This document provides information on the plant profile, uses, soil and climate requirements, varieties, inputs, cultivation practices, plant protection measures, harvesting, and yield of scented geranium. Scented geranium is a perennial aromatic plant cultivated for its essential oil, which is used in cosmetics and perfumery. It thrives in well-drained soil and a mild climate, and is propagated through cuttings. With proper care, scented geranium can be harvested up to three times per year, yielding approximately 15 tonnes of fresh herbage and 18 kg of essential oil per hectare annually.
Pract no. 9 (b) floral biology of mangotusharamodugu
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L.
Common Names: Mamidi, Am
Chromosome number : 2n = 2x = 40
The origin of mango is Indo – Burma region.
In India Mango is acclaimed as “King of fruits”.
Floral Biology :
Inflorescence :
Inflorescence is a large and terminal panicle.
The branching of the inflorescence is usually tertiary, rarely quaternary, but the ultimate branching is always cymose.
The mango inflorescence or panicle bears mainly two types of flowers – male and hermaphrodite.
The panicle bear 500-6000 flowers of which 1-70% are bisexual, remaining are male depending on the cultivar and temperature during its development. The percentage of perfect flowers varies between 0.74 per cent in Rumani, 16.41 to 55.7 per cent in Neelum and up to 69.8 per cent in Langra.
Pract no. 9 (b) floral biology of mangotusharamodugu
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L.
Common Names: Mamidi, Am
Chromosome number : 2n = 2x = 40
The origin of mango is Indo – Burma region.
In India Mango is acclaimed as “King of fruits”.
Floral Biology :
Inflorescence :
Inflorescence is a large and terminal panicle.
The branching of the inflorescence is usually tertiary, rarely quaternary, but the ultimate branching is always cymose.
The mango inflorescence or panicle bears mainly two types of flowers – male and hermaphrodite.
The panicle bear 500-6000 flowers of which 1-70% are bisexual, remaining are male depending on the cultivar and temperature during its development. The percentage of perfect flowers varies between 0.74 per cent in Rumani, 16.41 to 55.7 per cent in Neelum and up to 69.8 per cent in Langra.
A PRESENTATION ON PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TUBEROSEujjwalkumar353
Tuberose is an important commercial cut as well as loose flower crop due to pleasant fragrance, longer vase-life of spikes, higher returns and wide adaptability to varied climate and soil
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Carnations are great for cut flowers Due to its excellent keeping quality, a wide range varieties selection, and Carnations can withstand long-distance during transport qualities farmer attract towards Carnation cultivation
They are especially the demand for Valentine’s day, Easter, Mother’s day and Christmas. India has the excellent prospect of developing good quality carnation. Places having cold climate such as Shimla, Kulu, Manali, Kalimpong, Ooty, Kodaikanal, Bangalore, Pune, Nasik, etc. are most appropriate places for the production of Carnation cut flowers.
CHILLI Cultivation Practices and Improved Variety, biotic and abiotic stres...ayushtiwari125861
This Slide teaches you about the cultivation practices of Chilli Crop.
Use full for your Exam, presentation work, etc.
This slide includes:
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The detail cultivation of chrysanthemum is explained in this ppt useful for the agriculture as well as horticulture students.
especially the course of HORT-354 Production technology for ornamental crops, MAP and landscaping.
The points useful for the chrysanthemum cultivation study is discuss in this ppt
CROP IMPROVEMENT OF TREE SPICES
Spices are an essential component of human life. Seeds, roots, fruit barks, and other plant substances are used as seasoning. Spices are used to flavor and color food. Spices are widely used in Ayurvedic medicine. Spices are also high in antioxidants, heart protection, fitness regeneration, anti-inflammation, and have a variety of health benefits.
SELF INCOMPATIBILITY IN VEGETABLES
Mode of pollination is very important in plant breeding because it determines the genetic constitution, nature of gene action, ease in pollination control and stability of varieties after release. There are several mechanisms that promote cross pollination, among these self-incompatibility. Self incompatibility is defined as the prevention of fusion of fertile (functional) male and female gametes of the same plant (Gowers, 1989). Self incompatibility is a system where self-recognition and rejection is the rule that prevents inbreeding depression.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Production technology of Geranium
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Plant Profile
Family : Geraniaceae
English name : Scented Geranium
Indian name : Geranium (Hindi)
Pannir soppu, Pannir patre (Kannada)
Geranium (Tamil)
Species : Pelargonium graveolens L. Herit
P. radula, P. fragrance
Algerian or Tunisian, Reunion or Bourbon
Varieties : KKL-1, Sel-8, Hemanti, Bipuli, Kunti
Uses
Cosmetics, Perfumery
• Geranium is one of the important aromatic plants, yielding an essential oil which
is highly priced for its very profound and strong rose like odour.
• The chief constituent of the oil are geraniol and citronellol
• The pure geranium oil is almost a perfume by itself and blends well with all other
perfumes.
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SOIL
• Geranium thrives in well drained soils. The soils which are either saline or
alkaline with poor drainage are unsuitable for its cultivation.
CLIMATE
• The crop flourishes in mild climate with low humidity, warm winter and mild
summers having annual rainfall ranging 100 to 150 cm.
• It is found growing successfully from an altitude of 1000 to 2100 m.
VARIETIES
Algerian and Reunion are the varieties suitable for heavy and less rainfall areas.
INPUTS
Sl.No. Materials Per acre Per hectare
1. No. of cuttings 10000 25000
2. Farm Yard Manure (t) 4 10
3. Fertilizers (kg) N
P2O5K
2O
80
14
14
200
35
35
Note: Nitrogen is applied in 6 equal split doses. The first dose is given as a basal dose
and thereafter at bio-monthly intervals.
CULTIVATION
• As there is no seed setting in this crop, it is propagated vegetatively by cuttings.
• To propagate geranium, terminal cuttings of 20 cm length consisting of about 8
nodes are taken from healthy plants. Except for the first 3-4 leaves from the top
the rest are trimmed. A slant cut is made with a sharp knife just below 6th to 7th
node and dipped in 0.1%, Benlate solution for 10 to 20 seconds.
• They are then planted in the nursery beds at 5 cm spacing. Beds are provided with
proper shade and watered twice daily for about 3-4 days and once in a day,
subsequently. November to January months are best suited for raising the nursery.
• The cuttings will be ready for transplanting in about 2 months from planting.
Under mist conditions however, the rooting of cuttings can be accomplished
within about 20 days time.
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• For transplanting, the rooted cuttings are carefully dug out from the nursery,
dipped in 0.1% Benlate solution and transplanted immediately at 60 x 60 cms
spacing.
PLANT PROTECTION
Major Insects : Termites
Major Diseases : Wilt
Schedule
1. To control the without break the following measures are effective.
a) Spray the crop with 0.2% Benlate solution two weeks before the harvest. After
the harvest, treat the cut ends with the fungicide and repeat the spray after two
weeks.
b) Minimum irrigation and proper hoeing ensures healthy growth. Over watering
increases the incidence the incidence of wilt.
c) Sharp sickles are used for harvesting to avoid jerks and pulls. Any damage to
the stem near the ground may pave the way for infection.
2. Termites can be easily controlled by mixing into the soil 25 kg Heptachlor per
hectare and irrigating the area.
HARVESTING AND YIELD
• The crop is ready for harvest after about 4 months of transplanting. When the
leaves begin to turn light green and exhibit a change from lemon like odour to that
of rose.
• The green leafy shoots are harvested with a sharp sickle and taken for distillation
immediately. The crop is perennial and can give good harvests for about 3-6
years. A total of three harvests in a year can be obtained.
• The yield of fresh herbage per hectare per year from all the three harvests may be
about 15 tonnes per hectare which on distillation may yield about 18 kg of oil.
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