates the external sound pressure level from traffic noise for the cafe and study area, finding them within the allowed noise criteria ranges but close monitoring is recommended, especially for the cafe. Vegetation buffers are proposed to help reduce noise levels.

1. Building Science II (ARC3413)
PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5
Sentul Community Library
Final Report & Calculation
Tutor: Mr. Siva
Carmen Chee Cha Yi 0313893

2. Table of Content
1.0 Lighting
1.1 Daylighting
1.1.1 Daylighting of Study Area
1.1.2 Daylighting of Children's Play Area
1.2 Artificial Lighting
1.2.1 Artificial Lighting of Cafe
1.2.2 Artificial Lighting of References Collection Library
2.0 Acoustic
2.1 External Noise (Sound Pressure Level)
2.1.1 Sound Pressure Level of Cafe
2.1.2 Sound Pressure Level of Study Area
2.2 Reverberation Time, RT
2.2.1 RT of Computer Lab
2.2.2 RT of Study Area.
References

3. 1.0 Lighting
1.1.1 Day Lighting (Study Area)
Figure: Third-floor plan
According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor distribution as below:
Daylight Factor (%) Distribution
>6 Very bright with thermal & glare
problem
3-6 Bright
1-3 Average
0-1 Dark
The selected area (Study Area) located at third floor. This is an outdoor
reading area, façades are openable to allow natural sunlight penetrate into
this area. Hence, there are no artificial lighting will be using in this area.

4. Daylight Factor Calculation
Floor Area (m2)
Area of facade that exposed to
sunlight
32.5
39
Exposed Facade to Floor Area
Ration/ Daylight Factor, DF
[(39)/32.5]
= 1.2
=120% x 0.1
= 12%
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
110,000 lux Bright sunlight
20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue
sky, midday
1,000 - 2,000 lux Typical overcast day, midday
<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds,
midday
400 lux Sunrise or sunset on a clear day
(ambient illumination)
40 lux Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise
<1 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds,
sunset/sunrise
E external = 20,000 lux
DF = (Ei/Eo) x 100%
DF = 12 x 20 000 / 100
= 2400 lux

5. Conclusion
The daylight contour diagram is based on Dialux stimulation at 12pm, April.
The Study Area has a daylight factor of 12 and natural illumination of 2400
lux. MS 1525 recommended illumination level for a study area is 400. This will
cause thermal and glare problem. Hence, adjustable shading device is
implemented to reduce the heat gain and solving the glare issue.
Shadotimber is a fixed or controllable wooden louvre shading system that is
proposed to install in front of the facade of the building. A shadotimber system
can reduce solar heat gain and also reduce air conditioning running cost.

6. 1.1.2 Day Lighting (Children's Play Area)
Figure: First floor plan
According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor distribution as below:
Daylight Factor (%) Distribution
>6 Very bright with thermal & glare
problem
3-6 Bright
1-3 Average
0-1 Dark
The selected area (Children's Play Area) is located at first floor. Both facades
for this area are openable and totally exposed to sunlight. Therfore, there is
no need of artificial lighting in this area.

7. Daylight Factor Calculation
Floor Area (m2)
Area of facade that exposed to
sunlight
45.3
45.6
Exposed Facade to Floor Area
Ration/ Daylight Factor, DF
[(45.6)/45.3]
= 1
=100% x 0.1
= 10%
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
110,000 lux Bright sunlight
20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue
sky, midday
1,000 - 2,000 lux Typical overcast day, midday
<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds,
midday
400 lux Sunrise or sunset on a clear day
(ambient illumination)
40 lux Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise
<1 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds,
sunset/sunrise
E external = 20,000 lux
DF = (Ei/Eo) x 100%
DF = 10 x 20 000 / 100
= 2000 lux

8. Conclusion
The Children's Play Area area has a daylight factor of 10 and natural
illumination of 2000 lux. This will result in thermal and glare problem.
Therefore, shading device and double glazed low e-value glass will be
proposed to solve the glare problem and also to reduce the heat gain in the
space.
Double glazed low-e value glass are proposed to minimize the amount of
ultraviolet and infrared light that can pass through without compromising the
amount of visible light that is transmitted.

9. Task Illuminance
(Lux)
Example of Applications
Lighting for infrequently
used area
Lighting for working
interiors
Localized lighting for
exacting task
20
100
100
100
100
150
100
100
100
100
200
200
300 – 400
300 – 400
150
200
150 – 300
150
150
100
100
300 – 500
200 – 750
300
500
1000
2000
Minimum service illuminance
Interior walkway and car-park
Hotel bedroom
Lift interior
Corridor, passageways, stairs
Escalator, travellator
Entrance and exit
Staff changing room, locker and
cleaner room, cloak room,
lavatories, stores
Entrance hall, lobbies, waiting room
Inquiry desk
Gate house
Infrequent reading and writing
General offices, shops and stores,
reading and writing
Drawing office
Restroom
Restaurant, canteen, cafeteria
Kitchen
Lounge
Bathroom
Toilet
Bedroom
Classroom, library
Shop/ Supermarket/ Department
store
Museum and gallery
Proof reading
Exacting drawing
Detailed and precise work
Table: Recommended average illuminance levels

10. 1.2.1 Artificial Lighting ( Cafe)
The cafe is located on the ground floor that operates from day till night.
Although natural lighting can be acquired but it is insufficient. Hence, artifical
lighting is important for this space.
Figure: Ground floor plan

11. According to MS 1525, the minimum lighting level required for a cafe is 200
lux.
Type of luminaire used as showed below:
Type of fixture LED Downlight
Type of light bulb
Material of fixture Aluminium
Product Brand &
Code
LEDXION K01116
Nominal Life (Hours) 50, 000
Wattage Range (W) 44
CRI 85
Colour Temperature
(K)
3000
Colour Designation Warm White
Lumens 3735
Material Function Colour Area
(m2)
Surface
Type
Reflectance
Value
Concrete
Finish
Ceiling Grey 40.8 Reflective 0.30
Glass Wall Transparent 52.8 Absorptive 0.10
Timber Wall frame Brown 105 Absorptive 0.14
Timber
Flooring
Floor Brown 40.8 Absorptive 0.14
Timber Furniture
(table)
Brown 3.63 Absorptive 0.14

12. Table: LLMF graph
Lumen method and calculation for Cafe (from 1.5m height)
Location Cafe
Dimension Length (L) = 8.5m
Width (W) = 4.8m
Height of the ceiling = 6m
Area (A) 40.8m2
Luminaries height 6m
Mounting height (Hm) 6.0-0.8= 5.2m
Recommended average
illumination levels by MS 1525 (E)
200 lux
Reflectance value Ceiling:0.3, Floor: 0.14, Wall: 0.24
Room index � � � / (� + �)��
= 8.5 � 4.8 / (8.5 + 4.8)5.2
= 0.19
Utilisation factor From table, UF= 0.26
Maintenance factor Luminaire category = C (closed top
reflector)
Time between cleaning (years) =1
MF = LLMF x LSF x LMF x RSMF
MF = 0.7 x 1.0 x 0.89 x 0.9
MF = 0.56
Type of Light LED light with 1 bulb,
3735 x 1 = 3735 lumen (F)
Number of light required � = (� � �) / (� � �� � ��)
� = (200 � 40.8) / (3735 � 0.26 �
0.56)
� = 15

13. 15 luminaries are needed to reach
the minmum requirement for MS1525
= 200 lux
Spacing to height ratio (SHR) ��� = 1/H� � √ �/�
��� = 1/5.2 � √ 40.8/15
= 0.31
��� = � /5.2 = 0.31
� = 5.2 � 0.31 = 1.61
Approximate fittings layout/m Fittings required along 8.9m wall;
8.9/ 1.61 = 5 rows
Therefore, approximately 5 x 3 = 15
luminaries required;
Spacing along 4.8m wall;
4.8/3
= 1.6m
FINAL LAYOUT
Figure: Fittings layout of the Cafe
Conclusion
15 LED lights are used to illuminate the cafe to achieve the minimum of 200
lux stated by MS 1525. With sufficient level of illumination, the users can
enjoy food and good times in a well illuminated atmosphere.
1.2.2 Artificial Lighting (References Collection Library)

14. The references collection library is located on the third floor. Artificial lighting
is vital for the space as there is insufficient natural light.
Figure: Third floor plan
According to MS 1525, the minimum lighting level requried for a library room
is 300 lux.

15. Type of luminaire used as showed below:
Type of fixture Flurescent tube with reflector
Type of light bulb
Material of fixture Aluminium
Product Brand & Code F39W/TS/830/ECO
Nominal Life (Hours) 36,000
Wattage Range (W) 39
CRI 85
Colour Temperature (K) 3000
Colour Designation Warm White
Lumens 3500
Material Function Colour Area
(m2)
Surface
Type
Reflectance
Value
Concrete
Finish
Ceiling Grey 55.88 Reflective 0.30
Glass Wall Transparent 38.1 Absorptive 0.10
Concrete Wall Brown 26.4 Reflective 0.30
Timber
Flooring
Floor Brown 55.88 Absorptive 0.14
Timber Furniture
(shelfs &
table)
Brown 12.69 Absorptive 0.14
Lumen method and calculation for References collection library (from
1.5m height)
Location References Collection Library
Dimension Length (L) = 12.7m
Width (W) = 4.4m
Height of the ceiling = 3.2m
Area (A) 55.88m2
Luminaries height 3.2 m
Mounting height (Hm) 3.2 -0.8= 2.4m
Recommended average
illumination levels by MS 1525 (E)
300 lux
Reflectance value Ceiling:0.3, Floor: 0.14, Wall: 0.24
Room index � � � / (� + �)��
= 12.7 � 4.4 / (12.7 + 4.4) 2.4

16. = 1.36
Utilisation factor From table, UF= 0.4
Maintenance factor Luminaire category = C (closed top
reflector)
Time between cleaning (years) =1
MF = LLMF x LSF x LMF x RSMF
MF = 0.92 x 1.0 x 0.81 x 0.82
MF = 0.61
Type of Light LED light with 1 bulb,
3500 x 2 = 7000 lumen (F)
Number of light required � = (� � �) / (� � �� � ��)
� = (300 � 55.88) / (7000 � 0.4 �
0.61)
� = 10
10 luminaries are needed to reach
the minmum requirement for MS1525
= 300 lux
Spacing to height ratio (SHR) ��� = 1/H� � √ �/�
��� = 1/2.4 � √ 55.88/10
= 0.99
��� = � /2.4 = 0.99
� = 2.4 � 0.99 = 2.38
Approximate fittings layout/m Fittings required along 12.7m wall;
12.7/ 2.38 = 5 rows
Therefore, approximately 5 x 2 = 10
luminaries required;
Spacing along 4.4m wall;
4.4/2
= 2.2m
FINAL LAYOUT

17. Figure: Fittings layout of References Collection Library
Conclusion
10 fluorescent lamps are used to achieve a minimum of 300 lux for this area
according to MS 1525. The whole floor area is well illuminated so that
performance is not weakened due to poor lighting and comfort.

18. Table: Typical lumen maintenance and lamp survival data. (Source: SSL code
for lighting, 2013)
Table: Luminaire categories and a list of typical locations where the various
environmental conditions may be found (Source: SSL code for lighting, 2013)
Table: Typical changes in light output from a luminaire caused by dirt
deposition, for a number of luminaire and environment categories. (Source:
SSL code for lighting, 2013)

19. Table: Typical changes in the illuminance from an installation that occur with
time due to dirt deposition on the room surfaces. (Source: SSL code for
lighting, 2013)
Table: Utilization factor (UF) value. (source: Phillips, 2015)

20. 2.0 Acoustics
2.1 External Noise (Sound Pressure Level)
2.1.1 Cafe

21. Figure: Ground Floor plan
Noise source:
a) Shoplots nearby = 60 dB
60 = 10log(I1 / I0)
log-1 6 = [I1 / (1.0 x 10-12)]

22. 1 x 106 = [I1 / (1.0 x 10-12)]
I1 = 1.0 x 10 -6 W
b) Busy traffic noise = 70dB
70 = 10log(I1 / I0)
log-1 7 = [I1 / (1.0 x 10-12)]
1 x 107 = [I1 / (1.0 x 10-12)]
I1 = 1.0 x 10 -5 W
Total intensities, I
= (1.0 x 10 -6 ) + (1.0 x 10 -5 )
= 1.1 x 10 -5
Combined SPL
= 10log(I1 / I0)
= 10log [(1.1 x 10 -5) + (1.0 x 10 -12)
= 49.6dB
Conclusion
The noise criteria for cafe is within the range of NC-45- NC-50 (medium loud).
The combined SPL of the shoplots nearby and busy traffic noise surrounding
the cafe is 49.6 dB, which are within the given range. However, seeing as
49.6dB is very close to the maximum given range of NC-50, design strategies
such as using vegetation as a buffer zone to deflect the noises.
Plantings of two staggered rows where space allowed to provide visual
screening which it is more efficient to reduce noise.
2.1.2 Study Area

23. Figure: Third floor plan
Noise Source:

24. a) Busy traffic noise = 70dB
70 = 10log(I1 / I0)
log-1 7 = [I1 / (1.0 x 10-12)]
1 x 107 = [I1 / (1.0 x 10-12)]
I1 = 1.0 x 10 -5 W
b) Corridors = 65dB
65 = 10log(I1 / I0)
log-1 6.5 = [I1 / (1.0 x 10-12)]
3.16 x 106 = [I1 / (1.0 x 10-12)]
I1 = 3.16 x 10 -6 W
Total Intensities, I
= (1.0 x 10 -5) + (3.16 x 10 -6 )
= 1.32 x 10 -5
Combined SPL
= 10log(I1 / I0)
= 10log [(1.32 x 10 -5) + (1.0 x 10 -12)
= 71 dB
Conclusion
The noise criteria for a study area is within the range of NC-35- NC40. The
combined SPL of the traffic noise and the corridors surrounding the study
area = 71dB, exceeds the noise criteria for the study area, making discussion
and learning hardly possible. Design strategies such as using double facade
to filter and deflect noise.
Double skin facade
The cavity of the double skin facade is only ventilated to the outside and is
built to reduce noise.
2.2 Reverberation time, RT

26. Table: Sound Absorption Coefficient

27. 2.2.1 Computer Lab
Figure: Third floor plan

28. Total Absoption, A 54.68
Volume
= area of the room x height
= 49.88 x 3.2
= 159.6 m3
RT
= 0.16 (V/A)
= 0.16 x (159.6/54.68)
= 0.47s
The reverberation time for the computer lab in 500Hz of absorption coefficient
is 0.47s. According to the standards of reverberation time, the standard
comfort reverberation for computer lab is between 1.0-1.2s. So the
reverberation time of the computer lab on 500Hz is within the standard
comfort reverberation time.
Component Materials Surface
area/m2 (A)
or quantity
Absorption
Coefficient
(S) [500Hz]
Sound
Absorption
(SA)
Wall Plaster wall (8.6+8.6) x
3.2 = 55.04
0.06 3.3
Glass (5.8+5.8) x
3.2 = 37.12
0.04 1.48
Floor Carpet 8.6 x 5.8 =
49.88
0.30 14.96
Ceiling Concrete 49.88 0.5 24.94
People peak 20 0.5 10

29. 2.2.2 Study Area
Figure: Third floor plan

30. Total Absorption, A 42.62
Volume
= area of the room x height
= 35.56 x 3.2
= 113.8 m3
RT
= 0.16 (V/A)
= 0.16 x (113.8/42.62)
= 0.42s
Conclusion
The reverberation time for the study area in 500Hz of absorption coefficient is
0.42s. According to the standards of reverberation time, the standard comfort
reverberation for study area is between 1.0-1.2s. So the reverberation time of
the study area on 500Hz is within the standard comfort reverberation time.
Component Materials Surface
area/m2 (A)
or quantity
Absorption
Coefficient
(S) [500Hz]
Sound
Absorption
(SA)
Wall Plaster wall 2.8 x 3.2 =
8.96
0.06 0.54
Glass (12.7+ 12.7
+2.8) x 3.2 =
90.24
0.04 3.6
Floor Carpet 12.7 x 2.8 =
35.56
0.30 10.7
Ceiling Concrete 35.56 0.5 17.78
People peak 20 0.5 10

31. 3.0 References
 Architects’ Data. (2012). Chicester: John Wiley and Sons.
 ASHRAE. (1995). ASHRAE handbook 1984 systems. Atlanta, GA:
American Society Heating, Refrigerating &.
 In Gibbs, B., In Goodchild, J., In Hopkins, C., & In Oldham, D. (2010).
Collected Papers in Building Acoustics: Room Acoustics and
Environmental Noise. Brentwood, Essex: Multi-Science Publishing Co.
Ltd.
 Malaysia. (2007). Code of practice on energy efficiency and use of
renewable energy for non-residential buildings (first revision).
Putrajaya: Department of Standard Malaysia.
 Sound Absorption Coefficients of architectural acoustical materials.
(1957). New York.