This document discusses the taxonomy, objectives of breeding, floral morphology, and hybridization technique in Sapota. It aims to develop dwarf trees, early and synchronized flowering, high yields, less seeded fruits with less latex, thick skins and sandy flesh. The flowers are solitary, white petaled bells with 12 stamens. Peak stigma receptivity is 8-10 am for 2 days before and after opening. Successful hybrids include CO-1, CO-3, PKM-2, PKM-3, DSH-1, and DSH-2.

1. ASSIGNMENT
ON
Blossom biology and Hybridization technique in Sapota

2. TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF
SAPOTA
B.N:-Achras sapota
Family:-Sapotaceae
2n:-2x=26
O.P:-Tropical America
Closest genus belong to same familyCommon Name Scientific Name
Black Sapota Diospyrous digyra
Green sapota Calocarpum viride
Mammey Sapota Pouteria sapota

3. OBJECTIVE OF BREEDING
Dwarf structure of tree.
Precocity in bearing.
Synchronized flowering.
High yield & good keeping quality.
Less seeded fruit with less latex.
Thick skinned, hard flesh with sandy and gritty texture low
Resistance against leaf spot

4. MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWER
• The flowers (about 1 cm in diameter) are solitary and pedunlous on short
pedicels (1-2 cm ) and are carried in the leaf axils of terminal leaf clusters.
• Calyx, consist of 6 sepals is arranged in 2 whorls of 3 sepals. Each slighted
connected at the base (gamopetalous).
• The outer sepals are brownish in colour.
• Corolla is consist of 6 pale white petals , which form a bell shaped tube.

5. (Fig:-stages of growth in Sapota flower)

6. ANTHER OF SAPOTA
• Androecium consist of 12 stamen
arranged in two whorls of 6 each (6
petaloid stamenoids and 9 stamens) on
the rim of the corolla tube (epipetalous).
• The filaments of stamens are short and
dorsified. Anther are small and pointed
towards tip and dithecus.

7. PISTILATE FLOWER
• Pistle is syncarpous and composed of 4-
5 fused carpels.
• There is one anthrocarpous ovule in
each locule, which is arranged in axile
placentation.
• The style is long green and stigma is
capitate.

8. FLORAL BIOLOGY OF SAPOTA
• Flower type:-protogyny
stigma grow out of the bud about 2 days before anthesis.
• Anthesis time:- 4-4.30 pm
• Dehiscence time:-8-10 pm
• Peak receptivity time:-8-10 am
• Stigma receptivity 2 days before opening and continues upto 12 hrs
after opening.
• Time taken fruit to maturity:-10-12 months(north india)
4-5 months(south india)

9. HYBRIDIZATION METHOD OF SAPOTA
1)Emasculation
Procedure:-making a in circular incision around the flower bud with a sharp knife or blade,
so that 2/3 of the upper floral cup is removed including a portion of calyx, corolla &
epipetalous stamen.
2)Bagging before 4-5 pm (stigma protrudes out of the bud)
3)Style left in position in remaining 1/3 of the floral cup.
4)Pollination:-done in early of the days which collect in previous day and collect in
Petridis.
5) Rebagging

10. ACHIVMENTS IN SAPOTA:-
• CO-1:-Cricket Ball x Oval
• CO-3:-Cricket ball x Vavivalasa
• PKM-2:-Guthi x Kirti Bharati
• PKM-3:- Guthi x Cricket Ball
• DSH-1:-Kalipatti x cricket ball
• DSH-2:-Kalipatti x cricket ball