This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL Arvind Yadav
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL .BRINJAL
Botanical name : Solanum melongena
Family : Solanaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 24
Origin : India
Common name : Eggplant, Aubergine.
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold .African marigold(Tagetes erecta) .CN- 2n=24 .Family-Composity/Asteraceae . Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula) .CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows 1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold) 2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ) . Other important species 1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm) 2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height) 3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows 1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold) 2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ) . Other important species 1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm) 2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height) 3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Establishment and maintenance of lawn is skilled and technical, for establishing good lawn handy hints are provided, such as selection of grasses, planting, maintenance, weeding, irrigation, lawn protection etc., are covered
Pulses are a very important source of protein in Indian diets as majority of population is vegetarian. however, the production of pulses is not keeping pace with the growing population in the country. lentil is one of the important Rabi pulses. it is one of the oldest pulse crops and the most nutritious of the pulses. it is also used as a cover crop to check the soil erosion in problem areas. lentil contributes about 6% in total pulses area as well as production of India. It is mostly eaten as "DAL". the pulse is first converted into split pulse or 'dal' by the removal of skin and the separation of the fleshy cotyledons. It is cooked easily and hence preferred. It is good for patients too. Lentil contains about 11% water, 25% protein and 60% carbohydrates. It is also rich in calcium, iron and niacin
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL Arvind Yadav
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL .BRINJAL
Botanical name : Solanum melongena
Family : Solanaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 24
Origin : India
Common name : Eggplant, Aubergine.
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold .African marigold(Tagetes erecta) .CN- 2n=24 .Family-Composity/Asteraceae . Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula) .CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows 1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold) 2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ) . Other important species 1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm) 2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height) 3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows 1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold) 2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ) . Other important species 1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm) 2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height) 3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Establishment and maintenance of lawn is skilled and technical, for establishing good lawn handy hints are provided, such as selection of grasses, planting, maintenance, weeding, irrigation, lawn protection etc., are covered
Pulses are a very important source of protein in Indian diets as majority of population is vegetarian. however, the production of pulses is not keeping pace with the growing population in the country. lentil is one of the important Rabi pulses. it is one of the oldest pulse crops and the most nutritious of the pulses. it is also used as a cover crop to check the soil erosion in problem areas. lentil contributes about 6% in total pulses area as well as production of India. It is mostly eaten as "DAL". the pulse is first converted into split pulse or 'dal' by the removal of skin and the separation of the fleshy cotyledons. It is cooked easily and hence preferred. It is good for patients too. Lentil contains about 11% water, 25% protein and 60% carbohydrates. It is also rich in calcium, iron and niacin
The slide presents introduction to computer aided design and drafting, and introduction to AutoCAD software. 2D and 3D modelling using AutoCAD software is presented.
Hello friends
In this presentation I have covered all the basic commands of auto cad in detail. Not only command but how to use that command in detail is given in this presentation. For beginners on auto cad it will be more beneficial to clear all the doubt about auto cad basics command and its uses. so you will be getting the clear cut idea of history of auto cad and its uses and application on field and the life without autocad.
Thank you
What actually is Auto CAD?
The Auto CAD stands for “Automatic Computer Aided Design”. The Auto CAD is a 2 Dimensional and 3 Dimensional computer-driven drafting software application. It is widely used in construction, designing, architecture, and manufacturing to for the creation of blueprints and other engineering plans. You can also visit autocad courses for civil engineers by LiveTrainingLab.
https://livetraininglab.pk/courses/autocad-training/
Unit 1 INTRODUCTION (COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING )ravis205084
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Product cycle- Design process- sequential and concurrent engineering- Computer aided design –
CAD system architecture- Computer graphics – co-ordinate systems- 2D and 3D transformationshomogeneous
coordinates
- Line drawing -Clipping- viewing transformation-Brief introduction to CAD
and CAM – Manufacturing Planning, Manufacturing control- Introduction to CAD/CAM –CAD/CAM
concepts ––Types of production - Manufacturing models and Metrics – Mathematical models of
Production Performance
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• Photo realistic rendering and Motion Simulation.
• Document management and revision control using Product Data Management (PDM).
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1. Name : Tinku Nagar
Roll No. : 211213
Department of Horticulture
School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
( A Cental University )
Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P.
( 226025)
Seminar
on
Application of Computer Aided Design
system for Landscape Gardening
2. Content
S. NO. Topic
1 Introduction
2. History
3. Need of CAD in landscape
4. Component of CAD system
5. Steps of CAD system
6. Function & limitation of CAD software
7. Advantages & disadvantages of CAD system
8. Conclusion
9. Referance
3. Introduction
• The concept of computer aided designing for
landscape gardening is comparatively new. It can
be simply defined as design and drafting of a
landscape garden with the aid of computer.
• A CAD system consists of IT hardware (H/W),
specialised software (S/W) and peripherals, which
in certain applications are quite specialised.
• Computer aided designing is an important
industrial art extensively used in industry and 2D
or 3D landscape architecture designing.
4. History
• In 1960, This technique was initiated by Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Ivan Sutherland and created
SKETCHPAD, which demonstrated the basic principles
and feasibility of computer technical drawing.
• The first system were very expensive, the computer
graphics technology was not so advanced at that time and
using the system required specilised H/W and S/W which
was provided mainly by the CAD vendors.
• In 1980, AUTODESK was the first vendor to offer a PC
based CAD system, the AUTOCAD.
• The first application of CAD were for only 2D modeling.
5. Need of Computer aided design in landscape
• The technique was aiming at automating a
number of tasks a designer is performing and in
particular the modelling and designing of gardens
and infrastructure.
• CAD systems can shorten the design significantly.
• Traditional drafting is repetitious and can be
inaccurate, while, CAD provide accurate and
efficient drafting with repetitive option which is
prime need for a landscaper.
• In order to complete the design in less time and
with the least mistakes.
7. Major steps in designing landscape gardening
through CAD system
1. Selection of site and it’s analysis.
2. Determining needs.( Hedge, shrub ,trees etc.)
3. Creating functional diagrams.
4. Developing design plan.
5. Drawing of final design.( In 2D or 3D model)
The first three steps establish the aesthetic,
functional, and horticultural requirements for the
design. The last two steps then apply the
requirements for the creation of the final landscape
plan.
8. Functions and limitation of CAD software
1. AutoCAD software
Function :
• 2D or 3D view of the design.
• Cross-platform.
• Import 3D models.
• 3D Navigation providing functionalities to view the
environment in different angles and by adding multiple
camera.
• Export 2D or 3D plan.
• Proper documentation and Community support.
Limitation :
• High cost.
• No cost estimation.
9.
10. 2. Floor planner software
Function :
• Provides a 2D view to design.
• The design can be viewed in 3D.
• Freedom to navigate around the 3D
environment.
• Library of 2D textures and 3D models.
• Can draw for scaling. Running on the web
browser.
• User-friendly
11. Limitation :
• Cannot import symbols or 2D textures.
• Cannot modify the 3D terrain/floor.
• Lack of cost estimation feature.
12.
13. 3. Garden Planner
Function :
• Over 800 pre-designed elements.
• User-friendly and environment transformation.
• Drag & drop elements.
• Elements scaling.
• Each element can be exported to an image.
• List of elements used with its dimensions.
Limitation :
• No situation awareness mechanism.
• No 3D elements library.
• Lack of 3D environment.
14.
15. Advantages of CAD system
• Drawing errors can be corrected easily.
• Drawings can be sent and received elsewhere quickly via e-tools.
• Drawing can be zoomed, copied and pasted for more detailed
sections.
• Reuse of designs.
• Can be stored in personal computer.
• Reducing timescales and mistakes.
• It provides a 3D sketch of the layout before its final
implementation.
• It provides rotation of images to view them from different
perspectives.
• Switch between 2D and 3D view is possible.
• It is cost effective than manual drafting on paper.
16. Disadvantages of CAD system
• It can be very expensive.
• It can be hard to do and handling needs
training.
• Sometimes can’t do everything you want to
because the tools are not available.
• Sharing of drawings via computer hacking.
17. Conclusion
• CAD software makes use of some of the best
tools, the percentage of error is significantly
reduced.
• Computer aided design software saves time
and more efficient designs can be made in
shorter time duration.
• The CAD tools make it easier to save the files
and store it in a way that one can use it time
and again and send it without any unwanted
hassles too.
18. Referance :
1. Raj, D. 2015. Floriculture at a glance, pp 339-348. 4th
edition. Kalayani publication, Ludhiyana.
2. Singh A.K. and Sisodiya A. 2017. Textbook of
floriculture & landscaping, pp 20-29. 2nd edition. NIPA
publication, New delhi.
3. Tiwari A. , Singh A.K. & Pal S. 2016. Computer aided
design for landscape gardening. Indian Journal of
Research. pp 386-388.
