This document provides information about the health care system in India. It discusses:
1. The different levels of health care delivery in India including primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Primary care is provided through subcenters, PHCs and CHCs.
2. The structure and functioning of primary health care centers in India, including staffing patterns at subcenters, PHCs and CHCs. PHCs serve as the first point of contact between rural communities and the health system.
3. Recent modifications to the primary health care system through the establishment of Health and Wellness Centers to deliver comprehensive primary care, upgrading some subcenters and PHCs.
4. The organization of urban primary health care and family
Ayushman bharat what an why ..we must know this programme it is important for all doctors and nurses and others...very important for MBBS students also
Ayushman bharat what an why ..we must know this programme it is important for all doctors and nurses and others...very important for MBBS students also
MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMME IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
According to W.H.O. (1976) Maternal & child health services can be defined as “promoting, preventing, therapeutic or rehabilitation facility or care for the mother & child.” Thus maternal & child health services is an important & essential services related to mother & child’s overall development.
6. Reduce maternal, perinatal, infant & child mortality & morbidity rates. Child survival. Promoting reproductive health or safe motherhood. Ensure birth of healthy child.
7. Prevent malnutrition. Prevent communicable disease. Early diagnosis & treatment of the health problems. Health education & family planning services.
8. The MCH service are rendered through the infrastructure of P.H.C. & sub centers. It is proposed to set up one P.H.C. & sub-centers. It is proposed to set up one P.H.C. for every 30,0000 population, & one sub-centers for every 3000 to 5000 population. Each sub-centers are foundation of national health system. Each sub-sub-center is manned by a team of one male & female health worker. In addition there is a team of one trained Dai & one health guidein every village.
Unit:-2. Health and welfare committeesSMVDCoN ,J&K
Various committees of experts have been appointed by the government from time to time to render advice about different health problems. The reports of these committees have formed an important basis of health planning in India. The goal of National Health Planning in India is to attain Health for all by the year 2000.
This ppt gives you the details about the NRHM scheme. The SWOT analysis has been done which helps you to know the strength and weakness part of the NRHM program.
BY: Dr.Pavithra R (M.H.A)
This presentation deals with Primary Health Care in India. It describes in detail concept & characteristics of PHC. It focuses on structure, service delivery & challanges in front of Primary Health Care in India.
MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMME IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
According to W.H.O. (1976) Maternal & child health services can be defined as “promoting, preventing, therapeutic or rehabilitation facility or care for the mother & child.” Thus maternal & child health services is an important & essential services related to mother & child’s overall development.
6. Reduce maternal, perinatal, infant & child mortality & morbidity rates. Child survival. Promoting reproductive health or safe motherhood. Ensure birth of healthy child.
7. Prevent malnutrition. Prevent communicable disease. Early diagnosis & treatment of the health problems. Health education & family planning services.
8. The MCH service are rendered through the infrastructure of P.H.C. & sub centers. It is proposed to set up one P.H.C. & sub-centers. It is proposed to set up one P.H.C. for every 30,0000 population, & one sub-centers for every 3000 to 5000 population. Each sub-centers are foundation of national health system. Each sub-sub-center is manned by a team of one male & female health worker. In addition there is a team of one trained Dai & one health guidein every village.
Unit:-2. Health and welfare committeesSMVDCoN ,J&K
Various committees of experts have been appointed by the government from time to time to render advice about different health problems. The reports of these committees have formed an important basis of health planning in India. The goal of National Health Planning in India is to attain Health for all by the year 2000.
This ppt gives you the details about the NRHM scheme. The SWOT analysis has been done which helps you to know the strength and weakness part of the NRHM program.
BY: Dr.Pavithra R (M.H.A)
This presentation deals with Primary Health Care in India. It describes in detail concept & characteristics of PHC. It focuses on structure, service delivery & challanges in front of Primary Health Care in India.
Health Care delivery system is the skeleton of meeting healthcare needs of enormous population of every country.
In order to have a clear view of community medicine, it is essential to know about different health care systems in order to fulfill learning objectives of students.
INTRODUCTION
The concept of “Primary Health Care” came into existence, following a joint WHO-UNICEF International Conference at Alma-Ata, USSR on 12th September 1978.
The governments of 134 Countries and many voluntary agencies at Alma-Ata Conference called for acceptance of WHO goal of “Health for All by 2000 AD” and proclaimed Primary Health Care as a way to achieving Health for All.
This approach has been described as “Health by the people” and “placing people’s health in people’s hand”.
Primary Health Care is the first level of contact of individuals, the family and community with the national health system, where essential health care is provided.
At this level that health care will be most effective within the context of the area’s need and limitations.
DEFINITION
• Primary Health Care is defined as,
“Essential health care based on practical, scientifically, sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that community and the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-determination.”
• The Alma-Ata Conference defined Primary Health Care as follows: -
“Primary health care is essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost the community and country can afford.”
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
• It is essential health care, which is based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology.
• It should be rendered universally acceptable to individuals and the families in the community through their full participations.
• Its availability should be at a cost, which the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in a spirit of self-reliance and self-development.
• It requires joint efforts of the health sector and other health related sector like education, food and agriculture, social welfare, animal husbandry, housing, etc.
ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
The Alma-Ata Declaration has outlined 8 essential components of Primary health care,
1. Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them.
2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition.
3. An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation.
4. Maternal and child health care, including family planning.
5. Immunization against major infectious diseases.
6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases.
7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries.
8. Provision of essential drugs.
PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
1) Equitable distribution: -
Health service must be shared equally by all people irrespective to their ability to pay.
Primary health care aims to redress ‘Social injustice’ by shifting the centre of gravity of health care system from c
This document is designed as an introductory to medical students,nursing students,midwives or other healthcare trainees to improve their understanding about how health system in Sri Lanka cares children health.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
For those battling kidney disease and exploring treatment options, understanding when to consider a kidney transplant is crucial. This guide aims to provide valuable insights into the circumstances under which a kidney transplant at the renowned Hiranandani Hospital may be the most appropriate course of action. By addressing the key indicators and factors involved, we hope to empower patients and their families to make informed decisions about their kidney care journey.
TOP AND BEST GLUTE BUILDER A 606 | Fitking FitnessFitking Fitness
"Feature:
• Intelligent Ergonomically Design Glute Builder Is A Must Have For Those Looking To Target Their Gluteal Muscles And Hamstrings With Precision.
• The Ability To Adjust The Starting Position, This Machine Allows For A More Targeted Workout That Is Tailored To Your Specific Needs.
• Spacious And Supportive Cushioned Seat Provide Added Comfort And Stability During Your Workout."
Get more information visit on:- www.fitking.in
Our mail I.D:-care@fitking.in, fitking.in@gmail.com
Call us at :- 9958880790, 9870336406, 8800695917
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
2. What is health care?
To understand how is health care provided to the
people of India
What are the levels of health care delivery
To understand the facilities available at different
levels
Recent modifications
11-10-2021
2
3. Health care is multitude of services rendered to
individual or communities by agents of health
services for purpose of promoting, restoring and
maintaining health.
Components
1. Structure of HC delivery
2. Process of HC delivery
3. Outcomes of HC
4. Flow of patients in HC system
11-10-2021
3
4. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE - INDIA
1. Total Population ( 2018) = 1359.8 million (world population 7621 million, China
population 1417 million )
2. Crude Birth Rate (2018) =20.0 per 1000 mid year population
3. Crude Death Rate (2018)= 6.0
4. Annual Growth Rate ( 2017 ) = 1.2% (china 0.9 %)
5. Population Doubling Time = 30 Years
6. Population Rural % ( 2017 ) = 66.5
7. Adult Literacy Rate ( 2011 ) = 74.04
8. Sex Ratio (female per 1000 male)(2014-2016)=898
9. Population under 15 yrs ( 2017) = 28.0
10. Age at Marriage Female (2016) = 22.3 yrs
11. Average Family Size ( 2016 ) = 2.3
12. Infant Mortality Rate ( 2016) = 34 per 1000 live birth (47 in MP, 8 in Goa)
13. Maternal Mortality Rate ( per 100,000 Live Births ) (2014-2016) = 130
14. Life Expectancy at Birth (2017) = 67 Male / 70 Female
15. Population Above 60yrs % (2017 ) = 9.0
16. Annual Per Capita GNP (AT CURRENT PRICES 2016-2017 ) = Rs 112432=00
17. Density of Population per sq.km ( 2017)= 876
5. MODEL OF A HEALTH CARE
SYSTEM
INPUTS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE OUTPUTS
SERVICE SYSTEM
HEALTH
STATUS OR
HEALTH
PROBLEMS
RESOURCES
CURATIVE
PREVENTIVE
PROMOTIVE
PUBLIC
PRIVATE
VOLUNTARY
INDIGENOUS
CHANGES IN
HEALTH
STATUS
6. HEALTH SYSTEM IN INDIA
• It has 3 main Links :-
1) AT THE CENTER
a) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
b) D.G.H.S
c) Central Council of Health & FW
2) AT THE STATE
a) State Ministry of Health
b) State Health Directorate
3) AT THE DISTRICT
a) Urban Area :-
i) Town Area Committee = 5000 to 10000 Population
ii)Municipal Board or Municipality = 10000 to 2 Lacs
iii) Corporation = > 2 Lacs Population
b) Rural Area :-
i) Panchayat - at Village Level
ii) Panchayat Samiti – at Block Level
iii) Zilla Parishad – at District level
7. HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN INDIA
1) Public Health Sector :-
a) Primary Health Care ( PHC’S, Sub Centers )
b) Hospitals / Health Centers ( CHC’S, Rural Hospital,
Distt. Hospitals, Specialist Hospitals, Teaching Hospitals.
c) Health Insurance Schemes ( E.S.I, CGHS )
d) Other Agencies ( Defence Services, Railways )
2) Private Sector:-
a) Private Hospitals, Polyclinics, Nursing Homes, Dispensaries.
b)General Practitioners & Clinics
3) Indigenous System of Medicine:-
Aryuveda & Sidha, Unani, Homeopathy, Unregistered
Practitioners
4) Voluntary Health Agencies
5) National Health Programmes
8. Tier of health care in India
The health care services in India are organized at three levels,
each level supported by the higher level, to which the patient is
referred.
Tertiary
State Hospital Medical Colleges
Secondary
DH / CHC / Taluka Hospital
Primary
PHC / Sub Centre
9. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE –
Philosophy
Essential health care
Made accessible at a cost the COUNTRY can afford
Practical methods, scientifically sound, socially
acceptable to community
Full participation of community at every stage in spirit of
self reliance and self determination.
It’s a health system strategy to achieve Universal health
coverage
10. ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
1. Education about prevailing health conditions and methods to
prevent and control them
2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
3. Adequate water supply and basic sanitation
4. Maternal and child health care with family planning
5. Immunization against major infectious diseases
6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries
8. Provision of essential drugs
11. PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH
CARE
1. EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
2. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
3. INTERSECTORAL CO-ORDINATION
4. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
12. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
INFRA STRUCTURE
LEVEL POPULATION SIZE FUNCTIONARIES
VILLAGE 1000 •HEALTH VOLUNTEERS
OR VILLAGE HEALTH
GUIDES
•ANGANWADI WORKERS
•TRAINED BIRTH
ATTENDERS
•ASHA
SUBCENTERS 5000 MULTI PURPOSE
HEALTH WORKERS
(MALE AND FEMALE )
PHC 30000 •HEALTH
PROFESSIONALS
( DOCTORS )
•HEALTH ASSTT MALE
AND FEMALE
CHC 100000 to 120000 SPECIALISTS
13. RURAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN INDIA
Primary Health Centre (PHC)
A Referral unit for 4-6 Subcentres; 4-6 bedded manned with a
Medical Officer in-charge and 14 subordinate paramedical staff
no. of PHCs with specialized Health Services
Community Health Centre (CHC)
A 30 bedded Hospital/ Referral unit for 4 no. of PHCs with
specialized Health Services
Sub Centre (SC)
Most peripheral contact point of community with Primary Health
Care system; manned with one MPW(M) and MPW(F)
14. SUB CENTER
• Most peripheral 1st contact point b/w primary health care
system & community.
• They are established on the basis of
– One SC for every 5,000 pop in general and…
– One SC for every 3,000 pop in hilly, tribal and backward
areas
• Each Sub-Centre is manned by one Male and one female
Health Worker.
• One Lady Health Worker (LHV) is entrusted with the task
of supervision of six Sub-Centers.
15. SERVICES PROVIDED AT SC
• Maternal & child health services – ANC , Intranatal , PNC etc.
• Family planning & contraceptive, counseling – MTP, abortion etc.
• adolescent health care, assistance to school health services
• water quality monitoring
• promotion of sanitation including use of toilet and appropriate
garbage disposal
• field visit for - disease surveillance , family welfare service
including STI, RTI, awareness
• community need assessment
16. SERVICES PROVIDED AT SC
• Curative services for minor ailment
• training of TBA (Trained Birth Attendant ) and ASHA
• cooperative services of anganwadi workers ,ASHA, village health
and sanitation committee etc.
• Disease surveillance, National health programme related activities,
coordination and monitoring
• records of vital events
• outreach services.
17. PRIMARY HEALTH CENTER
• PHC is the first contact point between village community and the
Medical Officer.
• Provide an integrated curative and preventive health care to the
rural population with emphasis on preventive & promotive aspects
of health care.
• The PHCs are established and maintained by the State Government
• At present, a PHC is manned by a Medical Officer supported by
14 paramedical and other staff, it is a referral unit for 6
SubCentres.
• It has 4 - 6 beds for patients.
• The activities of PHC involve curative, preventive, primitive and
Family Welfare Services.
18. FUNCTIONS OF PHC
1. Medical Care
2. MCH Including Family Planning
3. Safe Water Supply & Basic sanitation
4. Prevention & Control of Locally Endemic Diseases
5. Collection & Reporting of Vital Statistics
6. Health Education
7. National Health Programs – operational activities
8. Referral Services
9. Training of V.H.G, HW, Local Dias, Health Asst.
10.Basic Laboratory Services.
19. STAFFING PATTERN OF PHC
Staff Type A PHC (with
delivery load of < 20
deliveries in a month)
Type B PHC (with delivery
load of more than or equal to
20 deliveries in a month)
Medical Officer- MBBS 1 1
Medical Officer- AYUSH
Accountant cum Data Entry
Operator
1 1
Pharmacist 1 1
Pharmacist- AYUSH
Nurse -midwife 3 4
Health Worker Female 1 1
Health Assistant- Male 1 1
Health Assistant Female/ Lady
Health Visitor
1 1
Health Educator
20. PHC A PHC B
Lab Technician 1 1
Cold Chain and Vaccine
Logistic Assistant
Multi skilled Group D Worker 2 2
Sanitary worker cum watch
man
1 1
Total 13 14
21. COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER (CHC)
• Covers a population of 8000 to 1.2 lakh
• 4 specialists i.e. Surgeon, Physician, Gynecologist and
Pediatrician are posted along with other staff.
• It should have 30 in-door beds with one OT, X-ray, Labour
Room and Laboratory facilities.
• It serves as a referral centre for 4 PHCs and also provides
facilities for obstetric care and specialist consultations.
• More case load for OPD, IPD focusing on curative services
including obstetrics and other emergency
22. Maternal Health
Minimum 4 ANC check ups
Including Reg.
– 1st visit: Within 12 weeks
preferably as soon as confirmed
– 2nd visit: Between 14- 26 wk
– 3rd visit: Between 28- 34 wk
– 4th visit: Between 36 wk & term
24 hr delivery services including normal & assisted
delivery & cesarean section
– Managing labour using Partograph.
– Minimum 48 hours of stay after delivery, 3-7 days
stay post delivery for managing Complications
23. Newborn Care and Child Health
– Essential Newborn Care and Resuscitation
– Counseling on Infant and young child feeding
– Routine and emergency care of sick children
– Immunization of infants and children against VPDs
– Management of Malnutrition cases.
• Family Planning
– Counseling, provision of Contraceptives, Laparoscopic
Sterilization Services and their follow up.
– Safe Abortion Services
24. STAFFING PATTERN OF CHC
Designation No. Of Post
Block Medical Officer/ Medical Superintendent Senior most specialist
General surgeon 1
Physician 1
General Duty Medical officer-AYUSH 1
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist 1
Paediatrician 1
Anaesthetist 1
Dental Surgeon 1
General Duty Medical Officer 6 (2females )
Specialist-AYUSH 1
Ophthalmologist 1(1for every 5CHC)
Public Health Manager 1
TOTAL 15/16
26. Personnel Strength
Mali 1
Aya 5
Peon 2
OPD Attendent 1
Registration Clerk 2
Statistical Assistant/Data Entry
Operator
2
Accountant/Admin Assistant 1
OT Technician 1
Total 64
27. HEALTH AND WELLNESS CENTERS
• The national health policy 2017 recommended strengthening the
delivery system of primary health care through establishment of
health and wellness centers as the platform to deliver
comprehensive primary health care.
- Govt. of India is committed toward creation of 150000 health
& wellness centers by transforming existing subcenters and
PHCs as basic pillar of Ayushman bharat to deliver
comprehensive primary health care.
- Further there are 7821 SCs which are upgraded as health and
wellness centers – sub centers ( HWC- SCs ) as of total 157411
- 8242 health & wellness centers – primary health centers ( HWC -
PHCs ) has been upgraded out of 24855.
28. URBAN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
STAFF
SANTIONED
TYPE OF POST
A (
< 5000
POPULATION )
TYPE OF POST
B
( 5000 to 10000
POPULATION
TYPE OF POST
C
(10000 to 25000
POPULATION )
TYPE OF POST
D
(25000 to 50000
POPULATION )
LADY DOCTOR X X X 1
PUBLIC HEALTH
NURSE
X X X 1
NURSE –
MIDWIFE
1 1 2 3 - 4
MALE MPW X 1 2 3 - 4
CLASS IV X X X 1
COMPUTER
CUM CLERK
X X X 1
VOLUNTARY
FEMALE HEALTH
WORKER
X X X 1
29. URBAN FAMILY WELFARE
CENTERS
TYPE POPULATION
COVERED
NO OF
UNITS
STAFFING PATTERN
I 10000 - 25000 326 ANM =1
FP FIELD WORKERS =1
II 25000 – 50000 125 FP EXTN.EDUCATOR/ LHV =1
FP FIELD WORKER ( MALE ) =1
ANM = 1
III >50000 632 MED.OFFR ( FEMALE PREFERED ) = 1
ANM = 2
LHV = 1
FP FIELD WORKER ( MALE ) =1
STORE KEEPER CUM CLERK = 1
IANM & IPHN for FW under ASHA scheme
** Ophthalmic Asstt to be placed where it does not exist through deployment or on contact basis
*** Flexibility with the state for recruitment of personnel as per requirement