The document provides a comprehensive analysis of daylighting and artificial lighting for a community library located in Kuala Lumpur, focusing on space A (reading area) and space B (working area). It examines the impact of surrounding structures on natural light accessibility and presents calculations for required artificial lighting to meet standards for user comfort and functionality. Recommendations are made for facade reconsideration and layout adjustments to enhance illumination within the library spaces.

2. Table of Content
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Daylighting Analysis
3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis
4.0 Reference
Introduction to Site
Shaodw Casting
Section: Location of Space A & B
2.1 Space A: Reading area
2.2 Daylight Contour
2.3 Daylight Distribution Factor
2.4 Room Illuminance
2.5 Section of Space A: Reading Area
2.6 Conclusion
3.1 Space B: Working area
3.2 Daylight Contour
3.3 Artificial Lighting Fixture
3.4 Ceiling Plan: Artificial Light Contour
3.5 PSALI
3.6 Artificial Lighting Calculation
3.7 Section of Space B: Working Area
3.8 Conclusion

3. 1.0 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Site
Medan Pasar or the Old Market Square is the heart of the inner city of Kuala Lumpur. The centrepiece
of Medan Pasar is the Market Square Clock Tower. The site of the community library is an infill site in
within the retails shop lots along the public open space, where most of the space inside the building is
not exposed to the natural daylight. The front facade of the library is facing the west, and the back
facade is facing east. The front facade is exposed to the natural light yet the natural light from the
back facade is blocked by the 36 metre RHB tower across the back lane. The choice of the facade
system needed to be well considered for lighting conditions and the user’s visual comfort. The
placement of artificial lighting is also needed to be designed to ensure there’s sufficient luminance in
the interior space.

4. 1.0 Introduction
1.2 Shaodw Casting
8AM 1PM 6PM
1.3 Section: Location of Space A & B
Space A:
Reading space at second floor
Space B:
Working space at First floor

5. 2.0 Daylighting Analysis
Daylight Factor is defined as the ratio of the natural illuminance at a particular point on a horizontal
plane to the simultaneously occurring external illuminance of the unobstructed overcast sky.
Formula:
Daylight Factor, DF =Total area of facade exposed to sunlight / Total floor area x 100%
where,
Ei = Indoor illuminance
Eo = Outdoor illuminance
Average Daylight Factor
Fomula:
Average DF=W/A x Tθ / (1-R)
where,
W = the area of the windows (m2 )
A = the total area of the internal surfaces (m2 )
T = the glass transmittance corrected for dirt
Θ = visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window
R = the average reflectance of area A
Daylight factors and distribution (Department of Standards Malaysia, 2007)
Zone DF (%) Distribution
Very bright >6 Large (involved thermal
and glare problem)
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor

6. 2.0 Daylighting Analysis
2.1 Space A: Reading area
Second Floor Plan
2.2 Daylight Contour
One of the daylight source enters the reading space through the front facade. The other daylight
source enters the reading space via the void facing the courtyard.

7. 2.0 Daylighting Analysis
2.3 Daylight Distribution Factor
2.4 Room Illuminance
The standard room illuminance for reading area stated in MS1525 is 300-500 lux.
The external illuminance is 20,000 lux.
Total floor area 127.4m2
Facade exposed to
daylight
A) Front facade
A1=24.6x0.5=12.3m2
A2=5.11x0.5=2.55m2
A3=28.4x0.5=14.2m2
B) Void
B1=33.3x0.6=20m2
Total area of facade
exposed to daylight
=12.3+2.55+14.2+20
=49.1m2
Skylight area 0
Daylight factor, DF DF=Total area of facade
exposed to sunlight / Total
floor area x 100%
DF=49.1/127.4x100%
=0.39%
Indoor illuminance DF=[Ei x 100% / Eo]
Ei=Indoor illuminance
Eo=Outdoor illuminance
0.39=[Ei / 20000] x 100%
Ei =0.39x200
Ei =78 lux
Average daylight factor DF=W/A x Tθ / (1-R)
W=Area of windows
A=Total area of internal
surface
T=Glass transmittance
corrected for dirt
θ=Visible sky angle in
degrees from center of
window
R=Average reflectance of
area A
0.39=(20/127.4)(0.6x71)/(
1-0.5)
=13.38%

8. 2.0 Daylighting Analysis
2.5 Section of Space A: Reading Area
2.6 Conclusion
The initial facade system designed for the community library is vertical wooden louvers and double
glazing windows.
The indoor luminance for the reading space is way less than the standard indoor luminance
recommended in MS1525. Thus, the facade design has to be reconsidered to remove more shields
and bring in more daylight.

9. 3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis
Lumen method is used to calculate the light level in a room. It is a series of calculation that uses
horizontal luminance criteria to establish a uniform luminaire layout in a space. We use lumen method
to determine the number of lights that should be installed on the site given the illuminance level
required according to MS 1525.
Formula:
N=(ExA) / (FxUFxMF)
where,
N = number of lamps required
E = Illuminance level required (lux)
A = Area at working plane height (m2)
F = Initial luminous flux from each lamp (lm)
UF = utilization factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the room surfaces.
MF = maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and dirt.
Room Index (RI), is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working and luminaire
planes.
Formula:
RI=(LxW) / [(Hm)(L+W)]
where,
L = Length of room
W = Width of room
Hm = Mounted height of fitting above the working plane.
After obtaining the number of lamps required for the space, the lighting layout and spacing has to be
determined in order for the lighting to be placed in a regular grid pattern and does not exceed certain
distances.

10. 3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis
3.1 Space B: Working area
First Floor Plan
3.2 Daylight Contour
The working space is located at rare facade. The space does not exposed much to the daylight after
morning time. In additional, the 30m RHB building across the back lane blocked most of the light into
enters the space.
The working space is designated for the white collars at site to have a space to do works at their
non-working hours, such as weekends and after working hours (evening to night).
Standard illuminance for general office with mainly clerical task and typing office, stated in MS1525 is
500lux
To ensure the space is useable during these period for the target users to use, effective artificial
lightings need to be installed. Other than that, the visual comfort of the users also need to be
considered to avoid visual discomfort during the artificial lighting is utilized.

11. 3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis
3.3 Artificial Lighting Fixture
Type Surface Mounted Downlight
Dimeter 0.2m
Luminous type Soft / warm white light
Luminous flux 2000lm
Power 10W
Color temperature 4000K
Color rendering index 80
Life rates 20,000hrs

12. 3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis
3.4 Ceiling Plan: Artificial Light Contour
Ceiling plan of the working space, with artificial lightings installed.
3.5 PSALI
The utilization of daylight is carried out as far as practicable, artificial lightings are installed to
supplement the daylight in the interior parts of the room.
In order to ensure the lighting levels do not change suddenly by implementing coordinated
supplementary artificial lightings, 39 artificial lightings (surface mounted downlight) are installed to
illuminate the working space of the community library.

13. 3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis
3.6 Artificial Lighting Calculation
Total floor area 73.4m2
Height of ceiling 3.5m
Type of light fixture Surface mounted
downlight
Lighting luminous flux 2000lm
Height of luminaries 3.5m
Height of working plane 1.0m
Mounting height 2.5m
Standard lumary
(MS1525)
General office with mainly
clerical task and typing
office
500lux
Reflectance factor Wall=White
Floor=Wooden
Ceiling=Light color
Wall=0.5
Floor=0.3
Ceiling=0.7
Room index, RI RI=(LxW) / [(Hm)(L+W)]
L=Room length
W=Room width
M=Mounting height
RI=73.4/[(2.5)(13.5+5.4)]
=73.4/(47.25)
=1.55
Utilization factor, UF UF=Fn / F
Fn=Effective luminous flux
F=Total luminous flux
0.59
Maintenance factor, MF 0.8

14. 3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis
3.6 Artificial Lighting Calculation
Number of fittings N=(ExA) / (FxUFxMF)
N=Numner of fittings
E=Illuminance level (lux)
A=Area at working plane
height
F=Average luminance
from each lamp
UF=Utilization factor
MF=Maintenance factor
N=(500)(73.4)/(2000x0.59
x0.8)
=36700/944
=38.9
N=39
Spacing to height ratio,
SHR
SHR=1/Hm x √(A/N)
Hm=Mounting height
A=Area at working plane
height
N=Numner of fittings
SHR=(1/ 2.5)[√(73.4/39)]
=0.4x1.37
=0.55m
Fitting layout Leght of fittings fixture
=13.5m x 5.4m
Number of fittings
=(1 rows x 24) + (1 row x
15)
Diameter of light
=0.2m
Spacing required
Along 13.5m lenght
=0.54m
Along 13.5m length
(subtracted the diameter
of lighting product)
=0.35m
Along 5.4m lenght
=1.8m
Along 5.4m length
(subtracted the diameter
of lighting product)
=1.67m
13.5/0.55=24.5
=24
39/24=1.6
13.5/25=0.54m
[13.5-(24)(0.2)] /
25=0.35m
5.4/3=1.8m
[5.4-(2)(0.2)]/3=1.67m

15. 3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis
3.7 Section of Space B: Working Area
3.8 Conclusion
With proper supplementary artificial light installed in a space, according to calculations and layout, we
can achieve the required illumination at comfort level in the space even as daylight varies. PSALI helps
figure out ways to save electricity as not all artificial light needs to be switched on throughout the day.
As the day progresses, different light fixtures can be switched on to adapt to room light conditions.

16. 4.0 Reference
MRKextreme Follow. (2015, May 26). Lighting architecture lecture 2. Retrieved December 11, 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/MRKextreme/lighting-architecture-lecture-2
The Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2017, from
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/147715355902400304
Task Lighting & Daylighting - Efficient & Effective Workplace Lighting Solution. (2016, October 26). Retrieved
December 11, 2017, from
http://blog.japhethlim.com/index.php/2012/10/18/task-lighting-daylighting-efficient-effective-workplace-lighting-
solution/
Shanid p, Works at DEWA Follow. (2014, April 05). Coefficient of utilization (cu). Retrieved December 11, 2017,
from https://www.slideshare.net/shanidbakkar/coefficient-of-utilization-cu
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