this is my pdf file of the seminar which i have given in my undergraduate physics degree.
the topic was cosmic microwave background radiation. feel free to use it.
CA 10.01 Discovery of CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background)Stephen Kwong
Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in the 1960s. Found to be the relic radiation from the beginning of the Universe. One of the greatest discovery in science history so far.
This is a self-made presentation about The Big Bang Theory (NOT the TV show :P) to be given to a lecturer and students of University level. Intended for all those to download who may have presentations to give and can't find a good enough topic :). Everyone else is free to download it for other purposes as well!!
CA 10.01 Discovery of CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background)Stephen Kwong
Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in the 1960s. Found to be the relic radiation from the beginning of the Universe. One of the greatest discovery in science history so far.
This is a self-made presentation about The Big Bang Theory (NOT the TV show :P) to be given to a lecturer and students of University level. Intended for all those to download who may have presentations to give and can't find a good enough topic :). Everyone else is free to download it for other purposes as well!!
Though i am not an applied physics /B.S.C physics student ,Science has always been something of my interest :) Presentation during "International School on Astronomy and Space Science organized by Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology and B.P. Koirala Memorial Planetorium, Observatory and Science Museum Development Board "
NEW HOT-to-COOL COSMOLOGY: Amazing Progress Yet Greater QuestionsPaul H. Carr
Astronomy has progressed from astrology to precision, hot-to-cool, cosmology. Georges Lemaitre, using Einstein’s General Relativity, predicted in 1930s that our universe expanded from a primeval atom in a hot big bang. In 1964, radio astronomers detected the whispering cosmic microwave background radiation from this hot cosmic explosion. Since 1993, an increasing number of satellites have measured that this Planck black-body radiation has cooled, as it expanded, to a very cool 2.725 K. It also has fluctuations of one part in 100,000.
Alan Guth’ inflationary universe theory predicted this as arising from quantum fluctuations at the “Beginning.”
Though i am not an applied physics /B.S.C physics student ,Science has always been something of my interest :) Presentation during "International School on Astronomy and Space Science organized by Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology and B.P. Koirala Memorial Planetorium, Observatory and Science Museum Development Board "
NEW HOT-to-COOL COSMOLOGY: Amazing Progress Yet Greater QuestionsPaul H. Carr
Astronomy has progressed from astrology to precision, hot-to-cool, cosmology. Georges Lemaitre, using Einstein’s General Relativity, predicted in 1930s that our universe expanded from a primeval atom in a hot big bang. In 1964, radio astronomers detected the whispering cosmic microwave background radiation from this hot cosmic explosion. Since 1993, an increasing number of satellites have measured that this Planck black-body radiation has cooled, as it expanded, to a very cool 2.725 K. It also has fluctuations of one part in 100,000.
Alan Guth’ inflationary universe theory predicted this as arising from quantum fluctuations at the “Beginning.”
Electromagnetic spectrum in Astronomy.pptxmaryammaher2
This is a presentation about a graduation project. It's includes a short intro about electromagnetic spectrum and what is it in Astronomy, the Telescopes used to measure the Radiations coming from outer Space in every region of the EM spectrum.
A series of satellite projects to secure more and better images of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) since 1980. Age of universe estimated to be 13.73 billion years.
GIS,Electron,Electromagnetic energy,radiation,Orbit,Types of OrbitThomas Ayalew
hI what can I prefer is to share my knowledge with who are positive person of the knowledge as well in return I have learn new knowledge from them to help my poor community so please let us work together!
Session 8: A Celebration of the Spitzer Space Telescope - 5 Years and Counting
19 November 2008, Pasadena, California
http://www.astronautical.org/conference/conference-2008
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
3. Introduction
When you look at night sky using an optical telescope you’ll
see stars, galaxies using more powerful telescope you can see
more distant stars, nebulae, galaxies but mostly dark void as
if nothing is there.
But when using a radio telescope you’ll observe a certain
kind of noise, glow in that void region which permeates
through out the entire universe this glow is known as CMBR.
It is the oldest EMW in the universe.
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This Pho by Unknown Author is licensed under CC B
5. Recombination
In cosmology, recombination refers to the epoch
during which charged electrons and protons first
became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen
atoms.
So according to the big bang model, in the beginning
the universe was extremely hot and dense as a result
the electron and proton couldn’t combine and form a
stable atom. The photon couldn’t travel further as it
collides with any electron and proton which scatter it
back hence the universe was opaque.
But as the universe cools down the recombination
between electrons and protons takes place and forms
the first ever stable atoms. Which leads the photon to
travel freely and hence universe became transparent
and CMBR forms.
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Before Recombination
After Recombination
Hydrogen Atom
Electron
Proton
Photon Scattering
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This Pho by Unknown Author is licensed
under CC BY-NC-N
At t = 380,000year the universe cooled to 4000K,cool enough to form atoms.
In the early time the CMBR was very hot in temperature and had high frequency. But as
the universe continued to expand its temperature decreased and wavelength increased.
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Sample Footer Text 7
Electromagnetic Spectrum
It is the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their
respective wavelengths and photon energies.
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As the cosmos continued to cool, the photons that had been in the visible part of the spectrum in the
early period lost energy to the expanding universe and eventually slid down the spectrum, morphing
into infrared photons. Further the expansion continued and that infrared photons now lies in the
microwave region of EM spectrum, which is where we derive the name “cosmic microwave
background radiation”, or CMB for short.
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Robert Woodrow Wilson Anro Allan penzias Ralph Asher Alpher
American cosmologist Ralph Apher first predicted the CMB in 1948, when he was doing research
related to Big Bang. But the CMB was first found by accident. In 1965, two researchers with Bell
Telephone Laboratories (Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson) were creating a radio receiver and were
puzzled by the noise it was picking up. They soon realized the noise came uniformly from all over the
sky.
At the same time, a team at Princeton University (led by Robert Dicke) was trying to find the CMB.
Dicke's team got wind of the Bell experiment and realized the CMB had been found.
Both teams quickly published papers in the Astrophysical Journal in 1965, with Penzias and Wilson
talking about what they saw, and Dicke's team explaining what it means in the context of the universe.
(Later, Penzias and Wilson both received the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics).
11. Developments in
mapping the CMBR
Further advancement in science and technology leads to better understanding of CMBR.
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After its discovery there were many attempts on mapping of the CMBR as a outcome only a
portion of CMB was mapped. But as the technologies had advancement further level of mapping
were donned.
There are mainly 3 missions launched to map CMBR:
1) COBE(Cosmic background explorer) which launched in 1989 .
2) WMAP(Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) which launched in June 2001.
3) Plank space telescope which was launched in 2009.
1.COBE 2.WMAP 3.PLANK SPACE TELESCOPE
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• Here we can see the different maps observed by different satellites, t
latest and most clear map that we have is taken by plank satellite.
• It clearly shows the temperature variations/fluctuations present in the
CMBR.
• Hence CMBR is anisotropic means it has a kind of patterns of low
density and high-density regions.
WMAP PLANK
15. Summary
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