The document discusses the four levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The primary structure is the specific sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. Peptide bonds form between the amino acids, linking an amino group of one to the carboxyl group of the other. These peptide bonds can be broken down by strong acids or bases at high temperatures through a non-enzymatic process called hydrolysis.

1. Protein structure
Organizational level

2. • The structure of the protein molecule
includes four organizational levels.
• 1) primary
• 2)secondary
• 3)tertiary
• 4)quaternary

3. Primary structure
• Primary structure of protein is defined as
• the sequence of amino acids .
• Importance:
• 1)detection of genetic diseases
• 2)Improper folding
• 3)loss or impairment of normal
function

4. Peptide bond
• The peptide bonds are amide linkages
• Between two amino acids in which the
• Alpha carboxyl group of one amino acid is
attached to the alpha amino group of the
other amino acid.
• Example..valine and alanine form
dipeptide valylalanine.

5. Breaking of peptide bond
• Unlike proteins which are denatured by
conditions such as :
• 1)Heating
• 2)High concentration of urea
• Peptides are broken by :prolonged
exposure to :
• Strong acid or base at elevated
temperature.This hydrolyzes these bonds
non-enzymically.