This document provides lighting and acoustic calculations and analyses for two spaces - a silent study area and reading space - within a proposed Sentul Community Library. For the silent study area: daylight factor calculations show natural illumination exceeds recommendations, requiring louvers for shading. Artificial lighting calculations determine 30 downlights are needed to achieve minimum illuminance. Reverberation time is above comfort levels but can be improved with carpet installation. For the reading space: daylight falls within recommended levels but curtains may be needed. Artificial lighting calculations determine 3 luminaires are sufficient. Sound pressure levels during peak hours are moderate but facade improvements can enhance acoustic properties.

1. BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]
PROJECT 02 -INTEGRATION PROJECT
SENTUL COMMUNITY LIBRARY
REPORT & CALCULATION
PEH KER NENG 0314619
TUTOR: MR AZIM SULAIMAN

2. Table of Content
1.0 Lighting
1.1 Silent Study Area
1.2 Reading Space
1.1.1 Daylight
1.1.2 Artificial light
1.1.3 Psali
2.1.1 Sound Pressure Level ( SPL)
2.1.2 Reverberation Time (RT)
1.2.1 Daylight
1.2.2 Artificial light
1.2.3 Psali
2.0 Acoustic
2.1 Silent Study Area
2.2 Reading Space
2.2.1 Sound Pressure Level ( SPL)
2.2.2 Sound Reduction Index (SRI)
References

3. 1.0 Lighting
1.1 Silent Study Area
Quiet
Study
Area
Second Floor Plan
The silent study area was located at second floor with one side facing the front road and another
side facing the back alley. The space was separate from others activity to enhance the sound
properties. The spaces was expose to sunlight to provide enough lighting for the function.Hence,
minimal artificial lighting was needed in this area.
Daylight Factor, DF
Daylight
According to Ms 1525:

4. Daylight factor diagram
Floor Area (m2)
Area of facade exposed to sunlight (m2)
Area of skylight
Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to floor
area ratio/ Daylight Factor, DF
Daylight Factor Calculation
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux
110,000 lux
20,000 lux
1000-2000 lux
<200 lux
400 lux
40 lux
<1 lux
Very Bright Sunlight
Bright Sunlight
Sunset, Storm cloud
Fully overcast
Sunrise/ sunset on clear day
midday
Overcast day
Clear sky
1.1.1 Daylight
7.6m x 6m = 45.6
28.6
0
(28.6+0)/45.6
=0.63
=0.63x100%
=6.3%

5. E external = 20000 lux
DF= E internal / E external x 100
6.3 = E internal/20000x100
E internal=6.3 x 20000 / 100
=1260 lux
The selected silent study space has a daylight factor of 6.3% and natural illumination of
2000 lux. Based on the requirements of MS1525.The space is too bright as it exceeds the
6% factor. For the purpose of reducing the thermal and glare problem,A louvers facade
system is proposed for the facade design of the library. The vertical louvers will provide a
well shading and reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating into the space. Hence,this
design should be augmented with internalshades for low perpendicular sun angles.The
low-e laminated glass is using as the inner facade of the space to provide privacy and well
sound properties for user.

6. 1.1.2 Artificial light
Utilization Factor Table
According to MS 1525, the recommendation illumination level for study space is 300-500 lux.
Model
Input
Lumen (lm)
Weight (kg)
DN570B (low height recessed version)
1350
230 or 240 v /50-60Hz
Power
2.2
36 w (3000k)
Dimension of room (L x W)
Total floor Area (m2)
Room cavity height (m)
Reflectance values
Room index,K
Utilization Factor,UF
Maintenance Factor, MF
Illunminance Requirement
Number of Luminaires
PHILIPS
7.6m x 6m
45.6
3.5
Ceiling=0.7
Wall= 0.5
Floor= 0.3
6 𝑥 .6
3.5(6 .6)
7
7
K=
= 1
0.8
300-500
N=
300 x 45.6
1350x (0.8x0.52)
0.52
= 24.36
~25 bulbs
+
Spacing to height ration
(SHR)
SHR=
1
Hm
x√
A
N
SHR=
1
3.5
x√ 45.6
25
=0.38
SHR= S
3.5
= 0.38
S= 1.33
Fitting Layout Fitting required along 7.6m wall
=7.6/1.33 = 5.71
=6 rows
Fitting required along 6m wall
=6/1.33 = 4.51
=5 rows
Lumen Method Calculation

7. Fitting Layout
Conclusion
1.1.3 PSALI -Permanent supplementery Artificial Lighting for Interior
30 downlights are used to illuminate study area to chieve minimum of 300 lux that stated in MS 1525.
With the sufficient level of illumination, the users can read in the comfort space.
sw 1
sw 2
There are 30 light fitting in the study room. Controlled by 2 switches which can choose to
turn it off during day time according to the light needed. SW 1 can be choose to turn off
if there are suffiencient daylighting in the space. However, to achieve a uniform lighting and
follow the 300 lux requirement of MS 1525, the SW 2 had to turn on during the day.

8. Reading
Area
1.2 Reading space
The reading space was located at first floor facing the back alley. The function of reading space was
provide a cozy reading area for the user. The facade for the space was a 7 meter curtain wall which
maximise the sunlight penetration. The open design allows view out and daylight penetration.This
design augmented with internal shades for low perpendicular sun angles. Therefore, less artificial
light is needed.
Daylight Factor, DF
According to Ms 1525:
Daylight
First Floor Plan

9. Daylight factor diagram
Floor Area (m2)
Area of facade exposed to sunlight (m2)
Area of skylight
Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to floor
area ratio/ Daylight Factor, DF
Daylight Factor Calculation
Natural Illumination Calculation
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux
110,000 lux
20,000 lux
1000-2000 lux
<200 lux
400 lux
40 lux
<1 lux
Very Bright Sunlight
Bright Sunlight
Sunset, Storm cloud
Fully overcast
Sunrise/ sunset on clear day
midday
Overcast day
Clear sky
1.2.1 Daylight
6m x 9m = 54
21
0
(21+0)/54
=0.38
=3.8%

10. E external = 20000 lux
DF= E internal / E external x 100
3.8 = E internal/20000x100
E internal=3.8 x 20000 / 100
=760 lux
The selected reading space has a daylight factor of 3.8% and natural illumination of 2000 lux.
Based on the requirements of MS1525.The space is a good distribution for daylight as the value
is within 3-6 %.Curtain may used to reduce the thermal problemand achieve a better value of
daylight factor.

11. 1.2.2 Artificial light
Utilization Factor Table
According to MS 1525, the recommendation illumination level for reading space is 300-500 lux.
Model
Input
Lumen (lm)
Weight (kg)
LP710P
14000
220-240 V / 50-60 Hz
Power
5
190 W
Dimension of room (L x W)
Total floor Area (m2)
Room cavity height (m)
Reflectance values
Room index,K
Utilization Factor,UF
Maintenance Factor, MF
Illunminance Requirement
Number of Luminaires
9m x 6m
54
3.5
Ceiling=0.7
Wall= 0.5
Floor= 0.3
9 𝑥 .
3.5(9 6)
K=
= 1.03 =1
0.8
300-500
N=
300 x 54
14000x (0.8x0.52)
0.52
= 2.78
~3 bulbs
+
Spacing to height ration
(SHR)
SHR=
1
Hm
x√
A
N
SHR=
1
3.5
x√ 54
3
=1.21
SHR= S
3.5
= 1.21
S= 4.24
Fitting Layout Fitting required along 9m wall
=9/4.24 = 2.12
=3 rows
Fitting required along 6m wall
=6/4.24 = 1.42
=2 rows
6
Lumen Method Calculation

12. Fitting Layout
Conclusion
There are 6 light fitting in reading room to achieve uniform lighting and achieve the minimum 300
lux that stated in MS1525. With sufficient light illumination, user can read inside the space
comfortably.
There are 6 light fitting in the study room. To achieve a uniform lighting and follow the 300 lux
requirement of MS 1525, the SW 1 had to turn on during the day. However, for energy saving,
switch 2 can choose to turn off due to the sufficient daylighting.
SW 1
SW 2
1.2.3 PSALI -Permanent supplementery Artificial Lighting for Interior

13. 2.0 Acoustic
2.1Silent Study Room
2.2.1 SPL-Sound Pressure Level
Sound Pressure Level formula:
Where SPL= sound pressure level (dB) , I= sound power (intensity)( Watts) and I0 = reference power.
I0 is usually taken as 1x10 -12
watts.
Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah)
Highest Reading: 75 dB ( moderate noise)
Lowest Reading: 60 dB ( quite sound)
Highest Reading
Lowest Reading
75 = 10 log10
I
I0
Antilog 7.5=
I
1x10 -12
1 x 107.5
=
I
1x10 -12
60 = 10 log10
I
I0
Antilog 6.0=
I
1x10 -12
1 x 106.0
=
I
1x10 -12
I= 106.0
x (1x10 -12
)
I= 1 x (10 6.0+(-12)
)
I= 1 x 10 -6
I= 107.5
x (1x10 -12
)
I= 1 x (10 7.5+(-12)
)
I= 1 x 10 -4.5
Total Intensities:
Total intensities, I
= (1 x 10 -4.5
)+(1 x 10 -6
)
=3.26x10 -5
Combined SPL:
=10 log10
1x10 -12
3.26x10 -5
( )
=75 dB

14. Highest Reading: 65 dB ( Loud noise)
Lowest Reading: 55 dB ( moderate sound)
Highest Reading
Lowest Reading
65 = 10 log10
I
I0
Antilog 6.5=
I
1x10 -12
1 x 106.5
=
I
1x10 -12
55 = 10 log10
I
I0
Antilog 5.5=
I
1x10 -12
1 x 105.5
=
I
1x10 -12
I= 105.5
x (1x10 -12
)
I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12)
)
I= 1 x 10 -6.5
I= 106.5
x (1x10 -12
)
I= 1 x (10 6.5+(-12)
)
I= 1 x 10 -5.5
Total Intensities:
Total intensities, I
= (1 x 10 -5.5
)+(1 x 10 -6.5
)
=3.48x10 -6
Combined SPL:
=10 log10
1x10 -12
3.48x10 -6
( )
=65 dB
Non-Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah)
From the result, the average sound pressure level for the quiet study room is 75dB for peak hour and
65 dB for non-peak hour. 75 dB is quite high for a study room.
The design solution to resolve the issue is to create a facade that can block the noise from
entering the study room and enhance the sound propertise inside the space.

15. 2.2.2 Reverberation Time , RT
Total Floor Area (m2)
Volume (m3)
Occupancy (pax)
Material Absorption Coefficient at 500Hz with 22 people in the space.
Building
Elements
Wall
Floor
Ceiling
Occupants
Furniture
(unit)
Total Absorption,A =
Materials Area (m2 ) Absorption
Coefficient
(500Hz)
Sound
Absorption ,Sa
Study Area
45.6
45.6x3.5= 159.6
22
4mm glass
Door
Concrete wall,
Plastered
Concrete Slab
solid timber
Plaster finish
Timber table
61.5
45.6
45.6
29
5.3
22-
14
0.1
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.04
0.51
0.06
2.9
1.23
0.46
0.32
1.82
11.22
0.84
18.79

16. Reverberation Time,RT
= (0.16x V)/A
= (0.16x 159.6)/18.79
=1.36 s
Reverberation time chart
The reverberation time for study room in 500 Hz of absorption coefficient is 1.36s. According
to the standard of reverberation time, the standard comfort of study room is within the range
of 0.8 to 1.0s.Hence, the reverberation time of study room is not within the standard range
of comfort reverberation time currently.

17. Material Absorption Coefficient at 500Hz with carpet
Building
Elements
Wall
Floor
Ceiling
Occupants
Furniture
(unit)
Total Absorption,A =
Materials Area (m2 ) Absorption
Coefficient
(500Hz)
Sound
Absorption ,Sa
Door
Concrete wall,
Plastered
Concrete Slab
solid timber
Plaster finish
Timber table
61.5
45.6
45.6
29
5.3
22-
14
0.1
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.04
0.51
0.06
2.9
1.23
0.46
0.32
1.82
11.22
0.84
30.19
4mm glass
Carpet,
thin,
over thin felt
on concrete
45.6 0.25 11.4
Reverberation Time,RT
= (0.16x V)/A
= (0.16x 159.6)/30.19
=0.85 s
The reverberation time for study room in 500 Hz of absorption coefficient had reduced from 1.36 s
to 0.85 s. which is within the range of 0.8 to 1.0 . Hence, the reverberation time for study room is now
within the standard comfort reverberation time.

18. 2.2 Reading Room
2.2.1 SPL-Sound Pressure Level
Sound Pressure Level formula:
Where SPL= sound pressure level (dB) , I= sound power (intensity)( Watts) and I0 = reference power.
I0 is usually taken as 1x10 -12
watts.
Peak Hour (Back Alley)
Highest Reading: 70 dB ( moderate sound)
Lowest Reading: 55 dB (quite sound)
Highest Reading
Lowest Reading
70 = 10 log10
I
I0
Antilog 7=
I
1x10 -12
1 x 107
=
I
1x10 -12
55 = 10 log10
I
I0
Antilog 5.5=
I
1x10 -12
1 x 105.5
=
I
1x10 -12
I= 105.5
x (1x10 -12
)
I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12)
)
I= 1 x 10 -6.5
I= 107
x (1x10 -12
)
I= 1 x (10 7+(-12)
)
I= 1 x 10 -5
Total Intensities:
Total intensities, I
= (1 x 10 -5
)+(1 x 10 -6.5
)
Combined SPL:
=10 log10
1x10 -12
1.03x10 -5
( )
=70 dB
=1.03x10 -5

19. Highest Reading: 55 dB (quite sound)
Lowest Reading: 45 dB (very quiet)
Highest Reading
Lowest Reading
55 = 10 log10
I
I0
Antilog 5.5=
I
1x10 -12
1 x 105.5
=
I
1x10 -12
45 = 10 log10
I
I0
Antilog 4.5=
I
1x10 -12
1 x 104.5
=
I
1x10 -12
I= 104.5
x (1x10 -12
)
I= 1 x (10 4.5+(-12)
)
I= 1 x 10 -7.5
I= 105.5
x (1x10 -12
)
I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12)
)
I= 1 x 10 -6.5
Total Intensities:
Total intensities, I
= (1 x 10 -6.5
)+(1 x 10 -7.5
)
=3.48x10 -7
Combined SPL:
=10 log10
1x10 -12
3.48x10 -7
( )
=55 dB
Non-Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah)
From the result, the average sound pressure level for the reading room is 70dB for peak hour and
55 dB for non-peak hour. 70 dB is moderate for a reading room.
To enhance the sound properties, a curtain or other mmaterial with soft surface can effectively
decrease the noise in the space due to the will be absorb by materials.t

20. 2.2.2 Sound Reduction Index
Building
Element
Material Surface
Area(m2 )
SRI (dB) Transmission
Coefficient,T
Wall 1
Wall 2
Door
Glass Panel
Concrete
Plywood
Tansmission Coefficient of Materials
a) Wall-glass
21
84
3.8
46 dB
26 dB
31 dB
SRI glass= 10 log10
1
T glass
26= 10 log10
1
T glass
102.6= 10 log10
1
T glass
T glass = 2.51x10-3
2.51x10-3
2.51x10-5
7.94x10-4

21. b) Wall-concrete
c) door- Plywood
SRI concrete= 10 log10
1
T concrete
46= 10 log10
1
T concrete
104.6= 10 log10
1
T concrete
T concrete = 2.51x10-5
SRI plywood= 10 log10
1
T plywood
31= 10 log10
1
T plywood
103.1= 10 log10
1
T plywood
T plywood = 7.94x10-4
Tav = (21x2.51x10-3)+ (84x2.51x10-5)+ (3.8x7.94x10-4)
(21+84+3.8)
=5.32x10-4
Overall SRI=10log10
1
T
=10log10
1
5.32x10-4
=32 dB
70 dB-32 dB=38 dB
The overall transmission loss from reading room to reading area is at 32 db.Assume that the sound
pressure level in the reading roomis approximately 70dB, the sound that is transmitted through
partitions into the reading room is approximately 38dB. Acording to the noise criteria environment
perception ,38dB is in the category of whisper sound. It is an ideal value for a reading
area where people are focusing on reading and studying.

22. References
Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants Guideline for Educational Facilities Acoustics.
(2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://file:///E:/Downloads/AAAC-Guideline-for-Educational-
Facilities-Acoustics-2010%20(1).pdf
web_absorption_data_eng.pdf. (2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://file:///E:/Downloads/web
_absorption_data_eng.pdf
Product catalog - Philips Lighting. (2016). Lighting.philips.com. Retrieved 6 July 2016, from
http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/prof
1.
2.
3.
(2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://www.utm.my/energymanagement/files/2014/07/MS-
1525-2007.pdf
4.