3D bioprinting uses ink made from living cells in a layer-by-layer process to construct human tissues and organs. It begins with bioink and hydrogel loaded into a bioprinter to print the materials onto a biopaper substrate according to a digital model. The biopaper dissolves and layers blend together to build structures which can then undergo stimulation to further develop. Bioprinting addresses the shortage of organ donors for transplantation but faces challenges with keeping cells alive and high costs. Potential applications include tissue engineering and personalized drug delivery.

2. 
OVERVIEW:
 INTRODUCTION
 COMPONENTS
 PROCESS
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION

3. 
 Bio printing technology is developed by Gabor Forgacs, a
biophysicist from university of Missouri in the US.
 The technology involves the process of printing is done by
using layer-by-layer manner approach to generate desired
part of the body.
 3D bio printing helps constructing living human tissues and
organs.
 According to NHS 6,977 people are waiting for transplants
INTRODUCTION:

5. 
3D & 4D BIO PRINTERS:
3D BIO PRINTER:
 3D printing refers to
various processes used to
synthesize a three
dimensional object .
 It is also known
as additive
manufacturing (AM.
 The technology is already
successful with many
applications in full
operation and employing
many diverse materials
4D BIO PRINTER:
 4D printing is the printing
of smart, environmentally
responsive biological
structures, tissues and
organs.
 4D bio printing begins
with the printing of
multiple cells or
biological matrices
resulting in structures

6.  BIO INK:
Bio-ink is a material made from living cells that
behaves much like a liquid, allowing to "print" it in order to
create a desired shape.
 BIO PAPER:
Bio paper can be defined as a biocompatible,
degradable, in situ cross linkable and biomimetic hydrogel
that is permissible to tissue fusion in order to serve as a
substrate for cell deposition in bio printing.
 BIO PRINTER:
Bio printers can print complex 3D structures with
the combinations of “bio ink” and “bio paper”.
COMPONENTS:

8. 
PRE-PROCESSING:
 Pre-processing is the process of creating a model that
the printer will later create and choosing the materials
that will be used.
PROCESS:
PROCESSING:
 Directed by software: Bio ink and cartridge of hydrogel
are loaded in the bio printer and printed on bio paper.
 Printers prints first layer of the water based gel,
collagen and second bio ink cells.

9. 
CONT.
 Bio papers dissolves and layers blend together building up
the human organs.
POST PROCESSING:
 The post-bio printing process is necessary to create a stable
structure from the biological material.
 Stimulations (mechanical & chemical)send signals to the
cells to control the remodeling and growth of tissues.

11. 
ADVANTAGES:
 Insufficient organ
donation
 Lower risk of rejection
 Reduce organ
trafficking
 Offers high precious
resolution

12. 
DIS ADVANTAGES:
 Difficulty keeping cells
alive.
The cost of printers are
very expensive.
 Implanted organ can be
rejected as body can’t
accept them as functional
tissue.
 It will bring a major
ethical and moral debate
on its use.

13. 
 Tissue Engineering
vascularization is a key tissue in tissue
engineering that needs to be addressed because there is
a real and urgent need to engineer functional tissues.
 Drug delivery
4D bio printing enables the precise control of
the spatial distribution of different components that
can self-fold or self-unfold to encapsulate and release
drugs or cells in a programmable manner.
APPLICATIONS:

14. CONCLUSION:
 Master course of 3D
bio-printing human
body parts launched at
Queensland University
of Technology in
Australia in may 2014.
“3D bio-printing
facilities with the ability
to print human organs
and tissue will advance
faster than general
understanding and
acceptance of the
ramifications of this
technology," Pete
Basiliere

15. 
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