PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION
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This document discusses process planning and cost estimation for manufacturing. It covers the stages of process planning like drawing interpretation, material selection, process and machine selection. It details the information that can be obtained from engineering drawings for process planning like material, dimensions, tolerances etc. It also explains factors considered for machine and tool selection like manufacturing process, part geometry, tool materials etc. The document provides information on process planning activities from design to cost estimation for production.
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The document discusses the key activities in process planning which include drawing interpretation, material evaluation and selection of manufacturing processes, selection of machines, tools and workholding devices, determining process parameters and cycle times, quality assurance methods, and cost estimation. It also provides details on each of these activities and factors considered for machine and tool selection during the process planning stage of product development.
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The document discusses the key activities involved in process planning, including drawing interpretation, material and process selection, selection of machines, tools and workholding devices, determining process parameters and quality assurance methods, cost estimation, documentation, and communicating the process plan. It provides details on each step, for example explaining that drawing interpretation provides critical information like materials, dimensions, tolerances. Process selection involves evaluating factors like the part geometry, required material properties, and manufacturability. Machine selection depends on economic and operational considerations. The document also discusses related topics like computer-aided process planning and factors that influence tooling selection.
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This document discusses the key concepts and stages of process planning. It covers the introduction to process planning and its activities like design, manufacturing process planning, and documentation. It also discusses cost estimation and machining time calculation. The document elaborates on various process planning methods including traditional and computer-aided process planning. It describes the important considerations and steps for selection of materials, machines, tools, and interpretation of engineering drawings for process planning.
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This document discusses the key concepts and stages of process planning including:
1. Process planning links the design and manufacturing stages by determining the manufacturing processes and sequence of operations.
2. Computer aided process planning (CAPP) systems help standardize and optimize the process planning function.
3. Material, machine, tool and process selection are important stages in process planning considering factors like properties, availability, capabilities and costs.
4. Drawings provide essential information for process planning like dimensions, materials, tolerances and surface finishes.
Process planning and cost estimation
The document discusses process planning and cost estimation for manufacturing. It covers topics like process planning activities, documentation, computer-aided process planning, material selection and evaluation, process and machine selection methods, tooling selection, and drawing interpretation. The key aspects of process planning include designing the product, planning the manufacturing processes, and linking design to manufacturing.
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This document provides an overview of process planning. It begins by defining process planning as selecting and sequencing processes to transform raw materials into finished components. This includes selecting manufacturing processes, equipment, tooling, and quality assurance methods. The document then discusses different types of process planning, including manual and computer-aided methods. It describes the key activities in process planning like drawing interpretation, material evaluation, process selection, and choosing production equipment and tooling.
PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION
This document discusses process planning and cost estimation. It covers topics such as process planning activities like drawing interpretation, material evaluation, process selection, and production equipment selection. It also discusses computer aided process planning approaches like retrieval and generative CAPP. For cost estimation, it covers importance of estimation, types of estimates, elements of estimation, estimating procedure, importance of costing, methods of costing, and calculation of costs.
Process Planning and Cost Estimation
This document discusses process planning and cost estimation. It covers topics such as process planning activities like drawing interpretation, material evaluation, process selection, production equipment selection, tooling selection and quality assurance methods. It also discusses cost estimation activities including estimating procedures, types of estimates, elements of cost estimation, methods of estimating, importance of costing and elements of costing like labor, material and overhead costs. Key aspects of process planning and cost estimation are covered through examples and case studies.
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The document discusses the key activities in process planning which include drawing interpretation, material evaluation and selection of manufacturing processes, selection of machines, tools and workholding devices, determining process parameters and cycle times, quality assurance methods, and cost estimation. It also provides details on each of these activities and factors considered for machine and tool selection during the process planning stage of product development.
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The document discusses the key activities involved in process planning, including drawing interpretation, material and process selection, selection of machines, tools and workholding devices, determining process parameters and quality assurance methods, cost estimation, documentation, and communicating the process plan. It provides details on each step, for example explaining that drawing interpretation provides critical information like materials, dimensions, tolerances. Process selection involves evaluating factors like the part geometry, required material properties, and manufacturability. Machine selection depends on economic and operational considerations. The document also discusses related topics like computer-aided process planning and factors that influence tooling selection.
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This document discusses the key concepts and stages of process planning. It covers the introduction to process planning and its activities like design, manufacturing process planning, and documentation. It also discusses cost estimation and machining time calculation. The document elaborates on various process planning methods including traditional and computer-aided process planning. It describes the important considerations and steps for selection of materials, machines, tools, and interpretation of engineering drawings for process planning.
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3. Material, machine, tool and process selection are important stages in process planning considering factors like properties, availability, capabilities and costs.
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The document discusses process planning and cost estimation for manufacturing. It covers topics like process planning activities, documentation, computer-aided process planning, material selection and evaluation, process and machine selection methods, tooling selection, and drawing interpretation. The key aspects of process planning include designing the product, planning the manufacturing processes, and linking design to manufacturing.
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This document provides an overview of process planning. It begins by defining process planning as selecting and sequencing processes to transform raw materials into finished components. This includes selecting manufacturing processes, equipment, tooling, and quality assurance methods. The document then discusses different types of process planning, including manual and computer-aided methods. It describes the key activities in process planning like drawing interpretation, material evaluation, process selection, and choosing production equipment and tooling.
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This document discusses process planning and cost estimation. It covers topics such as process planning activities like drawing interpretation, material evaluation, process selection, and production equipment selection. It also discusses computer aided process planning approaches like retrieval and generative CAPP. For cost estimation, it covers importance of estimation, types of estimates, elements of estimation, estimating procedure, importance of costing, methods of costing, and calculation of costs.
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This document discusses process planning and cost estimation. It covers topics such as process planning activities like drawing interpretation, material evaluation, process selection, production equipment selection, tooling selection and quality assurance methods. It also discusses cost estimation activities including estimating procedures, types of estimates, elements of cost estimation, methods of estimating, importance of costing and elements of costing like labor, material and overhead costs. Key aspects of process planning and cost estimation are covered through examples and case studies.
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The document discusses process planning which involves preparing instructions for manufacturing a product. It establishes the link between design and manufacturing. Key steps in process planning include drawing interpretation, determining operations, tools, equipment and sequence. Factors considered are dimensions, tolerances, material, surface finish. Process planning is done manually using workbooks or through computer-aided process planning for consistency and reduced time. Process, material and equipment selection factors are also outlined.
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Process planning is defined as the conversion of design data into work instructions. It involves systematically determining the most economical and competitive methods to manufacture a product. This includes devising, selecting, and specifying the processes, machine tools, and raw materials needed to convert raw materials into finished products. A process plan contains the route, processes, process parameters, machine and tool selections, fixtures, and machining times. Computer-aided process planning can reduce planning time and costs and increase consistency and accuracy compared to manual planning. Variant planning retrieves standard plans for similar parts, while generative planning automatically synthesizes plans for new parts.
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Process planning involves determining the optimal methods for manufacturing a product economically and competitively. It includes devising and selecting processes, machine tools, and specifying parameters to convert raw materials into finished goods. Process planning results in a process plan (or route sheet) that details the specific operations, machines, tools, fixtures, processing times, and sequence of operations required for production. Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) utilizes computer software and databases to automate the generation of process plans and has advantages over manual process planning such as increased productivity, reduced costs, and more consistent plans.
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geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
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PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION
- 2. • UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS PLANNING • UNIT II PROCESS PLANNING ACTIVITIES • UNIT III INTRODUCTION TO COST ESTIMATION • UNIT IV PRODUCTION COST ESTIMATION • UNIT V MACHINING TIME CALCULATION
- 10. Computer Aided Process Planning
- 11. Retrieval (or variant) CAPP System
- 14. Selection of Process planning system Major factors to be considered while selecting the best process planning system are: i. General Environment ii. Organisational Structure iii. Technical Expertise iv. Needs and Objectives of the company
- 16. The following information can be obtained from the interpretation of an engineering drawing: i. Material of the product ii. Number of parts to be produced iii. Weight of the component iv. Dimensions of the parts v. Dimensional and geometric tolerances vi. Size and Accuracy
- 19. 1.1) SINGLE –PART DRAWINGS
- 20. 1.2) COLLECTIVE SINGLE –PART DRAWINGS
- 22. 2.1) SINGLE –PART ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS
- 23. 2.2) COLLECTIVE ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS
- 25. INFORMATION IN THE DRAWING SHEET REQUIRED FOR PROCESS PLANNING • DIMENSIONS
- 26. • MATERIAL SPECIFICATION • SPECIAL MATERIAL TREATMENTS
- 27. • TOLERENCES, LIMITS AND FITS
- 28. • SURFACE FINISH
- 31. Material Evaluation Method 1. Shape or Geometry Consideration 2. Material Property Requirements 3. Manufacturing Considerations
- 32. Shape or Geometry Consideration Some of the important shape or Geometry considerations are: • Relative size • Complexity • Dimensional Tolerance • Surface Finish • Allowances • Design for Assembly • Design for Manufacturability
- 33. Some raw materials forms for common manufacturing processes
- 34. Material Property Requirements i. Mechanical Properties ii. Physical Properties iii. Service Environment Manufacturing Considerations • Standard Components • Ease of Manufacture • Quantity and rate of components • Minimum and Maximum • Level of Quality • QA and Inspection Requirements • Ease of Assembly
- 41. Factors considered for machine selection
- 48. Steps in Machine Selection
- 49. Factors in tooling selection • Manufacturing practice • Manufacturing process • Machine tool characteristics • Capability • Processing time • Cutting tool availability
- 53. Operating requirements for tool selection • Workpiece material • Operation • Part geometry • Tooling data
- 56. Factors affecting tooling performance • Cutting tool materials • Cutting tool geometry • Cutting fluids