The document discusses the Space Race between the US and USSR during the Cold War from 1957-1975. The two superpowers competed to achieve firsts in space exploration, such as launching satellites, sending humans into space, and landing on the Moon, which were seen as demonstrations of technological and ideological superiority. The Space Race began with the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 and concluded with the US landing astronauts on the Moon in 1969, achieving President Kennedy's goal. The Space Race had long-term effects on education in the US by inspiring greater emphasis on STEM subjects in schools.