hashim salim hashsalim@gmail.com Whether due to illness or injury, organ failure is a worldwide problem and its only treatment is organ transplantation or tissue replacement. Although it’s the only solution in these cases, organs demand greatly surpasses the supply. Organs are usually obtained from people who recently have died (up to 24 hours past the cessation of heartbeat) or from people who are clinically brain dead and their body functions are maintained artificially, nevertheless living organ donation is becoming more frequent [1]. The increase of the organ demand has been raising ethical concerns, since this can result in offers or incentives for donation, profit on donated human organs or even exploitation of the disadvantaged. In the developed world most countries have a legal system that oversee organ transplantation, however in poorer countries a black market has been arising, enabling those who can afford to buy organs, exploiting those who are desperate enough to sell them

1. 3D BIO-PRINTING
TECHNOLOGY
Guided by,
Mrs. DEEPA SUSAN GEORGE
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
ECE DEPARTMENT
Presented by,
HASHIM SALIM
S7 ECE A
12010516
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2. STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION
 Introduction
 Organ transplantation
 Tissue engineering
 Applications of 3D printing
 Bio printing
 Qualities of this technique
 Method of bio-printing
 Bio printer
 Steps of bio printing
 Result
 Advantage and disadvantage
 Conclusion
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3. INTRODUCTION
3D BIO-PRINTING is the three-dimensional printing of
biological tissue and organs through the layering of living
cells. It is mainly divided into two :
1. ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
It refers to transplantation of organs due to organ failure or
injury.
2. TISSUE ENGINEERING
It is the study of the growth of new connective tissue, or
organs, from cells.
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4. • Organ failure is a worldwide problem and its only
treatment is organ transplantation or tissue
replacement
ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
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5. • Focuses on the association of living cells with
signaling molecules and supports, known as scaffolds.
Importance of scaffolds
1. Substrate attachment is required for cell growth and
proliferation.
TISSUE ENGINEERING
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6. 2. Tissue construct must have organ specific shape, the shape of the
construct will influence the cell behavior;
3. The scaffold serves not only as an attachment substrate, but also
as a source of inductive signals for cell differentiation, migration,
proliferation and orientation;
4. The mechanical properties provided initially by the scaffold will
be maintained.
Contd…
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7. Applications of 3D printing
Jewellery Tools
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8. Applications of 3D printing
Fashion Architecture
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9. Applications of 3D printing
(Our Focus: Bioprinting)
Organs Medical Applications
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10. • BIO PRINTING is an automated computer aided
layer-by-layer deposition of biological materials for
manufacturing of functional human organs.
BIO-PRINTING
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11. BEST QUALITIES OF THIS TECHNIQUES:
RAPID
PROTOTYPING
HIGH
RESOLUTION
HIGH PRECISION
COMPUTER
CONTROL
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12. METHODS OF BIO PRINTIING
LASER-BASED
EXTRUSION BASED
INKJET BASED
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13. LASER-BASED
 Uses laser assisted technology to project the ink
droplets onto the substrate.
 Laser pulses trigger when hits the laser absorbing
layer, the area where the laser hit evaporates and the
high gas pressure generated propels the biomaterial
onto the substrate.
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14. EXTRUSION-BASED
 Reduced amounts of shear stress.
The bio ink rests at the cylindrical deposit waiting for
the pneumatic or mechanical pressure, as pulse or
continued, from a piston which propels the
biomaterial through a nozzle onto the substrate.
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15. Inkjet-BASED
Cheapest technology .
 In this method ,the bio ink is stored in a cartridge . These
chambers are very small and have a controlled actuator
(piezoelectric or heating element) that projects the bio- ink
onto the substrate.
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16. BIO-PRINTER
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17. STEPS IN BIO PRINTING
BUILDING A BIO
PRINTER
TESTING PHASE
RESULTS
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18. BUILDING A BIO-PRINTER
Bio printing aims to build an organ, layer by layer, using
scanners and printers .
The most important axes, X and Y, were built with 1 sheet
of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), also known as
acrylic glass, with one stepper motor and rails to guide the
printing head.
For the Z axis, a different motor is needed since it had to
support the weight of the print head.
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19. TESTING PHASE
 After the building process ,testing phase is processed. It is mainly to test
the three axes and all the functioning of bio printer.
 Before the biological print process to get started the bio printer was set to
print with the cartridge intact, with the factory ink it came with.
 This allowed to observe step loss or nozzle firing malfunction events in
order to redefine the timing parameters and other algorithm parameters to
ensure the system correct functioning.
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20. RESULTS
Results for bio printing process are mainly divided into
two :
INK RESULTS
BIO PRINTER
RESULTS
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21. ADVANTAGES
 Replace human tissue
by full body transplant.
 Allows scientists to
eliminate the wait list of
organ transplants ·
 Higher survival rate of
printed cells.
 Offers high precise
resolution
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22. DISADVANTAGES
 Organ is not sure about
whether they can fit into a
human body .
 3D printers can create
dangerous items, such as guns
and knives.
 Printing capabilities of
complicated tissues.
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23. CONCLUSION
With the continuous growth of the world’s population , and
increase of human life expectancy, more cases of organ failure
and tissue damage appear .
Most common bio printing methods were described and
discussed with their characteristics and limitations.
In terms of future perspectives for this work, more bio print
testing would be needed to be done to optimize the bio ink,
substrate and the process parameters.
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24. REFERENCES
1. M. Weber, et al., “Organ transplantation in the twenty-first century”, The
Urologic clinics of North America, 1998. 25(1): p. 51-61.
2. S. Steering Committee of the Istanbul, “Organ trafficking and transplant
tourism and commercialism: the Declaration of Istanbul”, The Lancet.
372(9632): p. 5-6.
3. Sixty-Third, W.H.A. and W.H. Organization, “WHO Guiding Principles on
Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation. Cell and tissue banking”,
2010. 11(4): p. 413.
4. J.R. Wolter, and R.F. Meyer, “Sessile macrophages forming clear
endothelium-like membrane on inside of successful keratoprosthesis”, Trans
Am Ophthalmol Soc, 1984. 82: p. 187-202.
5. M. Nakamura, Y. Nishiyama, and C. Henmi. “3D Micro-fabrication by Inkjet
3D biofabrication for 3D tissue engineering”, in MicroNanoMechatronics and
Human Science, 2008. MHS 2008. International Symposium on. 2008. IEEE.
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