Ernest Rutherford was a pioneering physicist and chemist from New Zealand. Some of his most important discoveries included:
1) Defining the concept of radioactive decay and isotopes through experiments with radioactive elements.
2) Conducting the gold foil experiment in 1909 which demonstrated that the atom has a small, dense nucleus.
3) Performing the first nuclear reactions by splitting nitrogen atoms using alpha particles, showing that the atom could be broken up.
4) Winning the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations into the disintegration of elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances.
A centenary of the discovery of the nucleus: Ernest RutherfordTheo Mertzimekis
The document summarizes the life and work of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It describes his key experiments such as the gold foil experiment, which led him to discover the nucleus and propose the nuclear model of the atom. It also outlines his major achievements, including differentiating alpha and beta radiation, postulating the existence of the neutron, and being the first to achieve a controlled nuclear reaction. The document establishes Rutherford as the father of nuclear physics for his groundbreaking discoveries about the structure of the atom.
Great disasters in the history of spaceflight wonderdome
This week in the anniversaries of three space disasters we are remembering the astronauts who have lost their lives pursuing our common dream for space exploration.
Discovery and spectroscopy_of_the_young_jovian_planet_51_eri_b_with_the_gemin...Sérgio Sacani
Indo além da descoberta e imageamento de um jovem Júpiter, os astrônomos usando o novo instrumento do Observatório Gemini, Planet Imager, o GPI, eles pesquisaram um mundo recém-descoberto com detalhes sem precedentes. O que eles encontraram é um planeta com cerca de duas vezes a massa de Júpiter, e o exoplaneta mais parecido com um planeta do Sistema Solar já imageado diretamente ao redor de outra estrela.
O exoplaneta, conhecido como 51 Eridani b, orbita sua estrela hospedeira a uma distância equivalente a 13 vezes a distância da Terra ao Sol (o equivalente a uma distância entre Saturno e Urano no nosso Sistema Solar). O sistema está localizado a cerca de 100 anos-luz de distância. Os dados do Gemini, também forneceram aos cientistas as detecções espectroscópicas de metano já detectadas na atmosfera de um planeta fora do nosso Sistema Solar, adicionando mais similaridades desse exoplaneta com os planetas gigantes do nosso Sistema Solar.
12 astronauts landed on the moon between 1969-1972 as part of the Apollo missions, including Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in 1969 who were the first to walk on the moon. Animals like monkeys and dogs were early passengers in rockets and space flights during the 1950s and 1960s to test the effects of space travel. Rocket propellants undergo chemical reactions to produce thrust by ejecting hot gases. The Soviet Union's Luna 2 was the first man-made object to land on the moon in 1959.
The Space Race began in 1957 with the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, starting a competition between the US and USSR to demonstrate technological superiority. Both nations sought to lead in rocketry and spaceflight, with the US focusing on landing humans on the Moon before the Soviets. This competition drove rapid advances in science and technology during the Cold War era until cooperation emerged in the late 20th century.
This document summarizes the space race between the United States and Soviet Union from the 1950s through the 1970s. It discusses key events like the launch of Sputnik, the formation of NASA, first humans in space by each country, and manned missions to the moon. It also covers unmanned space probes and future plans for space exploration.
The document discusses the Space Race between the US and USSR during the Cold War from 1957-1975. The two superpowers competed to achieve firsts in space exploration, such as launching satellites, sending humans into space, and landing on the Moon, which were seen as demonstrations of technological and ideological superiority. The Space Race began with the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 and concluded with the US landing astronauts on the Moon in 1969, achieving President Kennedy's goal. The Space Race had long-term effects on education in the US by inspiring greater emphasis on STEM subjects in schools.
Ernest Rutherford was a pioneering physicist and chemist from New Zealand. Some of his most important discoveries included:
1) Defining the concept of radioactive decay and isotopes through experiments with radioactive elements.
2) Conducting the gold foil experiment in 1909 which demonstrated that the atom has a small, dense nucleus.
3) Performing the first nuclear reactions by splitting nitrogen atoms using alpha particles, showing that the atom could be broken up.
4) Winning the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations into the disintegration of elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances.
A centenary of the discovery of the nucleus: Ernest RutherfordTheo Mertzimekis
The document summarizes the life and work of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It describes his key experiments such as the gold foil experiment, which led him to discover the nucleus and propose the nuclear model of the atom. It also outlines his major achievements, including differentiating alpha and beta radiation, postulating the existence of the neutron, and being the first to achieve a controlled nuclear reaction. The document establishes Rutherford as the father of nuclear physics for his groundbreaking discoveries about the structure of the atom.
Great disasters in the history of spaceflight wonderdome
This week in the anniversaries of three space disasters we are remembering the astronauts who have lost their lives pursuing our common dream for space exploration.
Discovery and spectroscopy_of_the_young_jovian_planet_51_eri_b_with_the_gemin...Sérgio Sacani
Indo além da descoberta e imageamento de um jovem Júpiter, os astrônomos usando o novo instrumento do Observatório Gemini, Planet Imager, o GPI, eles pesquisaram um mundo recém-descoberto com detalhes sem precedentes. O que eles encontraram é um planeta com cerca de duas vezes a massa de Júpiter, e o exoplaneta mais parecido com um planeta do Sistema Solar já imageado diretamente ao redor de outra estrela.
O exoplaneta, conhecido como 51 Eridani b, orbita sua estrela hospedeira a uma distância equivalente a 13 vezes a distância da Terra ao Sol (o equivalente a uma distância entre Saturno e Urano no nosso Sistema Solar). O sistema está localizado a cerca de 100 anos-luz de distância. Os dados do Gemini, também forneceram aos cientistas as detecções espectroscópicas de metano já detectadas na atmosfera de um planeta fora do nosso Sistema Solar, adicionando mais similaridades desse exoplaneta com os planetas gigantes do nosso Sistema Solar.
12 astronauts landed on the moon between 1969-1972 as part of the Apollo missions, including Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in 1969 who were the first to walk on the moon. Animals like monkeys and dogs were early passengers in rockets and space flights during the 1950s and 1960s to test the effects of space travel. Rocket propellants undergo chemical reactions to produce thrust by ejecting hot gases. The Soviet Union's Luna 2 was the first man-made object to land on the moon in 1959.
The Space Race began in 1957 with the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, starting a competition between the US and USSR to demonstrate technological superiority. Both nations sought to lead in rocketry and spaceflight, with the US focusing on landing humans on the Moon before the Soviets. This competition drove rapid advances in science and technology during the Cold War era until cooperation emerged in the late 20th century.
This document summarizes the space race between the United States and Soviet Union from the 1950s through the 1970s. It discusses key events like the launch of Sputnik, the formation of NASA, first humans in space by each country, and manned missions to the moon. It also covers unmanned space probes and future plans for space exploration.
The document discusses the Space Race between the US and USSR during the Cold War from 1957-1975. The two superpowers competed to achieve firsts in space exploration, such as launching satellites, sending humans into space, and landing on the Moon, which were seen as demonstrations of technological and ideological superiority. The Space Race began with the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 and concluded with the US landing astronauts on the Moon in 1969, achieving President Kennedy's goal. The Space Race had long-term effects on education in the US by inspiring greater emphasis on STEM subjects in schools.
Apollo 13 was a 1970 Apollo space mission to the moon that suffered a critical failure en route. The three astronauts aboard - James Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise - worked with mission control to return safely after an oxygen tank exploded, endangering the spacecraft and crew's survival. The explosion forced the crew to abort their lunar landing and return to Earth earlier than planned, making emergency repairs and using the lunar module as a "lifeboat" to keep the command module's systems functioning well enough for reentry.
The document provides information about various missions to the moon, including key facts about the size and distance of the moon from earth. It summarizes several early Soviet lunar missions from 1959 to 1966 that conducted flybys, impacts or attempted landings on the moon. Several American Apollo missions that achieved lunar orbiting and landings are described from 1968 to 1972, including details about the crews. India's first lunar mission, Chandrayaan-1, which was launched in 2008 and placed an Indian flag on the moon, is also summarized.
President John F. Kennedy encouraged the space program to send Americans to the moon to achieve preeminence in space for the United States and carry out scientific exploration of the moon. Several uncrewed and crewed Apollo missions tested equipment and modules, with Apollo 11 achieving the first lunar landing in 1969. Tragedy struck in 1967 when a fire during a launch pad test killed three astronauts. Later Apollo missions continued lunar exploration through 1972, including Apollo 13 which had to make an emergency return to Earth after an oxygen tank explosion.
The Space Race was a competition between the Soviet Union and United States during the Cold War to achieve firsts in space exploration. It began with the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 and ended with the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975. Key events included the first artificial satellite, first human in space, first woman in space, first spacewalk, and the first lunar landing. Both countries made major advancements in science, technology, and education during this period to gain a competitive advantage in the race.
Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon on July 20, 1969 as part of the Apollo 11 mission. The Apollo 11 crew included Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins. Armstrong uttered the famous words "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" when he first stepped onto the lunar surface. President John F. Kennedy had set the goal for the United States to land a man on the moon before the end of the 1960s.
The document provides a history of major events in space exploration from 1957 to 1998. It begins with the Soviet Union launching Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2, carrying the first animal into space. The US launched its first satellites Explorer 1 and Vanguard 1 in response. NASA was formed in 1958 to lead US space initiatives. The space race then involved firsts such as putting humans into space and on the moon. International cooperation grew over time, culminating in the launch of the International Space Station module in 1998.
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Astronomy Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 3000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 12 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 8 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow and meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and follow up questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation. Teaching Duration = 5+ weeks. Areas of Focus in the Astronomy Topics Unit: The Solar System and the Sun, Order of the Planets, Our Sun, Life Cycle of a Star, Size of Stars, Solar Eclipse, Lunar Eclipse, The Inner Planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Craters, Tides, Phases of the Moon, Mars and Moons, Rocketry, Asteroid Belt, NEOs, The Torino Scale, The Outer Planets and Gas Giants, Jupiter / Moons, Saturn / Moons, Uranus / Moons, Neptune / Moons, Pluto's Demotion, The Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, Comets / Other, Beyond the Solar System, Types of Galaxies, Blackholes, Extrasolar Planets, The Big Bang, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, The Special Theory of Relativity, Hubble Space Telescope, Constellations, Spacetime and much more. If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Space Race Presentation With Works Cited[1]CdrHeather
The document discusses the early history of rocketry pioneers Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert Goddard, and Hermann Oberth, who conducted experiments in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It then covers the Space Race between the US and USSR during the Cold War, which began with the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik in 1957 and ended with the US landing on the moon in 1969. The Space Race accelerated technological advances and helped launch the modern space age, but also increased fears and paranoia that contributed to UFO conspiracy theories and sci-fi culture.
The document discusses key events in the space race between the United States and Russia, including Sputnik being the first satellite to orbit Earth in 1958, the Apollo 1 fire that killed its crew during a launch rehearsal in 1967, Apollo 8 being the first to orbit the moon in 1968, Russia landing the first spacecraft on the moon in 1969, the US landing on the moon with Apollo 11 in 1976 but Russia having already made important discoveries, Russia becoming the first to send a mission to Mars in 1983, and suggesting that because of their early lead Russia had advanced far ahead in technology by 2012 compared to the US.
The Space Race began in 1957 after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the world's first artificial satellite, demonstrating their technological superiority and ability to launch weapons globally. This kicked off a competition between the US and USSR to demonstrate dominance in space exploration through achievements like being the first to launch humans and land on the Moon. While initially a symbol of political and military rivalry during the Cold War, the two sides eventually cooperated on joint space missions, turning their competition into a partnership.
The document outlines the key events in the Space Race between the Soviet Union and United States from the 1950s to 1969. It describes early pioneers in rocketry like Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Robert Goddard. The Soviet Union took an early lead by launching Sputnik 1 in 1957 and sending the first human, Yuri Gagarin, into space in 1961. In response, US President Kennedy committed to landing a man on the moon. Through programs like Mercury and Apollo, the US achieved several firsts and caught up to the Soviets, ultimately achieving Kennedy's goal when Apollo 11 landed on the moon in 1969, bringing the Space Race to an end.
The Space Race between the US and Soviet Union began in the late 1950s and extended through the 1960s. Both countries competed to achieve various firsts in space exploration, such as launching the first satellite (Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union) and the first human (Yuri Gagarin, also by the Soviet Union). This competition escalated when President John F. Kennedy announced the goal of landing a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s. On July 20, 1969, the United States achieved that goal when Apollo 11 landed astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon, fulfilling Kennedy's challenge. While the pressure of the Space Race led to significant technological advances, it also resulted in loss of
The document discusses the nuclear and space technology race between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War. Both nations developed nuclear weapons and feared a nuclear war, leading to an arms race as President Reagan challenged the USSR to increase military spending. In space, the Soviets initially led by launching the first satellite and manned mission while the US gained the advantage by landing astronauts on the moon. Eventually, the two countries began cooperating in space exploration.
Clyde Tombaugh discovered the planet Pluto in 1930 while working at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. He began studying astronomy by sketching Jupiter and Mars from his homemade telescope in Kansas. After discovering Pluto, he attended the University of Kansas but was not allowed to take a beginning astronomy course due to his status as a planet discoverer. In 2006, Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union. Tombaugh's ashes were placed aboard the New Horizons spacecraft which is scheduled to reach Pluto in 2015.
Using Historical Roleplay to Teach Speaking and EmpathySeriousGamesAssoc
The document describes the debate around Pluto's classification as a planet that occurred from 1999-2006. It discusses key events like a 1999 panel debate at the American Museum of Natural History where Pluto's status was challenged. Later discoveries of larger objects like Eris led to an official International Astronomical Union vote in 2006 to define planets. The document outlines the different factions in the debate (Plutophiles wanting to keep Pluto as a planet vs. Populists seeing it as just another icy object) and the resolutions voted on which ultimately defined Pluto as a "dwarf planet".
Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. He was born in 1930 in Wapakoneta, Ohio and studied at Purdue University and the University of Southern California. Armstrong had a distinguished career as a naval aviator and test pilot before being selected as an astronaut by NASA. On July 20, 1969, as commander of the Apollo 11 mission, Armstrong was the first person to step onto the lunar surface and said the famous words "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Armstrong received many honors for his achievements including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and Congressional Space Medal of Honor.
1) NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter captured a unique view of Earth from its position orbiting the moon in December 2015.
2) The best space photos of 2015 included images of the Milky Way galaxy, nebulae, galaxies, planets, and astronomical phenomena taken by NASA, ESA, and amateur astronomers.
3) Many of the photos showed new details of astronomical objects observed by probes like New Horizons, Hubble Space Telescope, and Mars rovers.
The document discusses the Apollo missions to land astronauts on the Moon from 1969-1972. It provides details of the Apollo 11 mission, which was the first to land astronauts on the lunar surface in 1969. Some claim the moon landings were faked, citing issues like the waving flag, lack of impact craters, and unusual shadows. The document counters several of these claims and provides NASA's explanations for the perceived anomalies. It also notes the technological and political context of the space race with the Soviet Union.
This document provides information about aeronautical and aerospace engineering. It discusses the fields of study involved in aeronautics such as aerodynamics, structural design, and propulsion systems. Aerospace engineering also studies flight in outer space, including rocket engines and spacecraft. The document then introduces aerospace topics like astronauts, space missions, early space flights, and spacecraft from the past and present.
The document provides an update on corrective actions
taken to address an open finding from an HUD monitoring
of the City and County of Honolulu's Community Develop
ment Block Grant program. It summarizes increased usag
e of facilities by eligible groups, dissemination of info
rmation about the facilities, a determination that no pro
gram income is due, and plans to terminate the contract
and reallocate funds to alternate public service projects
. The City remains committed to addressing the finding a
nd continuing performance monitoring.
Plasma diagnostic in eruptive prominences from SDO/AIA observations at 304 ÅUniversity of Glasgow
The document discusses plasma diagnostic observations of eruptive solar prominences from SDO/AIA at 304 Angstroms. New non-LTE radiative transfer calculations allow plasma parameters like temperature, column mass, and radial velocity to vary, unlike previous models. The observations and new models show that the Helium II 304 Angstrom line intensity can either decrease or increase with increasing radial velocity, depending on changes in the plasma parameters. Allowing parameters to vary produces a range of intensities that matches the range seen in SDO/AIA observations qualitatively.
Apollo 13 was a 1970 Apollo space mission to the moon that suffered a critical failure en route. The three astronauts aboard - James Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise - worked with mission control to return safely after an oxygen tank exploded, endangering the spacecraft and crew's survival. The explosion forced the crew to abort their lunar landing and return to Earth earlier than planned, making emergency repairs and using the lunar module as a "lifeboat" to keep the command module's systems functioning well enough for reentry.
The document provides information about various missions to the moon, including key facts about the size and distance of the moon from earth. It summarizes several early Soviet lunar missions from 1959 to 1966 that conducted flybys, impacts or attempted landings on the moon. Several American Apollo missions that achieved lunar orbiting and landings are described from 1968 to 1972, including details about the crews. India's first lunar mission, Chandrayaan-1, which was launched in 2008 and placed an Indian flag on the moon, is also summarized.
President John F. Kennedy encouraged the space program to send Americans to the moon to achieve preeminence in space for the United States and carry out scientific exploration of the moon. Several uncrewed and crewed Apollo missions tested equipment and modules, with Apollo 11 achieving the first lunar landing in 1969. Tragedy struck in 1967 when a fire during a launch pad test killed three astronauts. Later Apollo missions continued lunar exploration through 1972, including Apollo 13 which had to make an emergency return to Earth after an oxygen tank explosion.
The Space Race was a competition between the Soviet Union and United States during the Cold War to achieve firsts in space exploration. It began with the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 and ended with the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975. Key events included the first artificial satellite, first human in space, first woman in space, first spacewalk, and the first lunar landing. Both countries made major advancements in science, technology, and education during this period to gain a competitive advantage in the race.
Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon on July 20, 1969 as part of the Apollo 11 mission. The Apollo 11 crew included Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins. Armstrong uttered the famous words "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" when he first stepped onto the lunar surface. President John F. Kennedy had set the goal for the United States to land a man on the moon before the end of the 1960s.
The document provides a history of major events in space exploration from 1957 to 1998. It begins with the Soviet Union launching Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2, carrying the first animal into space. The US launched its first satellites Explorer 1 and Vanguard 1 in response. NASA was formed in 1958 to lead US space initiatives. The space race then involved firsts such as putting humans into space and on the moon. International cooperation grew over time, culminating in the launch of the International Space Station module in 1998.
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Astronomy Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 3000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 12 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 8 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow and meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and follow up questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation. Teaching Duration = 5+ weeks. Areas of Focus in the Astronomy Topics Unit: The Solar System and the Sun, Order of the Planets, Our Sun, Life Cycle of a Star, Size of Stars, Solar Eclipse, Lunar Eclipse, The Inner Planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Craters, Tides, Phases of the Moon, Mars and Moons, Rocketry, Asteroid Belt, NEOs, The Torino Scale, The Outer Planets and Gas Giants, Jupiter / Moons, Saturn / Moons, Uranus / Moons, Neptune / Moons, Pluto's Demotion, The Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, Comets / Other, Beyond the Solar System, Types of Galaxies, Blackholes, Extrasolar Planets, The Big Bang, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, The Special Theory of Relativity, Hubble Space Telescope, Constellations, Spacetime and much more. If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Space Race Presentation With Works Cited[1]CdrHeather
The document discusses the early history of rocketry pioneers Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert Goddard, and Hermann Oberth, who conducted experiments in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It then covers the Space Race between the US and USSR during the Cold War, which began with the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik in 1957 and ended with the US landing on the moon in 1969. The Space Race accelerated technological advances and helped launch the modern space age, but also increased fears and paranoia that contributed to UFO conspiracy theories and sci-fi culture.
The document discusses key events in the space race between the United States and Russia, including Sputnik being the first satellite to orbit Earth in 1958, the Apollo 1 fire that killed its crew during a launch rehearsal in 1967, Apollo 8 being the first to orbit the moon in 1968, Russia landing the first spacecraft on the moon in 1969, the US landing on the moon with Apollo 11 in 1976 but Russia having already made important discoveries, Russia becoming the first to send a mission to Mars in 1983, and suggesting that because of their early lead Russia had advanced far ahead in technology by 2012 compared to the US.
The Space Race began in 1957 after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the world's first artificial satellite, demonstrating their technological superiority and ability to launch weapons globally. This kicked off a competition between the US and USSR to demonstrate dominance in space exploration through achievements like being the first to launch humans and land on the Moon. While initially a symbol of political and military rivalry during the Cold War, the two sides eventually cooperated on joint space missions, turning their competition into a partnership.
The document outlines the key events in the Space Race between the Soviet Union and United States from the 1950s to 1969. It describes early pioneers in rocketry like Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Robert Goddard. The Soviet Union took an early lead by launching Sputnik 1 in 1957 and sending the first human, Yuri Gagarin, into space in 1961. In response, US President Kennedy committed to landing a man on the moon. Through programs like Mercury and Apollo, the US achieved several firsts and caught up to the Soviets, ultimately achieving Kennedy's goal when Apollo 11 landed on the moon in 1969, bringing the Space Race to an end.
The Space Race between the US and Soviet Union began in the late 1950s and extended through the 1960s. Both countries competed to achieve various firsts in space exploration, such as launching the first satellite (Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union) and the first human (Yuri Gagarin, also by the Soviet Union). This competition escalated when President John F. Kennedy announced the goal of landing a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s. On July 20, 1969, the United States achieved that goal when Apollo 11 landed astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon, fulfilling Kennedy's challenge. While the pressure of the Space Race led to significant technological advances, it also resulted in loss of
The document discusses the nuclear and space technology race between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War. Both nations developed nuclear weapons and feared a nuclear war, leading to an arms race as President Reagan challenged the USSR to increase military spending. In space, the Soviets initially led by launching the first satellite and manned mission while the US gained the advantage by landing astronauts on the moon. Eventually, the two countries began cooperating in space exploration.
Clyde Tombaugh discovered the planet Pluto in 1930 while working at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. He began studying astronomy by sketching Jupiter and Mars from his homemade telescope in Kansas. After discovering Pluto, he attended the University of Kansas but was not allowed to take a beginning astronomy course due to his status as a planet discoverer. In 2006, Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union. Tombaugh's ashes were placed aboard the New Horizons spacecraft which is scheduled to reach Pluto in 2015.
Using Historical Roleplay to Teach Speaking and EmpathySeriousGamesAssoc
The document describes the debate around Pluto's classification as a planet that occurred from 1999-2006. It discusses key events like a 1999 panel debate at the American Museum of Natural History where Pluto's status was challenged. Later discoveries of larger objects like Eris led to an official International Astronomical Union vote in 2006 to define planets. The document outlines the different factions in the debate (Plutophiles wanting to keep Pluto as a planet vs. Populists seeing it as just another icy object) and the resolutions voted on which ultimately defined Pluto as a "dwarf planet".
Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. He was born in 1930 in Wapakoneta, Ohio and studied at Purdue University and the University of Southern California. Armstrong had a distinguished career as a naval aviator and test pilot before being selected as an astronaut by NASA. On July 20, 1969, as commander of the Apollo 11 mission, Armstrong was the first person to step onto the lunar surface and said the famous words "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Armstrong received many honors for his achievements including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and Congressional Space Medal of Honor.
1) NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter captured a unique view of Earth from its position orbiting the moon in December 2015.
2) The best space photos of 2015 included images of the Milky Way galaxy, nebulae, galaxies, planets, and astronomical phenomena taken by NASA, ESA, and amateur astronomers.
3) Many of the photos showed new details of astronomical objects observed by probes like New Horizons, Hubble Space Telescope, and Mars rovers.
The document discusses the Apollo missions to land astronauts on the Moon from 1969-1972. It provides details of the Apollo 11 mission, which was the first to land astronauts on the lunar surface in 1969. Some claim the moon landings were faked, citing issues like the waving flag, lack of impact craters, and unusual shadows. The document counters several of these claims and provides NASA's explanations for the perceived anomalies. It also notes the technological and political context of the space race with the Soviet Union.
This document provides information about aeronautical and aerospace engineering. It discusses the fields of study involved in aeronautics such as aerodynamics, structural design, and propulsion systems. Aerospace engineering also studies flight in outer space, including rocket engines and spacecraft. The document then introduces aerospace topics like astronauts, space missions, early space flights, and spacecraft from the past and present.
The document provides an update on corrective actions
taken to address an open finding from an HUD monitoring
of the City and County of Honolulu's Community Develop
ment Block Grant program. It summarizes increased usag
e of facilities by eligible groups, dissemination of info
rmation about the facilities, a determination that no pro
gram income is due, and plans to terminate the contract
and reallocate funds to alternate public service projects
. The City remains committed to addressing the finding a
nd continuing performance monitoring.
Plasma diagnostic in eruptive prominences from SDO/AIA observations at 304 ÅUniversity of Glasgow
The document discusses plasma diagnostic observations of eruptive solar prominences from SDO/AIA at 304 Angstroms. New non-LTE radiative transfer calculations allow plasma parameters like temperature, column mass, and radial velocity to vary, unlike previous models. The observations and new models show that the Helium II 304 Angstrom line intensity can either decrease or increase with increasing radial velocity, depending on changes in the plasma parameters. Allowing parameters to vary produces a range of intensities that matches the range seen in SDO/AIA observations qualitatively.
This document discusses several projects related to plasma physics and nuclear physics that the author has worked on. It includes projects studying nuclear reactions in metals using deuterium absorption, characterizing electric arcs using electrical probes, using inductively coupled plasma for optical manufacturing, producing nanoparticles via laser ablation, and using neutron and gamma interrogation for security screening of luggage and parcels. Diagrams and images from various experiments and equipment are provided.
This document summarizes the state-of-the-art in EUV resist platforms for patterning at the single digit nanometer resolution required for mass production. It evaluates positive tone organic chemically amplified resists (CARs), negative tone Sn-based resists, and negative tone chemically amplified molecular resists. Resists were tested on an EUV interference lithography beamline capable of resolving down to 7nm. CARs demonstrated patterning of 16nm and 14nm half-pitches with some showing resolution down to 13nm. The molecular resists xMT-0614 and xMT-0801 resolved 16nm and had potential for sub-14nm patterning. The Sn-based resist
Stellar and laboratory XUV/EUV line ratios in Fe XVIII and Fe XIXAstroAtom
Talk given by E. Träbert, P. Beiersdorfer , J. Clementson at the 17th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas, Belfast, UK, 19-22 July 2011.
Double patterning lithography is a technique used to print integrated circuit designs when feature sizes shrink below the resolution limits of a single exposure. It involves splitting the circuit layout into two masks and exposing the photo-resist layer twice to print the full design. Decomposing the circuit layout and assigning patterns to the two masks is an NP-hard graph coloring problem. The document describes techniques for decomposing the conflict graph that represents incompatible patterns, including using SPQR trees to decompose into tri-connected components and solving each independently. Experimental results show the proposed method can achieve a 3-10x speedup over other approaches.
Semiconductor equipment industry report, 2009168report
This document provides a 116-page report on the semiconductor equipment industry in 2009. It summarizes the drastic decline in the industry from 2007 to 2009, with nearly all manufacturers seeing less than half of their 2007 revenue levels. The report analyzes market trends for various semiconductor equipment manufacturers and segments, including lithography, wafer fabrication, memory, and IDM. It also profiles the top 20 semiconductor equipment companies and examines their financial performance over this period.
This document describes the fabrication and characterization of vertically stacked silicon nanowire field effect transistors for biosensing applications. A process using BOSCH etching and sacrificial oxidation is developed to create arrays of vertically stacked silicon nanowires with diameters less than 40 nm, lengths over 1 micron, and densities up to 10 nanowires per micron. The nanowires are electrically characterized in dry and liquid conditions, showing good electrostatic control in liquid with subthreshold swings of 100 mV/decade and on-currents over 2 mA/micron. The vertically stacked nanowire design and fabrication process aim to increase the sensitivity of field effect transistor biosensors.
The document evaluates the performance of several chemically amplified resists for EUV lithography using interference lithography down to 11 nm half-pitch resolutions. Resists R1UL1 and R15UL1 demonstrated the ability to resolve patterns down to 16 nm half-pitch with exposure latitude greater than 20% and sensitivity around 35 mJ/cm2, meeting requirements for high volume manufacturing. R1UL1 in particular provided versatile patterning from 16-22 nm half-pitch with low line edge roughness. Evaluations also showed 11 nm half-pitch patterning is possible with some resists, though collapsing patterns remain a challenge at these small resolutions.
06 light management by nano materials-huis in t veld, kriya materialsSirris
Kriya Materials develops and manufactures custom nano-particle coatings for applications including lighting, displays, and solar energy. Their coatings include anti-reflection coatings to reduce light reflection losses at interfaces. Their 1-pot anti-reflection coating applies a single wet layer containing nanoparticles to provide the effectiveness of a double layer coating at a lower production cost. They also develop light coupling coatings to increase light absorption in solar cells and light extraction from LEDs, OLEDs and displays through refractive index matching of encapsulant materials.
Multiple patterning is a class of technologies for manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs), developed for photolithography to enhance the feature density. The simplest case of multiple patterning is double patterning, where a conventional lithography process is enhanced to produce double the expected number of features. The resolution of a photoresist pattern is believed to blur at around 45 nm half-pitch. For the semiconductor industry, therefore, double patterning was introduced for the 32 nm half-pitch node and below. This presentation gives us an insight of why multiple patterning is an important to give us a better resolution below 32nm.
This document discusses optical lithography and the challenges of achieving high resolution for integrated circuit fabrication. It covers the lithography process, the role of lithography in IC fabrication, and resolution challenges like diffraction. It then describes several lithography methods used today or under development to improve resolution, including proximity lithography, contact lithography, projection lithography, phase-shifting masks, immersion lithography, and extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The document focuses on EUVL and the associated challenges of mask design and multilayer optics required for EUV wavelengths. It concludes with a section on simulating an EUV lithography system.
1. The document discusses the process for designing and fabricating analog integrated circuits using CMOS technology. It covers topics like MOS transistor operation, CMOS fabrication process steps, and SPICE device modeling parameters.
2. The CMOS fabrication process involves growing gate oxides, depositing polysilicon gates, implanting sources and drains, and depositing multiple metal interconnect layers.
3. SPICE device models are needed to simulate the behavior of transistors and circuits during the design process prior to fabrication. Device parameters are provided for a 0.8 micron CMOS process.
Public Presentation, ASML EUV forecast Jul 2010JVervoort
The document discusses progress on EUV lithography systems for semiconductor manufacturing. It outlines ASML's lithography roadmap to support Moore's Law with EUV technology. It describes the status of their 0.25NA and 0.32NA EUV systems, including resolution improvements achieved and integration progress. It provides outlook on their EUV roadmap and future systems aimed at 16nm nodes and beyond.
This document provides an overview of plasma physics concepts. It defines an ionized gas and explains how the Saha equation describes ionization equilibrium. It also discusses how an ionized gas can become a plasma if it exhibits collective behavior and quasineutrality. Additionally, it introduces the Maxwellian velocity distribution and kinetic equations like the Boltzmann and Vlasov equations that govern plasma behavior.
This document discusses masked ion beam lithography (MIBL), which uses a focused ion beam to pattern biomaterials. MIBL allows for selective patterning without multiple processing steps like photolithography. Common ion sources for MIBL include ions of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and phosphorus. The setup involves an ion source, mass separation unit, and electrostatic system to produce a parallel ion beam, along with a cooled mask and substrate. MIBL has applications in nanofabrication, circuit editing, and biomaterial patterning without complex processing. Its advantages over other techniques include reduced steps, tailored surface chemistry, and independent patterning of material strength and composition.
The document contains notes on Analog and Digital VLSI Design from a course taught at BITS Pilani in Fall 2013. It includes a disclaimer noting that the information is provided for educational purposes only without any guarantees. It also states that the content was prepared by Akshansh Chaudhary based on a course by Prof. Vijaya Gunturu and includes copyright information and a link for more resources.
This document summarizes the double-gate MOSFET transistor. It begins by describing the basic operation of a single-gate MOSFET and then discusses the scaling limitations of bulk MOSFETs, such as decreasing carrier mobility and threshold voltage rolloff as channel length decreases. It introduces the double-gate MOSFET as a way to better control the channel and reduce short-channel effects. Key features of the double-gate MOSFET include two gates that control the ultra-thin body channel and allow direct scaling to small channel lengths of 20nm or less. Fabricating double-gate MOSFETs using a silicon-on-insulator approach provides benefits like low leakage currents. The double gates provide improved performance
FINFETs were developed to address issues with traditional MOSFETs as components continue to shrink, including short channel effects and higher leakage currents. FINFETs utilize a fin-like structure with a gate on three sides to improve control over the channel and suppress short channel effects. This allows for better scaling to smaller sizes while maintaining performance and lowering power consumption compared to planar MOSFETs and dual-gate devices.
Over the late 19th and early 20th centuries, discoveries like X-rays, electrons, Planck's quantization of energy, Einstein's photoelectric effect, and the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics revolutionized understandings of matter and energy. This new field of quantum physics provided the foundation for inventors like Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley at Bell Labs to develop the first transistor in 1948, marking the birth of the digital age. Their point-contact transistor design was able to amplify or switch electronic signals, leading to many applications including computers, phones,
Alma observations of_sptdiscovered_strongly_lensed_dusty_star_forming_galaxiesSérgio Sacani
This document summarizes ALMA observations of 4 strongly lensed, dusty, star-forming galaxies discovered by the South Pole Telescope (SPT). ALMA imaging at 860 μm reveals multiple images of each submillimeter source separated by 1-3", consistent with strong lensing. Lens modeling indicates that SPT0346-52 at z=5.7 is one of the most luminous and intensely star-forming sources, with a lensing-corrected luminosity of 3.7 × 1013 L☉ and star formation surface density of 4200 M☉/yr/kpc2. Magnification factors range from 5 to 22, with Einstein radii of 1.1-2.0" and
Carl Sagan (1934-1996, American) could be called the astronomer o.docxannandleola
Carl Sagan (1934-1996, American) could be called 'the astronomer of the people'. He popularized the science of astronomy with the general public, and revolutionized science fiction by believing that we are not alone in the universe. He championed the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, which continues today with a number of missions to Mars to search for signs of life on that planet.
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-1995, Indian-born American) made important contributions to the theory of stellar evolution. He found that the limit, now called the Chandrasekhar limit, to the stability of white dwarf stars is 1.4 solar masses: any star larger than this cannot be stable as a white dwarf.
Karl Jansky (1905-1950, American) discovered that radio waves are emanating from space, which led to the science of radio astronomy.
Jan Oort (1900-1992, Dutch) first measured the distance between our solar system and the center of the Milky Way Galaxy and calculated the mass of the Milky Way. An enormous contribution of his was the proposal of a large number of icy comets left over from the formation of the solar system, now known as the Oort Cloud.
Edwin Hubble (1889-1953, American) made an incredible contribution to astronomy and cosmology when he discovered that faraway galaxies are moving away from us. Known as Hubble's Law, the theory states that galaxies recede from each other at a rate proportional to their distance from each other. This concept is a cornerstone of the Big Bang model of the universe.
Albert Einstein (1879-1955, German) was probably the greatest mind of the twentieth century. His Special Theory of Relativity, proposed in 1905, extended Newtonian Mechanics to very large speeds close to the speed of light. It describes the changes in measurements of physical phenomena when viewed by observers who are in motion relative to the phenomena. In 1915, Einstein extended this further in the General Theory of Relativity, which includes the effects of gravitation. According to this theory, mass and energy determine the geometry of spacetime, and curvatures of spacetime manifest themselves in gravitational forces.
Annie Jump Cannon (1863-1941, American) was a member of the famous group of Harvard astronomers called 'Pickering's Women'. The director of the Harvard College Observatory, Edward Pickering, hired a number of women to sort through and organize mounds of data on the stellar classification of stars. The stars were classified by their spectra, and Annie Cannon was the most prolific and careful of the workers. She single-handedly classified 400,000 stars into the scheme we use today (O B A F G K M), and discovered 300 variable stars. She paved the way for women entering the astronomical field.
Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826, German) discovered dark lines in the spectrum coming from the Sun. He carefully measured the positions of over 300 of these lines, creating a wavelength standard that is still in use today.
Isaac Newton (1643-1727,.
Helium line emission - Its relation to atmospheric structureAstroAtom
Invited talk presented by V. Andretta at the symposium From Atoms to Stars:the impact of Spectroscopy on Astrophysics, 26th-28th July 2011, Oxford, UK.
The document summarizes the timeline of major discoveries in cosmology, including Einstein's theory of general relativity, Hubble's discovery of the expanding universe, and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation by Penzias and Wilson which provided evidence for the Big Bang theory. It then discusses supernovae types and their use in determining the accelerating expansion of the universe, for which three scientists - Perlmutter, Riess, and Schmidt - were awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics for their findings which suggested the universe is dominated by dark energy.
The document discusses the first moon landing by Apollo 11 in July 1969. It provides background information on previous Soviet and American space missions. It then summarizes the six successful Apollo missions that landed astronauts on the moon between 1969-1972. The document notes that Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first men to walk on the moon as part of the Apollo 11 mission. Finally, it addresses various conspiracy theories that the moon landing was fake, but provides scientific explanations for how the moon landing photos were possible.
This document discusses two famous observations of Transient Lunar Phenomena (TLP) known as the "1963 Aristarchus events" that were observed at Lowell Observatory. It provides background on the USAF lunar mapping program that was underway in the 1960s to support the Apollo program. The most experienced observers in this program, James Clarke Greenacre and William D. Cannell, observed glowing reddish spots on the Aristarchus Plateau on the Moon in late 1963. The document reexamines these observations 50 years later to clarify details and discuss whether they represented real lunar phenomena or observational artifacts.
Astrobiology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that uses principles from astronomy, biology, geology, and other related sciences to investigate the potential existence of life in the universe. It studies the origins and evolution of life on Earth to better understand where and how life may develop and survive elsewhere. Key events in the development of astrobiology include the launch of Sputnik sparking interest in space exploration during the Cold War, and the establishment of early NASA exobiology groups in the 1960s led by scientists like Carl Sagan. Current astrobiology research explores the potential habitability of other planets and moons both within our solar system and beyond.
The document discusses evidence that supports the Big Bang theory of the origins and evolution of the universe. It describes how observations of distant galaxies provided evidence that the universe is expanding from an initial extremely dense and hot state around 13.7 billion years ago. It also mentions how the cosmic microwave background radiation provides major support for the Big Bang theory and how computer models are used to simulate galaxy formation from the early universe.
Mass spectrometry has evolved significantly since its origins in the late 19th century. Key developments include Wilhelm Wien demonstrating the deflection of canal rays using electric and magnetic fields in 1898, establishing the foundation of mass spectrometry. Francis Aston constructed the first mass spectrograph in 1919, allowing for the discovery of isotopes. Over the following decades, scientists such as Arthur Dempster, Malcolm Dole, and John Bennett Fenn developed new ionization sources and techniques, including electrospray ionization, that enabled the analysis of larger biomolecules. The field of mass spectrometry continues advancing to this day.
ASTRONOMY, THE REVOLUTIONARY JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE AND THE ADVANCEMENT OF KNOW...Faga1939
This article aims to present the contribution of astronomy and, in particular, the James Webb telescope to the advancement of knowledge about the Universe. Astronomy is the study of the Universe that exists beyond Earth's atmosphere. This includes objects that can be seen with the naked eye, such as the Sun, Moon, planets and stars. It also includes celestial bodies that can only be observed with telescopes or other instruments, such as distant galaxies and small particles, and it also includes things we cannot see, such as dark matter and dark energy. The main goal of the James Webb Telescope is to peer into the past, looking back a few hundred thousand years after the Big Bang. One of the James Webb Telescope's key abilities is its ability to look back through time to the beginning of the Universe, observing the first galaxies and stars. The telescope, which is 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, has already spotted the most distant and oldest galaxy found so far. The James Webb Telescope also made the first detection of a “molecule of life”. The James Webb super telescope, with its great discoveries, shows the importance of the telescope by revealing, with unexpected speed, a series of information that can call cosmological theories into question.
LECTURE 14 ATOMIC STRUCTURE ELECTRONS, PROTONS and NEUTRONS.docxmanningchassidy
LECTURE 14 ATOMIC STRUCTURE: ELECTRONS, PROTONS and NEUTRONS
The above figure displays a cathode-ray tube (CRT). Today, a CRT is described as a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, and is used to display images. It modulates, accelerates, and deflects electron beams onto a screen tocreate the images. The images may represent electrical waveforms (in an oscilloscope), pictures (a television screen, computer monitor), radar targets, or other phenomena.
We now know that cathode rays are streams of electrons observed in discharge tubes. If an evacuated glass tube (upper image) is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, glass behind the positive electrode is observed to glow (lower image), due to electrons emitted from the negative cathode.
The above “official” account presupposes that one knows what an electron is and what are its physical properties (mass and charge). The discovery of the electron opened up a whole new chapter in the understanding of matter. This led to the realization that light and matter could not be fully understood using the classicallaws of physics, and that a totally different way of understanding nature was needed. Thus emerged, beginning in the last years of the 19th century, a completely new description of light and matter. This new description became known as quantum mechanics, and resulted in the quantum theory of atoms, molecules and the chemical bond. This is the historical journey on which we shall embark in this Lecture.
Cathode rays were discovered by Julius Plücker (1801-1868) and Johann Wilhelm Hittorf(1824-1914). Their experimental apparatus depended on two earlier inventions: 1) Volta’s battery; and, 2) a sealed glass tube in which a partial vacuum was maintained. The latter was invented by a German physicist and glassblower, Heinrich Geissler, in 1857.
Hittorf observed that some unknown rays were emitted from the cathode (negative electrode) which could cast shadows on the glowing wall of the tube, indicating the rays were traveling in straight lines. In 1890, Arthur Schuster demonstrated cathode rays could be deflected by electric fields, and William Crookes showed they could be deflected by magnetic fields.
It was these experiments on cathode rays inside the cathode ray tube that drew the attention of Röntgen. After repeating the above experiments, he began to study the radiation emitted outside the cathode ray tube, using fluorescent chemical sensors, e.g., barium platinocyanide, to detect radiation. His discovery of x-rays on November 8, 1895 was communicated to the Physico-Medical Society of Würzburg later in November, 1895. A translation of his paper appeared two months later on January 23, 1896 in the English journal, Nature. (You can dial up this article on Gallica and read it for yourself).
Paraphrasing Louis XV(1710 – 1774) of France, were he not such a humble, unassuming man,Röntgenmight have said "A.
1) The document reports the discovery of two new circumbinary planets, Kepler-34b and Kepler-35b, orbiting binary star systems.
2) Kepler-34b orbits two sun-like stars every 289 days, while Kepler-35b orbits a pair of smaller stars every 131 days.
3) Analysis of photometric and spectroscopic data confirms the planetary nature of the transiting bodies and determines system parameters like the planets' masses and radii.
Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896 almost by accident. While experimenting with uranium salts and their effect on photographic plates, he discovered that the plates were exposed even when not in direct sunlight, showing that uranium emitted radiation without an external energy source. This led to his discovery of radioactivity, the spontaneous emission of radiation by a material without external energy. For this discovery, which helped establish the field of nuclear physics, Becquerel shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with the Curies.
Rutherford discovered alpha particles emitted from uranium in 1899. Alpha particles are high-speed particles composed of two protons and two neutrons, identical to a helium nucleus but without electrons. Rutherford found uranium emitted at least two types of radiation, which he called alpha and beta particles, and determined through experiments shielding the uranium with aluminum sheets of varying thickness that alpha particles are stopped by just a few inches of air due to being a high-energy nuclear particle.
1. Theories of atomic structure have evolved over millennia from ancient Greek philosophers to modern scientific experiments. John Dalton proposed atoms as the basic building blocks of matter in 1803 based on laws of chemical combination.
2. In the early 20th century, experiments revealed atoms have smaller subatomic particles including electrons, protons, and neutrons. Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1911 established that atoms have a small, dense nucleus containing positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons, with electrons in orbits around the nucleus.
3. Niels Bohr's 1913 model visualized electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets around the sun, which explained atomic spectra. Later models like Erwin Schrödinger's 1926
The document provides an overview of the Apollo 13 space mission and movie. It discusses some of the key events, such as the oxygen tank explosion aboard the spacecraft on the journey to the moon, as well as the roles of mission control and NASA flight controllers in guiding the damaged spacecraft safely back to Earth. It also touches on some of the developmental themes addressed in the movie relating to leadership, teamwork, and problem-solving under pressure.
this is my pdf file of the seminar which i have given in my undergraduate physics degree.
the topic was cosmic microwave background radiation. feel free to use it.
This document discusses the history and potential future of astronomy from the Moon. It outlines how the Moon provides opportunities for astronomy due to its lack of atmosphere and long lunar days. Telescopes on the Apollo missions and Chang'e 3 lander took some early ultraviolet images from the Moon. The document argues that an observatory on the far side of the Moon could benefit from radio quiet skies and that the low gravity would allow for lighter telescope structures. It compares this to how satellites revolutionized astronomy and suggests space-based interferometry and gravitational wave detection as potential future areas for lunar astronomy.
Space research involves scientific studies carried out in outer space using specialized equipment. It began in earnest in the mid-20th century as rockets were developed that could overcome Earth's gravity. Some key early milestones included the first artificial object in space in 1944, the detection of the Van Allen radiation belts in 1958, and the first photos of the far side of the Moon in 1959. In the 1960s, important firsts included the first animal and first human, Yuri Gagarin, in space. Ongoing space research through the late 20th and early 21st centuries has involved missions to planets, asteroids, and other celestial bodies to learn more about the solar system and expand scientific knowledge.
Similar to Professor Dame Carole Jordan: a remarkable career (20)
Exposición interactiva que se llevó a cabo en el Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas entre octubre 2015 y abril 2016 que involucró alumnos residentes en el barrio de San Agustín del Sur.
This document summarizes an interactive exhibition held in October and November 2015 at the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo in Caracas, Venezuela. The exhibition, called the "San Agustín del Sur Tourism Office", was designed to promote social and spatial integration in the city through art and community engagement. Over 300 children from three local schools participated in workshops and helped create maps of their vision for the city. Additional activities included discussions on local tourism, cooking workshops, and student-led tours of the neighborhood. The goal was to use art and culture to bring divided communities together and foster a more inclusive vision of the city.
La artista Natalya Critchley se sintió atraída desde temprana edad por los pintores fauvistas y reconoció que necesitaba más luz para su arte. Influenciada por su héroe Matisse, terminó mudándose a Venezuela y vivió en Ciudad Guayana durante casi dos décadas, donde encontró la luz que buscaba para su trabajo.
Benchmark Calculations of Atomic Data for Modelling ApplicationsAstroAtom
This document summarizes benchmark calculations of atomic data for modeling applications. It discusses numerical methods like close-coupling and distorted-wave approaches for calculating atomic collision data. It provides selected results on energy levels, oscillator strengths, and electron-impact excitation cross sections. It also discusses applications to modeling neon discharges and takes a closer look at ionization calculations and examples. The document concludes by discussing the production and assessment of atomic data and outlines challenges in obtaining reliable data from both experiments and calculations.
Charge exchange and spectroscopy with isolated highly-charged ionsAstroAtom
This document discusses using Penning traps to capture and store highly charged ions extracted from an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) for charge exchange and optical spectroscopy studies. Specific ion species captured include Ne and Ar ions. The Penning traps use permanent magnets and allow storage of ions for up to 1 second. Future work aims to study hydrogen-like ions using a new apparatus combining a Penning trap with a miniature EBIT ion source.
Fluorescence and resonant ionization in astrophysical plasmas, with emphasis ...AstroAtom
The document discusses fluorescence and resonant ionization processes in Eta Carinae, an astrophysical laboratory. It describes how fluorescence produces emission lines in spectra of the Weigelt blobs near Eta Carinae. Resonance enhanced two-photon ionization (RETPI) can explain the formation of strongly varying emission lines through a process involving hydrogen Lyman lines. RETPI can control the ionization equilibrium of ions during periods of high radiation from the central star. These fluorescence and RETPI processes must be considered when using emission line ratios to determine physical conditions in astrophysical plasmas.
The document discusses the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Center (VAMDC) project, which aims to build an interoperable infrastructure for exchanging atomic and molecular data. VAMDC involves partners from multiple European countries and integrates several existing research databases. It intends to allow users to seamlessly search and retrieve data from over 20 atomic and molecular databases. VAMDC is developing standards like XSAMS, an XML schema, and technologies like the TAP protocol to enable interoperable data exchange between the distributed databases. The goal is to provide a virtual data warehouse to serve the needs of the atomic and molecular research community.
Electron impact excitation of H-like, He-like and Li-like ions with Z ≤ 30AstroAtom
The document describes energy levels, radiative rates, and collision strengths for electron impact excitation of hydrogen-like, helium-like, and lithium-like ions with atomic numbers Z ≤ 30. It provides tables of calculated energy levels from various structure codes and compares them to experimental values from NIST. It also lists applications of these data to astrophysical, solar, lasing, and fusion plasmas and describes common structure and scattering codes used to perform the calculations.
Atomic data and spectral models for lowly ionized iron-peak speciesAstroAtom
This document discusses the need for reliable atomic data and spectral models for lowly ionized iron-peak species like Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. Current models are inaccurate, with predicted line intensities disagreeing with observations by factors of several. The goals of the project are to compute new atomic data, construct improved spectral and opacity models, and implement the models in photoionization codes. The document outlines challenges in modeling these ions and describes ongoing work using relativistic R-matrix methods to calculate improved collision strengths and photoionization cross sections.
The role of laboratory astrophysics in studies of Fe-group nucleosynthesis in...AstroAtom
1) The University of Wisconsin laboratory astrophysics group aims to study iron-group nucleosynthesis in the early universe through measurements of element abundances in ancient, metal-poor stars.
2) They use a laser fluorescence technique to measure radiative lifetimes and a Fourier transform spectrometer to measure branching fractions needed to determine accurate transition probabilities for iron-group elements.
3) Preliminary application of their manganese data shows interesting non-LTE trends in abundances that vary with excitation potential, highlighting the need for accurate transition probabilities.
4) They are upgrading their echelle spectrometer to better measure weak lines and branching fractions, which will provide more reliable abundance probes and help constrain models of iron-group nucle
Application of X-ray plasma diagnostics to nova windsAstroAtom
Talk presented by Jan-Uwe Ness (XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre) at the symposium "From atoms to stars: the impact of spectroscopy on astrophysics", Oxford, UK, 28-28 July 2011.
Plasma diagnostics for planetary nebulae and H II regions using N II and O IIAstroAtom
This document analyzes plasma diagnostics for planetary nebulae and H II regions using optical recombination lines of N II and O II. It calculates effective recombination coefficients over ranges of electron temperature and density. It fits observed line intensities of several nebulae against theoretical predictions to determine optimal temperature and density. Comparisons with other diagnostics confirm a two-abundance model with a cold, metal-rich component.
New light element opacities from the Los Alamos atomic codeAstroAtom
This document summarizes new light element opacity calculations from the Los Alamos ATOMIC code. It compares the code's opacity results for carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, helium, and carbon/hydrogen mixtures to previous Los Alamos calculations and other databases. The comparisons show generally good agreement. The ATOMIC code features improved atomic structure calculations and equation of state models over previous efforts. Future plans include providing more detailed opacity tables for astrophysically important elements like iron.
Neon and oxygen in stellar coronae - a unification with the SunAstroAtom
This document discusses measurements of the ratio of neon to oxygen (Ne/O) in stellar coronae and how it relates to resolving discrepancies in solar modeling. It finds that the Ne/O ratio increases with stellar activity level in weakly active stars, from around 0.2 for the least active up to 0.4 for more moderate activity levels. These ratios are typical of the quiet Sun. Understanding how elemental abundances like Ne/O vary with activity provides insights into chemical fractionation processes on the Sun and other stars.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
1. Professor Dame Carole
Jordan, B.Sc., Ph. D.,
DBE, FRS, FInstP, ...
-A remarkable career
(with emphasis on the “early years”) based partly on a
lunchtime conversation, 28 April 2011 with
Philip Judge, of the High Altitude Observatory
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
2. Harrow County Grammar
School for Girls ``Nisi Dominus Frustra’’
Carole had ``read books by
Eddington and Hoyle in the
school library, and [in spite of
this- PGJ] wanted to do
astronomy’’
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
3. University College London
Carole was interviewed by CW Allen, Perren
Professor of Astronomy at UCL/director of Mill Hill
Observatory, and offered a place to study
astronomy.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
7. 1959- undergraduate
``Sept. 14, 1959: Moon Feels
First Cold Touch of
Humans’’
``Luna 2 becomes the first artifact of
humanity to strike the moon.
The Soviet Union launched The Sputnik-
like probe from the Baikonur
Cosmodrome on Sept. 12. It took 33.5
hours to reach its destination. Hitting the
moon, as prestigious an accomplishment
as it was for the young Soviet space
program, was not Luna 2's only objective.
Prior to impact, the craft also sent back
data confirming, among other things, that
the moon had neither a magnetic field nor
any radiation belts.’’
It confirmed Luna 1’s discovery of
particles emanating from the Sun.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
9. 1961- CJ’s first paper
Selenological implications drawn from the
distortions of craters in the Hipparchus region of
the Moon
Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 9, p.3
Gilbert Fielder and Carole Jordan
University of London Observatory, Mill Hill Park,
London, N.W.7 UK
Received 8 November 1961.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
14. 1962 University College
London: postgraduate
Following her 1st degree in astronomy, Allen
suggested 3 projects:
1. A-star statistics
2. oscillator strengths from
laboratory measurements
3. Tousey's recent spectra
containing many unidentified lines
in EUV, 170-280 Angstrom
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
17. Carole and Tousey’s EUV
spectra
Allen remarked that if she could solve the origin of the EUV lines (at
the time unidentified) she might make a name for herself.
Carole made Z-expansions using Edlen's method, computed gfs, used a
modified semi-empirical formula for the collision strengths, and built
emission measures from lines of Si.
With the above data, Carole thought that ''iron should be present in
the lists of identifications". She was first to propose that these
were 3p-3d transitions in the ions Fe IX to Fe XIV.
She identified some lines in Fe XIV, making use of f-values calculated
by Garstang.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
18. Carole, Culham and Zeta
In 1963 CW Allen attended an open day
at Culham and saw that the many un-
identified lines in the EUV spectrum of
the Zeta plasma device resembled those
in the solar spectrum. In a later visit to
Culham with Allen, Carole pointed out
the presence of the Fe XV (284 A) line
in Zeta. Her suggestion that Fe XIV
might be present was confirmed.
Gabriel and Fawcett thought the lines
might be Fe II - IV.
She was “100% sure” that the lines
were the 3p - 3d transitions in the
higher ions.
UCL Thesis 1965: "Analysis of the solar
ultraviolet spectrum"
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
19. Lab Spectroscopy at
Culham
Line crowding (from different ions and due to fine structure) made
individual line identifications difficult.
The detailed identifications were based on much laboratory work at
Culham by Brian Fawcett and Alan Gabriel and, in the Nature
(1965) letter with Carole, included lines of Fe VIII to XII.
Carole spent 6 weeks and odd days at Culham, helping to trace
isoelectronic lines in the lab spectra. Problems were apparent in
low ions (< stage IV), which Gabriel resolved by realizing that
these were due to configuration interaction.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
21. 100% sure?
You bet!
SDO 2011:
Blue Fe IX 171
Green Fe XII 194
Red Fe XIV 210
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
22. 1965-1966
1965 - Wilson (Head of Culham's
Spectroscopy Division), offered
her a post through a UKAEA
grant to UCL. But Garstang had
offered a postdoc position at
JILA (Boulder), supported by his
US Army grant. Her Culham post
was held open while in 1966 she
spent 9 months in Boulder, as
the first female research
associate at JILA.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
23. 1965-1966
1965 - Wilson (Head of Culham's
Spectroscopy Division), offered
her a post through a UKAEA
grant to UCL. But Garstang had
offered a postdoc position at
JILA (Boulder), supported by his
US Army grant. Her Culham post
was held open while in 1966 she
spent 9 months in Boulder, as
the first female research
associate at JILA.
Ithaca AAS meeting:
Goldberg talk: “coronal Fe/Si = photosphere” (Fe XV, Fe XVI)
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
24. 1965-1966
1965 - Wilson (Head of Culham's
Spectroscopy Division), offered
her a post through a UKAEA
grant to UCL. But Garstang had
offered a postdoc position at
JILA (Boulder), supported by his
US Army grant. Her Culham post
was held open while in 1966 she
spent 9 months in Boulder, as
the first female research
associate at JILA.
Ithaca AAS meeting:
Goldberg talk: “coronal Fe/Si = photosphere” (Fe XV, Fe XVI)
CJ: “Fe/Si ~ 10x photosphere” (new lines Fe X, Fe XI)
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
25. 1965-1966
1965 - Wilson (Head of Culham's
Spectroscopy Division), offered
her a post through a UKAEA
grant to UCL. But Garstang had
offered a postdoc position at
JILA (Boulder), supported by his
US Army grant. Her Culham post
was held open while in 1966 she
spent 9 months in Boulder, as
the first female research
associate at JILA.
Ithaca AAS meeting:
Goldberg talk: “coronal Fe/Si = photosphere” (Fe XV, Fe XVI)
CJ: “Fe/Si ~ 10x photosphere” (new lines Fe X, Fe XI)
Goldberg: “Gee, I hope my parachute opens”
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
26. 1965-1966
1965 - Wilson (Head of Culham's
Spectroscopy Division), offered
her a post through a UKAEA
grant to UCL. But Garstang had
offered a postdoc position at
JILA (Boulder), supported by his
US Army grant. Her Culham post
was held open while in 1966 she
spent 9 months in Boulder, as
the first female research
associate at JILA.
Ithaca AAS meeting:
Goldberg talk: “coronal Fe/Si = photosphere” (Fe XV, Fe XVI)
CJ: “Fe/Si ~ 10x photosphere” (new lines Fe X, Fe XI)
Goldberg: “Gee, I hope my parachute opens”
modern phot. Fe/Si=CJ corona (Fe gf values 1972-4)
aside: corona is “well-mixed” Woolley+Allen 1948
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
27. CJ’s late 1960s
At JILA she extended ionisation-balance calculations (slide
rule+computer) in 1966, later published in 1969:
- DR from Burgess general formula
- reduction in DR at high densities, from his work on low
ions
Assist. Lect., Dept. Astron. UCL, seconded to Culham 1966–69.
“Disappointed” by the offer of a postdoc at Culham, not an
established post. Wilson later apologized, he was then “still
not sure” that she wanted a long-term scientific career.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
28. He-like lines and
satellites 1968-73
Pioneer in identification/diagnostic use of He-like and Li-like
satellite lines in lab and solar X-ray spectra (with Gabriel).
CJ was first to propose that a strong feature longward of
He I-like E1 intersystem line 1s 2 1S - 1s2p 3P
0 1
is the forbidden M1 transition 1s2 1S0 - 1s2s 3S1
CJ and Gabriel developed the now-widely-used spectral
diagnostic techniques for n, T
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
30. satellite lines
Edlen’s lab spectra showed only the satellite lines from
excitations of Li I-like inner shells, no DR lines
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
31. satellite lines
Edlen’s lab spectra showed only the satellite lines from
excitations of Li I-like inner shells, no DR lines
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
38. Eclipse 1970: “the right
stuff”
International Consortium
Culham ARU
Harvard College Observatory
Imperial College London
York University, Toronto
Mission to fly a rocket into the shadow path of the 1970 total eclipse-
Gabriel et al. 1971, ApJ, 169, 595
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
46. Eclipse 1970:
think about it
CJ identified 20/28 coronal lines observed between
1190-2190 Angstroms during the 1970 eclipse, and
has continued to help to “fill in the gaps” of our
knowledge of the solar spectrum.
This can probably happen no more, the work is done.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
47. 1969-20?? Helium
Hearn 1969 MNRAS. Emission coefficients for helium EUV lines
CJ: used solar emd and Hearn's calculations to predict helium line
intensities- found to be too low. With Hearn made non-eqm wind outflow
calculations- but these did not help.
CJ proposed that any process that subjected He I and He II to electrons
with energies higher than expected in ionization equilibrium would
enhance the lines, owing to the larger sensitivity of the E/kT term in the
collisional excitation rates (Δn ≧ 1 transitions).
CJ’s seminal papers:
Jordan, C., 1975, MNRAS 170, 429
Jordan, C., 1980; Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A297, 541
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
48. 1969-20?? Helium
Hearn 1969 MNRAS. Emission coefficients for helium EUV lines
CJ: used solar emd and Hearn's calculations to predict helium line
intensities- found to be too low. With Hearn made non-eqm wind outflow
calculations- but these did not help.
CJ proposed that any process that subjected He I and He II to electrons
with energies higher than expected in ionization equilibrium would
enhance the lines, owing to the larger sensitivity of the E/kT term in the
collisional excitation rates (Δn ≧ 1 transitions).
CJ’s seminal papers:
Jordan, C., 1975, MNRAS 170, 429
Jordan, C., 1980; Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A297, 541
It’s the stuff that does not fit that leads to progress...
and these lines power the earth’s thermosphere/ionosphere.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
49. CJ’s 1970-1976
Astrophysics Research Unit, Culham Laboratory, director R. Wilson:
Post-doctoral research assistant, 1969–71
Senior Scientific Officer, 1971–73 (Scientific Civil Service)
Principal Scientific Officer, 1973–76
Wilson became UCL Perren Professor in 1972. The ARU, funded by SRC,
came under pressure to become more of a 'service', not independent,
research group. Plans were afoot to move the ARU from Culham.
She had some teaching experience in WEA (Workers Education
Association), and at USAF base Upper Heyford: the American service
people were "absolutely delightful".
1976: Jo Peach (Chemistry Fellow at Somerville College, wife of
astronomer John Peach) told her about a new Tutorial Fellowship in
Physics at Somerville)...
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
50. Solar gamma, X, and EUV radiation; IAU/
COSPAR Symposium, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
June 11-14, 1974.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
55. CJ, meetings, debates
Structure of the quiet chromosphere and corona. Gabriel, A. H., in "The
energy balance and hydrodynamics of the solar chromosphere and
corona", Proc IAU 36, Sep 6-10 1976. Discussion p. 400 - 418.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
56. CJ, meetings, debates
Structure of the quiet chromosphere and corona. Gabriel, A. H., in "The
energy balance and hydrodynamics of the solar chromosphere and
corona", Proc IAU 36, Sep 6-10 1976. Discussion p. 400 - 418.
R. G. Athay
".. the question of the inversion of the intensity integral...when
radiation losses dominate we expect temperature plateaus"
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
57. CJ, meetings, debates
Structure of the quiet chromosphere and corona. Gabriel, A. H., in "The
energy balance and hydrodynamics of the solar chromosphere and
corona", Proc IAU 36, Sep 6-10 1976. Discussion p. 400 - 418.
R. G. Athay
".. the question of the inversion of the intensity integral...when
radiation losses dominate we expect temperature plateaus"
C. Jordan
"Analyses of emission measures, which I have carried out, based on
normal incidence spectra for both the disc and center-limb ratios give
reliable models in the temperature range 30,000-100,000 K. These
models have been published and leave little room for temperature
plateaus of significant width".
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
58. serious refereeing
Carole has contributed to the health of (astro-) physics worldwide as an
outstanding, critical and fair referee of programs, proposals, papers, etc.
She (always?) identifies herself to the authors of papers- a role model
... though it is not always easy to see it that way.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
59. serious refereeing
Carole has contributed to the health of (astro-) physics worldwide as an
outstanding, critical and fair referee of programs, proposals, papers, etc.
She (always?) identifies herself to the authors of papers- a role model
... though it is not always easy to see it that way.
Carole “the refer-ator” Jordan
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
60. serious refereeing
Carole has contributed to the health of (astro-) physics worldwide as an
outstanding, critical and fair referee of programs, proposals, papers, etc.
She (always?) identifies herself to the authors of papers- a role model
... though it is not always easy to see it that way.
Carole “the refer-ator” Jordan
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
61. serious refereeing
Carole has contributed to the health of (astro-) physics worldwide as an
outstanding, critical and fair referee of programs, proposals, papers, etc.
She (always?) identifies herself to the authors of papers- a role model
... though it is not always easy to see it that way.
Carole “the refer-ator” Jordan
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
64. 1976, a pivotal time: CJ
-> Oxford
Never mind the
“cold war”, this is
the “cod war”
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
65. 1976-today
CJ and Oxford
Wolfson Tutorial Fellow in Natural Science, Somerville College 1976-2008
Emeritus Fellow 2008-
Reader in physics, 1994–96
Professor of physics 1996-2008
Head of the Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, 2005–2008
Teaching:
tutorials/classes physics (12 hr/week to 1994, then 6 hr/week)
Finals examiner
lecturer (stat. mech., atomic physics, astroph. plasma spectroscopy,...)
undergraduate research supervision
graduate (D.Phil) research supervision
Graduate lectures and classes...
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
66. 1976-today
CJ and Oxford
Wolfson Tutorial Fellow in Natural Science, Somerville College 1976-2008
Emeritus Fellow 2008-
Reader in physics, 1994–96
Professor of physics 1996-2008
Head of the Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, 2005–2008
Teaching:
tutorials/classes physics (12 hr/week to 1994, then 6 hr/week)
Finals examiner
lecturer (stat. mech., atomic physics, astroph. plasma spectroscopy,...)
undergraduate research supervision
graduate (D.Phil) research supervision moral tutor
Graduate lectures and classes...
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
67. Post-graduate students,
postdocs
D.Phil. students (year awarded)
John Adam 1974 (UCL)
Rashpal Gill 1982
Blanca Mendoza 1984
Philip Judge 1985
Graham Harper 1988
Mark Munday 1990
Stefan Weber 1993
Andy Rowe 1996
Debbie Philippides 1996
Neil Griffiths 1996
Andrew McMurry 1997
Tetsuo Amaya 1999
Graeme Smith 2000
Stuart Sim 2002
Rachel Koncewicz
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
68. Post-graduate students,
postdocs
D.Phil. students (year awarded) PDRAs
John Adam 1974 (UCL) Alex Brown 1978 - 1981
Rashpal Gill 1982 Rashpal Gill 1982
Blanca Mendoza 1984 Nick Veck 1980 - 1983
Philip Judge 1985 Paul Kuin 1982 - 1984
Graham Harper 1988 Philip Judge 1985 -1988
Mark Munday 1990 Benjamin Montesinos 1987 - 1989
Stefan Weber 1993 Graham Harper 1988 - 1990
Andy Rowe 1996 J.L. Fernandez 1990 - 1991
Debbie Philippides 1996 Fukuo Nagai 1984-1985 SERC visiting fellow
Neil Griffiths 1996 Vincent Macaulay 1992 - 1993
Andrew McMurry 1997 Stefan Weber 1993
Tetsuo Amaya 1999 Hong-Chou Pan 1993 - 1995
Graeme Smith 2000 Keith McPherson 1996 - 1998
Stuart Sim 2002 Eric Houdebine 2001 - 2003
Rachel Koncewicz Jan-Uwe Ness 2004 - 2006
Hilary Kay 2006 - 2007
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
69. 1976-today
selected activities
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
70. spectroscopy
NEW IDENTIFICATIONS:
! 1977 Jordan et al Lines of H2 in extreme-ultraviolet
solar spectra
1978 Bartoe et al CO UV emission
1980 Brown and Jordan S I emission in EUV
spectra of late-type stars
1983 Penston et al IUE and other new observations
of the slow nova RR Tel
1984 Johansson & Jordan Selective excitation of
Fe II in the laboratory
and late-type stellar atmospheres
1986 Jordan et al Identification of [Fe III] in
the solar ultraviolet spectrum
1987 Fawcett et al. New spectral line identifications
in high-temperature flares (7.7-10 Angstrom)
2011 Jordan The emission line near 1319 Angstrom
in solar and stellar spectra
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
71. spectroscopy
NEW IDENTIFICATIONS:
! 1977 Jordan et al Lines of H2 in extreme-ultraviolet
solar spectra
1978 Bartoe et al CO UV emission
1980 Brown and Jordan S I emission in EUV
spectra of late-type stars
1983 Penston et al IUE and other new observations
of the slow nova RR Tel
1984 Johansson & Jordan Selective excitation of
Fe II in the laboratory
and late-type stellar atmospheres
1986 Jordan et al Identification of [Fe III] in
the solar ultraviolet spectrum
1987 Fawcett et al. New spectral line identifications
in high-temperature flares (7.7-10 Angstrom)
2011 Jordan The emission line near 1319 Angstrom
in solar and stellar spectra
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
72. spectroscopy
NEW IDENTIFICATIONS:
! 1977 Jordan et al Lines of H2 in extreme-ultraviolet
solar spectra
1978 Bartoe et al CO UV emission
1980 Brown and Jordan S I emission in EUV
spectra of late-type stars
1983 Penston et al IUE and other new observations
of the slow nova RR Tel
1984 Johansson & Jordan Selective excitation of
Fe II in the laboratory
and late-type stellar atmospheres
1986 Jordan et al Identification of [Fe III] in
the solar ultraviolet spectrum
1987 Fawcett et al. New spectral line identifications
in high-temperature flares (7.7-10 Angstrom)
2011 Jordan The emission line near 1319 Angstrom
in solar and stellar spectra
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
73. spectroscopy
NEW IDENTIFICATIONS:
! 1977 Jordan et al Lines of H2 in extreme-ultraviolet
solar spectra
1978 Bartoe et al CO UV emission
1980 Brown and Jordan S I emission in EUV
spectra of late-type stars
1983 Penston et al IUE and other new observations
of the slow nova RR Tel
1984 Johansson & Jordan Selective excitation of
Fe II in the laboratory
and late-type stellar atmospheres
1986 Jordan et al Identification of [Fe III] in
the solar ultraviolet spectrum
1987 Fawcett et al. New spectral line identifications
in high-temperature flares (7.7-10 Angstrom)
2011 Jordan The emission line near 1319 Angstrom
in solar and stellar spectra
“..identified the emission lines concerned as forbidden (electric
quadrupole and magnetic dipole) transitions in Fe III, the first
detection of these particular transitions in any source”
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
74. 1975-20?? Helium
CJ’s seminal papers:
Jordan, C., 1975, The intensities of helium lines in the solar EUV spectrum
MNRAS 170, 429
Jordan, C., 1980; Helium Line Emission: Its Relation to Atmospheric Structure
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A297, 541
1997,1999 MacPherson & Jordan ...anomalous intensities of helium lines...
1999 MacPherson, Jordan & Smith Dynamical Behaviour Of Helium Lines
In The Quiet Solar Transition Region
2001 Jordan et al. The anomalous intensities of helium lines in a coronal hole
2002 Smith & Jordan !Enhancement of the helium resonance lines in the solar atmosphere
by suprathermal electron excitation - I. Non-thermal transport of helium ions
2003 Houdebine et al. New constraints on the formation of the helium lines
2005 Jordan, Smith & Houdebine !Photon scattering in the solar ultraviolet
lines of HeI and HeII
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
75. 1975-20?? Helium
CJ’s seminal papers:
Jordan, C., 1975, The intensities of helium lines in the solar EUV spectrum
MNRAS 170, 429
Jordan, C., 1980; Helium Line Emission: Its Relation to Atmospheric Structure
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A297, 541
1997,1999 MacPherson & Jordan ...anomalous intensities of helium lines...
1999 MacPherson, Jordan & Smith Dynamical Behaviour Of Helium Lines
In The Quiet Solar Transition Region
2001 Jordan et al. The anomalous intensities of helium lines in a coronal hole
2002 Smith & Jordan !Enhancement of the helium resonance lines in the solar atmosphere
by suprathermal electron excitation - I. Non-thermal transport of helium ions
2003 Houdebine et al. New constraints on the formation of the helium lines
2005 Jordan, Smith & Houdebine !Photon scattering in the solar ultraviolet
lines of HeI and HeII
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
76. 1975-20?? Helium
CJ’s seminal papers:
Jordan, C., 1975, The intensities of helium lines in the solar EUV spectrum
MNRAS 170, 429
Jordan, C., 1980; Helium Line Emission: Its Relation to Atmospheric Structure
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A297, 541
1997,1999 MacPherson & Jordan ...anomalous intensities of helium lines...
1999 MacPherson, Jordan & Smith Dynamical Behaviour Of Helium Lines
In The Quiet Solar Transition Region
2001 Jordan et al. The anomalous intensities of helium lines in a coronal hole
2002 Smith & Jordan !Enhancement of the helium resonance lines in the solar atmosphere
by suprathermal electron excitation - I. Non-thermal transport of helium ions
2003 Houdebine et al. New constraints on the formation of the helium lines
2005 Jordan, Smith & Houdebine !Photon scattering in the solar ultraviolet
lines of HeI and HeII
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
77. Atmospheric structure,
energy balance
1971 Jordan and Wilson The Determination of Chromospheric-Coronal Structure from Solar XUV Observations
1971 Burton et al. The Structure of the Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region from Limb and Disk Intensities
1973 Burton et al. Further Observations of the Structure of the Chromosphere-corona Transition Region
from Limb and Disk Intensities
1975 Jordan IAU The structure of solar active regions from EUV and soft X-ray observations
1975 Evans, Jordan Wilson Observations of chromospheric and coronal emission lines in F stars (Copernicus)
1975 Gabriel & Jordan Analysis of EUV observations of regions of the quiet and active corona at the time of the
1970 March 7 eclipse
1976 Jordan ! The structure and energy balance of solar active regions RSPTA
1980 Jordan A+A The energy balance of the solar transition region
1981 Brown & Jordan The chromosphere and corona of Procyon /alpha CMi, F5 IV-V
1981 Jordan SSRV The active sun
1981 Jordan and Brown "Energy balance in solar and stellar coronae" (Bonas)
1984 Brown, Ferraz, Jordan The chromosphere and corona of T Tauri Brown, Ferraz, Jordan
1984 Brown et al High-resolution, far-ultraviolet study of Beta Draconis (G2 Ib-II) -
Transition region structure and energy balance
1984 Jordan, Mendoza, Gill Observational constraints on heating processes
1985 Jordan Derivation of atmospheric structure from emission line fluxes
1986 Jordan et al The outer atmosphere of Procyon (Alpha CMi F5IV-V) - Evidence of supergranulation or active regions
1986 Jordan Wave-driven winds from cool stars - Progress and problems
1987 Jordan et al The chromospheres and coronae of five G-K main-sequence stars
1988 Jordan & Kuin The outer atmospheres and winds of T Tau and RU LUPI
1992 Jordan Modelling of solar coronal loops, Mem. S. Astr. It. 63, 605-620
1996 Jordan The Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region in Late-Type Stars
2005 Sim & Jordan Modelling the chromosphere and transition region of ɛ Eri (K2 V)
2008 Ness & Jordan The corona and upper transition region of ɛEridani
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
78. Atmospheric structure,
energy balance:
quintessence
1992 Jordan Modelling of solar coronal loops, Mem.
S. Astr. It. 63, 605-620
"This review concentrates on what is known about
the observable parameters, and how these are
related to the theoretical energy balance equation"
-clarifies the physics behind “scaling laws”
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
80. etc
flares
1981 Culhane et al. X-ray spectra of solar flares obtained with a high-resolution bent crystal spectrometer
Ca XVIII XIX, Fe XXV, XXIV, XXVI
1982 Jordan & Veck Comparison of observed CA XIX and CA XVIII relative line intensities with current theory
1984 Veck et al 1984 The development and cooling of a solar limb-flare
1984 Antonucci et al Derivation of ionization balance for calcium XVIII/XIX using XRP solar X-ray data
1985 Nagai & Jordan Gas dynamics in the impulsive phase of solar flares.
1986 Smale et al X-ray and optical observations of a dMe flare star in the T Tauri field
1995 Pan & Jordan 1995 ROSAT observations of the flare star CC ERI
1997 Pan et al An exceptional X-ray flare on the dMe star EQ1839.6+8002
stellar chromospheres and winds
rotation and magnetism
red giants, hybrid giants
T Tauri stars
Novae
AGNs
...
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
81. Awards and distinctions
1990 Fellow of the Royal Society of London
1990 Fellow of University College London
1991 Honorary Doctor of the University of Surrey
1993 Member, Academia Europeae
2008 Honorary DSc Queens University Belfast
2011 Honorary Fellow of the Inst. of Physics.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
82. further awards and
distinctions
In 2000 Asteroid 8078 was named Carolejordan -
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
83. further awards and
distinctions
In 2000 Asteroid 8078 was named Carolejordan -
CJ is in the JPL "small body database"
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
84. further, further awards
and distinctions
2005 RAS Gold Medal (G) for "For contributions to solar
physics and their applications to stellar physics"
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
85. further, further awards
and distinctions
2005 RAS Gold Medal (G) for "For contributions to solar
physics and their applications to stellar physics"
(PGJ aside:
This medal was
produced under duress
from a filing cabinet).
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
87. further, further, further
awards and distinctions
Some Dames Commander of the British Empire (DBEs)
1917 The Baroness Byron
1942 Katharine Jones, Matron-in-Chief, Queen Alexandra's
Nursing Service
1956 Margot Fonteyn
1971 Agatha Christie
1987 Iris Murdoch
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
88. further, further, further
awards and distinctions
Some Dames Commander of the British Empire (DBEs)
1917 The Baroness Byron
1942 Katharine Jones, Matron-in-Chief, Queen Alexandra's
Nursing Service
1956 Margot Fonteyn
1971 Agatha Christie
1987 Iris Murdoch
2006 Carole Jordan for ''Contributions to Physics and
Astronomy''
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
89. further, further, further
awards and distinctions
Some Dames Commander of the British Empire (DBEs)
1917 The Baroness Byron
1942 Katharine Jones, Matron-in-Chief, Queen Alexandra's
Nursing Service
1956 Margot Fonteyn
1971 Agatha Christie
1987 Iris Murdoch
2006 Carole Jordan for ''Contributions to Physics and
Astronomy'' , Matron-in-Chief, Queen Elizabeth II's
Spectroscopic Service
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
92. Some of CJ’s traits I try to emulate
creativity
integrity
rigour
boldness
...and especially with (at least one of) her students...
generosity
humour
patience
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
93. Some of CJ’s traits I try to emulate
creativity
integrity
rigour
boldness
...and especially with (at least one of) her students...
generosity
humour
patience
For this and many other reasons,
thank you, Carole.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
94. sidenote: CW Allen and
Carole’s Academic Heritage
Woolley & Allen 1948:
- dominance of two-body collisions in the corona
- “well-mixed” corona near 1MK
Woolley & Allen 1950:
- first chromosphere-corona energy balance model including
conduction
- ambitious, but with realism.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
95. sidenote: CW Allen and
Carole’s Academic Heritage
Woolley & Allen 1948:
- dominance of two-body collisions in the corona
- “well-mixed” corona near 1MK
Woolley & Allen 1950:
- first chromosphere-corona energy balance model including
conduction
- ambitious, but with realism.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
96. sidenote: CW Allen and
Carole’s Academic Heritage
Woolley & Allen 1948:
- dominance of two-body collisions in the corona
- “well-mixed” corona near 1MK
Woolley & Allen 1950:
- first chromosphere-corona energy balance model including
conduction
- ambitious, but with realism.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011