3D printing involves using an additive process to create objects by successively depositing layers of material based on a digital model. This document discusses how 3D printing can be used for bio-printing tissues and organs, as well as its applications in medicine, clothing, and other industries. Limitations include slow production speeds and limited materials, but advances may allow for printing of human organs, skin grafts, prosthetics, and tissues for drug testing. While this technology could help address organ shortages, issues around cost, rejection risks, and ethical concerns remain.

1. 3D PRINTING
Jenna
Aaron
Adrienne

2. What is 3D Printing?
• Additive process to create any shape from
a digital model
• Industrial Robot
• Successive layers of material to make up
different shapes

4. What We Can Print
• Bio-Printing: Tissue engineering to create organs for
implants
• Skin
• Clothing and jewelry
• Casts for humans and animals
• Phone Cases
• Guns
• Guitars, clocks

6. 3D Fetus and Medical Models

7. 3D PRINTED ORGANS

8. Check It Out!
• YODA

9. Limitations
• Slow speed limits use for mass production
• Size needed to create large items
• Limited materials due to additive process

10. Future of 3D Printing
• Houses
• Trees
• Meat and Leather
• Global Economic Change
• Mass Personalization with material items

11. Effects of 3D Printing
• Environmental Impacts
• New Age of Art
• Education
• Medical
• Global Economy

12. Bio Printing Testing
• Printing organs could be used for drug or vaccine testing, and
not having to do test’s on animals or synthetic models
anymore which would make organ testing far more accurate.
• A printed liver for example, made from human cells could be
used as an intermediate step in drug testing in order to make
sure that a drug was safe before testing it on actual people.
• About 18 people die daily in the U.S. alone each day just
waiting for a transplant that may never come due to such
organ shortage from a real human. Bio printing could cut this
number in half if not more if got approved.

13. Three different Bio printers….
• Bio printers: NovoGen MMX, is the world's first 3D bio
printer. The printer has two robotic print heads. One places
human cells and the other places a hydrogel, scaffold, or
other type of support.
• Inkjet inspired printers: It is adapted so that skin cells
can be placed in an ink cartridge and printed directly on a
wound.
• Six-axis printer: Six-axis printer that can print layers but
come back and start printing a new layer on the outside of
the heart.

14. Rejecting the Transplant
In any transplant or surgery, there is always the risk of the body
rejecting the organ or cells. This can occur when tissue from one
area of the body is put into another area of the body. The organ
or tissue has to have time to integrate into the body after the
implant. Since the technology for 3D bio printing is so
new, doctors and engineers have not even gotten to this point
yet, but it's important to recognize these risks.

15. How it Works…
• “Bio Printing works like this: Scientists harvest human cells from
biopsies or stem cells, then allow them to multiply in a petri
dish. The mixture, like biological ink, is fed into the 3D
pritner, which is programmed to arrange different cell
types, along with other materials, into a precise three-
dimensional shape.” -- CNN Brandon Griggs.
• Doctors then hope that when the 3D print is placed into the
body, that the cell will work with the existing tissue in the body.

16. Robotic Hand
South Africa's
Robohand 3-D
prints cheap
mechanical
prosthetic
hands, arms
and fingers.

17. Printing Skin
Wake Forest
School of
medicine in
the United
States is
developing a
printer that will
print skin
straight onto
the wounds of
burn victims.
Pictured, a
researcher
works on a
prosthetic
"burned" hand.

18. Hip Stems and Bones
Washington State
University has 3-D
printed structures
from layers of bio-
compatible
calcium
phosphate, includi
ng a hip stem (left)
and bone
scaffolds.

19. • The U.S. government has funded a university called “Body on
a Chip” project that prints tissue samples that mimic the
functions of the heart, liver, lungs, and other organs.
• The government is being highly cooperative with this new
technology in terms of funding to science labs and Universities
because it does deal with health and lowering death toll.
• But… Bio printing does raise the question on who will be able
to afford it. Bio printing organs are likely to be very
expensive, which would mean only the wealthiest patients
would get the privilege of having them.
There is lots of controversy…

20. “Will only the rich be able to afford it? Are
we playing God? In the end, saving lives
tends to trump all objections”
-CNN