1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING &
DESIGN
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture
BUILDING SCIENCE II (BLD61303)
PROJECT 02
INTEGRATION PROJECT (COMMUNITY LIBRARY)
Prepared by:
YAN WAI CHUN 0319626
Tutor: Mr. Azim
3. 1.0 INTRODUCTION
This is an integrated project with Design Studio and to understand the
principles of lighting design in our given context. This project will encompasses on
artificial lighting and daylighting system also will implement the PSALI design
strategies. The given site is facing East-West direction, as a result it might consider
as a strategic location and at the same time an issue to be took into consideration.
We are encouraged to utilise the natural light that we get from our site as one of the
passive design strategy to reduce the usage of artificial lighting.
The design intention of my community library is to create social interaction and
social mixing among the locals, working class and the transient group in Jalan
Tuanku Abdul Rahman. By designing this community library which allows users to
unite their experiences through sharing diversity. This concept of my design requires
pocket of spaces interact with each other through activities and visual connectivity.
After the concept development, spaces are arrange in such a way that it utilise the
area around the atrium to replace artificial lighting with natural light. However,
artificial lighting is needed within the building on certain corners or deep spaces to
illuminate the insufficient light level spaces.
1.1 SUN PATH DIAGRAM
Sun orientates from East direction ( frontage of the building ) to West direction ( back
of the building ). Colisuem café on the South is 2 storeys lower than the proposed
design and the Wisma Harwant on the North is much higher than this library.
8. 2.0 LIGHTING ANALYSIS
2.1 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ( LUMEN METHOD )
Second floor – Main collection / book shelves area
9. DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
Diagram above showing the daylight enters from 3 windows and this exposed facade
to East direction is 7.75m away from the selected space. Daylight gradually
decrease with the distance of the selected space.
Table above showing the daylight distribution factor and room illumination value of
the space.
10. The calculated value of illuminance is exceeding the value of recommended
illuminance. But due to the blockage of curtains mentioned before for the protection
of book shelves and collection space, the value might decreases. Lumen method of
artificial lighting is proposed to solve the problem and to optimise the visual comfort
within the space.
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
- Light Fixture
TYPES OF FIXTURE Pendant LED Bulb
IMAGE
TYPE OF LUMINOUS Warm White
LUMINOUS FLUX ( lm ) 2000 lm
POWER ( W ) 120 W
COLOR TEMPERATURE ( Kelvin ) 2700 Kelvin
BULB FINISH White coated
VOLTAGE ( V ) 220 - 240 V
COLOR RENDERING INDEX
( CRI ) 80
LUMEN MAINTENANCE FACTOR 0.7
DIMENSIONS ( mm ) H = 132 mm , W = 69 mm
LIFE HOURS ( Hours ) 15,000
11. - Room Index and Illuminance Level ( Calculation )
HEIGHT OF CEILING ( m ) 4
TYPE OF LIGHT FIXTURE Pendant LED bulb
LUMINOUS FLUX ( lm ) 2000
HEIGHT OF WORKING PLAN ( m ) 0
MOUNTING HEIGHT ( Hm) 3.5 m
STANDARD ILLUMINATION REQUIRED
( MS1525 )
300 lux
REFLECTANCE FACTOR Ceiling ( ask plywood ) = 0.53
Wall ( concrete ) = 0.4
Working plane ( black walnut plywood ) = 0.14
ROOM INDEX, RI ( K )
𝑅𝐼 =
L x W
Hm x ( L + W )
= 77.77 / [ 3.5 x ( 7.7 + 10.1 ) ]
= 1.25
UTILIZATION FACTOR, UF 0.47
MAINTENANCE FACTOR, MF 0.7 ( Given )
NUMBER OF FITTINGS REQUIRED, N
𝑁 =
E x A
F x UF x MF
= [ (300 x 77.77) ] / [ (2000 x 0.47 x 0.7) ]
= 35.46
* N = 35
SPACING BETWEEN FITTINGS ( m )
Smax = 1.5 x Hm
= 1.5 x 3.5
= 5.25
FITTING LAYOUT Fitting required on the ceiling = 35 + 1 = 36
6 x 6 rows lighting layout with 1.4m x 1.8m
spacing between each fitting.
* 7 bulbs is removed due to the position of lift
core and staircase. 29 bulbs left are proposed.
12. - Reflected Ceiling Plan
Total amount of 36 light fittings were calculated but due to the lift core and staircase
landing near the lighting layout, 29 light fittings were left to install and to illuminate
the book shelves space.
- Section Diagram
13. - Artificial Lighting Contour
Diagram above showing the light contour after the lighting layout is proposed to
illuminate the book shelves area with the optimum amount of lighting fixtures
calculated.
14. 2.2 DAY LIGHTING ( PSALI CONCEPT )
Ground floor – Event / Exhibition space
15. DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
Diagram above showing the daylight enters from the entrance through the timber
louvered doors and skylight ( polycarbonate panels ) above, near the end of the
space. Daylight gradually decrease as it reaches the center of the event / exhibition
space.
- Daylight Factor, DF ( Calculation )
Diagram above showing the visible sky angle from the center of the exposed doors
of the selected space.
16. FLOOR AREA ( m2
) ( 10.32 x 7.05 ) + ( 7.55 x 9.40 ) = 143.73
AREA OF DOORS AND SKYLIGHT , W ( m2
) Door , 6 x 3 = 18
Skylight = 20
TOTAL AREA OF INTERNAL
SURFACES, A ( m2
)
Floor = 143.73
Wall A, ( 19.66 x 4 ) = 78.63
Wall B, [ ( 3.1 x 4 ) + ( 6.9 x 4 ) ] = 40.00
Wall C, [ ( 7.75 x 3.30 ) – 18 ] = 7.58
Ceiling =112.58
Total area =383.10
AVERAGE TRANSMITTANCE VALUE
( CORRECTED FOR DIRT ), T
Timber louvered door = 0.3
Skylight ( polycarbonate panels ) = 0.3
Average transmittance = 0.3
VISIBLE SKY ANGLE IN DEGREES FROM
THE CENTER OF THE DOOR, θ
61
AVERAGE REFLECTANCE OF THE
AREA, R
Ceiling ( ask plywood ) = 0.53
Wall ( concrete ) = 0.4
Working plane ( black walnut plywood ) = 0.14
Average reflectance = 0.36
DAYLIGHT FACTOR, DF
DF =
𝑊
𝐴
x
𝑇 𝛉
(1−𝑅)
= ( 38 / 383.10 ) x [ ( 0.3 x 61 ) /
( 1 – 0.36 ) ]
= 695.40 / 245.18
= 2.84%
17. According to MS1525, daylight factors and impact, the calculated daylight factor for
the event and exhibition space, 2.84% is considered as an acceptable value for its
lighting, glare and thermal comfort.
Due to the function of the space, spatial quality can be enhanced with light fixture
that has lower luminous flux and to be used in the area where daylight is unable to
reach.
- Light Fixture
TYPES OF FIXTURE Recessed LED spot light
IMAGE
TYPE OF LUMINOUS Cool White
LUMINOUS FLUX ( lm ) 1280 lm
POWER ( W ) 13 W
COLOR TEMPERATURE ( Kelvin ) 4000 Kelvin
BULB FINISH White coated
VOLTAGE ( V ) 220 - 240 V
DIMENSIONS ( mm ) H = 258 mm , W = 73 mm
LIFE HOURS ( Hours ) 15,000
18. - Reflected Ceiling Plan
5 rows with 3 light fittings each were proposed using PSALI concept to illuminate the
space at certain period of time throughout the day.
- Artificial Lighting Contour
Diagram above showing the light contour after the lighting layout is proposed using
the PSALI concept to illuminate the event and exhibition space during certain period
of time. With the combination of natural light and artificial light, the optimum overall
light level can be achieved.
19. - Section Diagrams ( PSALI )
During morning period, sufficient amount of daylight enters from louvered
doors and skylight. Only Row A and C are needed to switch on to optimise
visual comfort in the space.
During afternoon period, daylight orientate to a certain angle that some
of the area within the space does not have sufficient natural light. Only
Row A, C and D are needed to switch on to illuminate the inner space.
During evening period, daylight orientate towards West part of the building
causing most of the area in front of the entrance have lower daylight intensity.
Row B, C, D and E are needed to switch on to illuminate the entrance area.
During late evening or night period, when daylight intensity drop to its
lowest, all rows of lighting are needed to switch on to illuminate the space.
20. 3.0 REFERENCE
1. Light Reflectance Values. (n.d.). Retrieved July 16, 2017, from
http://www.caseydoors.ie/light-reflectance-values/
2. LED Edison Bulb - Spiral Filament - 6 Watt. (n.d.). Retrieved July 16, 2017, from
https://www.1000bulbs.com/product/184570/PLT-10575.html
3. Detailed specifications on LED 8718696706954. (n.d.). Retrieved July 13, 2017,
from http://www.philips.co.uk/c-p/8718696706954/led-bulb-
dimmable/specifications
